tailwindcss-fundamentals-v4
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ChineseTailwind CSS v4 Fundamentals (2025/2026)
Tailwind CSS v4 基础知识(2025/2026)
Overview
概述
Tailwind CSS v4.0 was released January 22, 2025, featuring a complete rewrite with a Rust-based engine, CSS-first configuration, and significant performance improvements.
Tailwind CSS v4.0 于2025年1月22日发布,采用基于Rust的引擎进行完全重写,支持CSS优先配置,性能大幅提升。
Key Changes from v3
与v3版本的主要变化
| Feature | v3 | v4 |
|---|---|---|
| Configuration | JavaScript (tailwind.config.js) | CSS-first (@theme directive) |
| Engine | Node.js | Rust (10x faster) |
| Color format | hex/rgb | OKLCH (perceptually uniform) |
| Plugins | JS files | @plugin directive |
| Custom utilities | JS config | @utility directive |
| PostCSS imports | postcss-import | Built-in |
| Autoprefixer | Required | Built-in |
| CSS nesting | postcss-nested | Built-in |
| Content detection | Explicit config | Automatic |
| 特性 | v3 | v4 |
|---|---|---|
| 配置方式 | JavaScript(tailwind.config.js) | CSS优先(@theme 指令) |
| 底层引擎 | Node.js | Rust(速度提升10倍) |
| 颜色格式 | 十六进制/RGB | OKLCH(感知均匀色彩) |
| 插件机制 | JS文件 | @plugin 指令 |
| 自定义工具类 | JS配置 | @utility 指令 |
| PostCSS 导入 | 依赖postcss-import | 内置支持 |
| 浏览器前缀 | 需要Autoprefixer | 内置支持 |
| CSS嵌套 | 依赖postcss-nested | 内置支持 |
| 内容检测 | 需显式配置 | 自动检测 |
Installation
安装
Vite Projects (Recommended)
Vite 项目(推荐)
bash
npm install -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vitejavascript
// vite.config.js
import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
export default defineConfig({
plugins: [tailwindcss()]
})bash
npm install -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vitejavascript
// vite.config.js
import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
export default defineConfig({
plugins: [tailwindcss()]
})PostCSS Projects
PostCSS 项目
bash
npm install -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/postcssjavascript
// postcss.config.mjs
export default {
plugins: {
'@tailwindcss/postcss': {}
}
}bash
npm install -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/postcssjavascript
// postcss.config.mjs
export default {
plugins: {
'@tailwindcss/postcss': {}
}
}CSS Entry Point
CSS 入口文件
css
/* app.css - The only required CSS file */
@import "tailwindcss";css
/* app.css - 唯一需要的CSS文件 */
@import "tailwindcss";CSS-First Configuration
CSS优先配置
The @theme Directive
@theme 指令
Replace tailwind.config.js with CSS-based configuration:
css
@import "tailwindcss";
@theme {
/* Colors using modern oklch */
--color-primary: oklch(0.6 0.2 250);
--color-secondary: oklch(0.7 0.15 180);
--color-accent: oklch(0.8 0.2 30);
/* Typography */
--font-display: "Satoshi", sans-serif;
--font-body: "Inter", sans-serif;
/* Custom spacing */
--spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
--spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
--spacing-md: 1rem;
--spacing-lg: 2rem;
--spacing-xl: 4rem;
/* Custom breakpoints */
--breakpoint-xs: 475px;
--breakpoint-3xl: 1920px;
}使用基于CSS的配置替代tailwind.config.js:
css
@import "tailwindcss";
@theme {
/* 使用现代OKLCH格式定义颜色 */
--color-primary: oklch(0.6 0.2 250);
--color-secondary: oklch(0.7 0.15 180);
--color-accent: oklch(0.8 0.2 30);
/* 排版配置 */
--font-display: "Satoshi", sans-serif;
--font-body: "Inter", sans-serif;
/* 自定义间距 */
--spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
--spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
--spacing-md: 1rem;
--spacing-lg: 2rem;
--spacing-xl: 4rem;
/* 自定义断点 */
--breakpoint-xs: 475px;
--breakpoint-3xl: 1920px;
}Theme Variables Reference
主题变量参考
| Category | Variable Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Colors | | |
| Fonts | | |
| Spacing | | |
| Breakpoints | | |
| Radius | | |
| Shadows | | |
| Animations | | |
| Easing | | |
| 分类 | 变量模式 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 颜色 | | |
| 字体 | | |
| 间距 | | |
| 断点 | | |
