Back to Details

writing-go

Compare original and translation side by side

🇺🇸

Original

English
🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Go Development (1.25+)

Go开发（1.25+）

Core Principles

核心原则

  • Stdlib first: External deps only when justified
  • Concrete types: Define interfaces at consumer, return structs
  • Composition: Over inheritance, always
  • Fail fast: Clear errors with context
  • Simple: The obvious solution is usually correct
  • 优先使用标准库：仅在合理情况下引入外部依赖
  • 具体类型：在消费端定义接口，返回结构体
  • 优先组合：始终采用组合而非继承
  • 快速失败：提供带上下文的清晰错误信息
  • 简洁性：显而易见的方案通常是正确的

Quick Patterns

常用模式

Error Handling

错误处理

go
if err := doThing(); err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("do thing: %w", err)
}
go
if err := doThing(); err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("do thing: %w", err)
}

Struct with Options

带选项的结构体

go
type Server struct {
    addr    string
    timeout time.Duration
}

func NewServer(addr string, opts ...Option) *Server {
    s := &Server{addr: addr, timeout: 30 * time.Second}
    for _, opt := range opts {
        opt(s)
    }
    return s
}
go
type Server struct {
    addr    string
    timeout time.Duration
}

func NewServer(addr string, opts ...Option) *Server {
    s := &Server{addr: addr, timeout: 30 * time.Second}
    for _, opt := range opts {
        opt(s)
    }
    return s
}

Table-Driven Tests

表驱动测试

go
tests := []struct {
    name    string
    input   string
    want    string
    wantErr bool
}{
    {"valid", "hello", "HELLO", false},
    {"empty", "", "", true},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
    t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
        got, err := Process(tt.input)
        if tt.wantErr {
            require.Error(t, err)
            return
        }
        require.NoError(t, err)
        assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
    })
}
go
tests := []struct {
    name    string
    input   string
    want    string
    wantErr bool
}{
    {"valid", "hello", "HELLO", false},
    {"empty", "", "", true},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
    t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
        got, err := Process(tt.input)
        if tt.wantErr {
            require.Error(t, err)
            return
        }
        require.NoError(t, err)
        assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
    })
}

Go 1.25 Features

Go 1.25新特性

  • testing/synctest: Deterministic concurrent testing with simulated clock
  • encoding/json/v2: Experimental, 3-10x faster (GOEXPERIMENT=jsonv2)
  • runtime/trace.FlightRecorder: Production trace capture on-demand
  • Container-aware GOMAXPROCS: Auto-detects cgroup limits
  • GreenTea GC: Experimental, lower latency (GOEXPERIMENT=greenteagc)
  • testing/synctest：基于模拟时钟的确定性并发测试
  • encoding/json/v2：实验性版本，速度提升3-10倍（需设置GOEXPERIMENT=jsonv2）
  • runtime/trace.FlightRecorder：支持生产环境按需捕获追踪数据
  • 容器感知的GOMAXPROCS：自动检测cgroup限制
  • GreenTea GC：实验性垃圾回收器，延迟更低（需设置GOEXPERIMENT=greenteagc）

References

参考资料

  • PATTERNS.md - Detailed code patterns
  • TESTING.md - Testing strategies with testify/mockery
  • CLI.md - CLI application patterns
  • PATTERNS.md - 详细代码模式文档
  • TESTING.md - 结合testify/mockery的测试策略
  • CLI.md - CLI应用开发模式

Tooling

工具链

bash
go build ./...           # Build
go test -race ./...      # Test with race detector
golangci-lint run        # Lint
mockery --all            # Generate mocks
bash
go build ./...           # 编译所有包
go test -race ./...      # 启用竞争检测器进行测试
golangci-lint run        # 代码静态检查
mockery --all            # 生成模拟对象