| 圆角 | | |
| 阴影 | | |
| 动画 | | |
| 缓动函数 | | |
Disabling Defaults
禁用默认主题
css
@theme {
/* Start fresh - disable all default theme values */
--*: initial;
/* Define only what you need */
--spacing: 4px;
--font-body: Inter, sans-serif;
--color-primary: oklch(0.72 0.11 221.19);
--color-secondary: oklch(0.74 0.17 40.24);
}css
@theme {
/* 从零开始 - 禁用所有默认主题值 */
--*: initial;
/* 仅定义所需内容 */
--spacing: 4px;
--font-body: Inter, sans-serif;
--color-primary: oklch(0.72 0.11 221.19);
--color-secondary: oklch(0.74 0.17 40.24);
}Custom Utilities
自定义工具类
Static Utilities
静态工具类
css
/* Define custom utility in CSS */
@utility content-auto {
content-visibility: auto;
}
@utility text-balance {
text-wrap: balance;
}
@utility scrollbar-hide {
-ms-overflow-style: none;
scrollbar-width: none;
}
@utility scrollbar-hide::-webkit-scrollbar {
display: none;
}Usage:
html
<div class="content-auto scrollbar-hide">
<h1 class="text-balance">Long headline that should balance nicely</h1>
</div>css
/* 在CSS中定义自定义工具类 */
@utility content-auto {
content-visibility: auto;
}
@utility text-balance {
text-wrap: balance;
}
@utility scrollbar-hide {
-ms-overflow-style: none;
scrollbar-width: none;
}
@utility scrollbar-hide::-webkit-scrollbar {
display: none;
}使用示例:
html
<div class="content-auto scrollbar-hide">
<h1 class="text-balance">需要自动平衡的长标题</h1>
</div>Functional Utilities
功能性工具类
css
/* Utility that accepts values */
@utility tab-* {
tab-size: --value(integer);
}
@utility text-shadow-* {
text-shadow: 0 0 --value([length]) currentColor;
}
/* With theme reference */
@utility gap-safe-* {
gap: max(--value(--spacing-*), env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
}Usage:
html
<pre class="tab-4">Code with 4-space tabs</pre>
<h1 class="text-shadow-[2px]">Glowing text</h1>
<div class="gap-safe-4">Safe area aware gap</div>css
/* 支持传值的工具类 */
@utility tab-* {
tab-size: --value(integer);
}
@utility text-shadow-* {
text-shadow: 0 0 --value([length]) currentColor;
}
/* 关联主题变量的工具类 */
@utility gap-safe-* {
gap: max(--value(--spacing-*), env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
}使用示例:
html
<pre class="tab-4">使用4空格缩进的代码</pre>
<h1 class="text-shadow-[2px]">带发光效果的文字</h1>
<div class="gap-safe-4">适配安全区域的间距</div>Custom Variants
自定义变体
The @custom-variant Directive
@custom-variant 指令
css
/* Dark mode with selector */
@custom-variant dark (&:where(.dark, .dark *));
/* Custom state variants */
@custom-variant hocus (&:hover, &:focus);
@custom-variant group-hocus (:merge(.group):hover &, :merge(.group):focus &);
/* Data attribute variants */
@custom-variant data-loading (&[data-loading="true"]);
@custom-variant data-active (&[data-state="active"]);
/* Child selectors */
@custom-variant children (& > *);
@custom-variant not-first (& > *:not(:first-child));Usage:
html
<button class="hocus:bg-blue-600">Hover or focus</button>
<div class="data-loading:opacity-50" data-loading="true">Loading...</div>
<ul class="children:border-b not-first:pt-2">
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>css
/* 带选择器的暗色模式 */
@custom-variant dark (&:where(.dark, .dark *));
/* 自定义状态变体 */
@custom-variant hocus (&:hover, &:focus);
@custom-variant group-hocus (:merge(.group):hover &, :merge(.group):focus &);
/* 数据属性变体 */
@custom-variant data-loading (&[data-loading="true"]);
@custom-variant data-active (&[data-state="active"]);
/* 子元素选择器变体 */
@custom-variant children (& > *);
@custom-variant not-first (& > *:not(:first-child));使用示例:
html
<button class="hocus:bg-blue-600">悬停或聚焦时变色</button>
<div class="data-loading:opacity-50" data-loading="true">加载中...</div>
<ul class="children:border-b not-first:pt-2">
<li>项目1</li>
<li>项目2</li>
</ul>Loading Plugins
加载插件
The @plugin Directive
@plugin 指令
css
@import "tailwindcss";
/* Load official plugins */
@plugin "@tailwindcss/typography";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/forms";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/container-queries";
/* Load local plugin */
@plugin "./my-plugin.js";css
@import "tailwindcss";
/* 加载官方插件 */
@plugin "@tailwindcss/typography";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/forms";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/container-queries";
/* 加载本地插件 */
@plugin "./my-plugin.js";Plugin with Options
带配置项的插件
css
@plugin "@tailwindcss/typography" {
className: wysiwyg;
}
@plugin "@tailwindcss/forms" {
strategy: class;
}css
@plugin "@tailwindcss/typography" {
className: wysiwyg;
}
@plugin "@tailwindcss/forms" {
strategy: class;
}Using Prefixes
使用前缀
css
@import "tailwindcss" prefix(tw);
@theme {
/* Define without prefix */
--font-display: "Satoshi", sans-serif;
}html
<!-- Use with prefix -->
<div class="tw:flex tw:bg-red-500 tw:hover:bg-red-600">
Content
</div>Generated CSS variables include prefix:
css
:root {
--tw-font-display: "Satoshi", sans-serif;
}css
@import "tailwindcss" prefix(tw);
@theme {
/* 定义时无需添加前缀 */
--font-display: "Satoshi", sans-serif;
}html
/* 使用时添加前缀 */
<div class="tw:flex tw:bg-red-500 tw:hover:bg-red-600">
内容
</div>生成的CSS变量会自动包含前缀:
css
:root {
--tw-font-display: "Satoshi", sans-serif;
}CSS Variables in Code
代码中使用CSS变量
Replace theme() with var()
用var()替代theme()
css
/* v3 approach (deprecated) */
.old-way {
background-color: theme(colors.red.500);
}
/* v4 approach */
.new-way {
background-color: var(--color-red-500);
}
/* In media queries, use CSS variable names */
@media (width >= theme(--breakpoint-xl)) {
/* styles */
}css
/* v3 写法(已废弃) */
.old-way {
background-color: theme(colors.red.500);
}
/* v4 写法 */
.new-way {
background-color: var(--color-red-500);
}
/* 媒体查询中使用CSS变量名 */
@media (width >= theme(--breakpoint-xl)) {
/* 样式代码 */
}Core Utility Categories
核心工具类分类
Layout
布局
html
<!-- Flexbox -->
<div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4">
<!-- Grid -->
<div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
<!-- Container -->
<div class="container mx-auto px-4">html
<!-- Flexbox 布局 -->
<div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4">
<!-- Grid 布局 -->
<div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
<!-- 容器 -->
<div class="container mx-auto px-4">Spacing
间距
html
<!-- Padding -->
<div class="p-4 px-6 py-2">
<!-- Margin -->
<div class="m-4 mx-auto my-8">
<!-- Gap -->
<div class="gap-4 gap-x-6 gap-y-2">html
<!-- 内边距 -->
<div class="p-4 px-6 py-2">
<!-- 外边距 -->
<div class="m-4 mx-auto my-8">
<!-- 间隙 -->
<div class="gap-4 gap-x-6 gap-y-2">Typography
排版
html
<!-- Font size -->
<p class="text-sm md:text-base lg:text-lg">
<!-- Font weight -->
<h1 class="font-bold">
<!-- Text color -->
<p class="text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
<!-- Line height -->
<p class="leading-relaxed">html
<!-- 字体大小 -->
<p class="text-sm md:text-base lg:text-lg">
<!-- 字体粗细 -->
<h1 class="font-bold">
<!-- 文字颜色 -->
<p class="text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
<!-- 行高 -->
<p class="leading-relaxed">Colors
颜色
html
<!-- Background -->
<div class="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900">
<!-- Text -->
<p class="text-blue-600">
<!-- Border -->
<div class="border border-gray-200">
<!-- Ring -->
<button class="focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500">html
<!-- 背景色 -->
<div class="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900">
<!-- 文字颜色 -->
<p class="text-blue-600">
<!-- 边框颜色 -->
<div class="border border-gray-200">
<!-- 焦点环 -->
<button class="focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500">Sizing
尺寸
html
<!-- Width -->
<div class="w-full md:w-1/2 lg:w-1/3">
<!-- Height -->
<div class="h-screen min-h-[500px]">
<!-- Max width -->
<div class="max-w-xl mx-auto">html
<!-- 宽度 -->
<div class="w-full md:w-1/2 lg:w-1/3">
<!-- 高度 -->
<div class="h-screen min-h-[500px]">
<!-- 最大宽度 -->
<div class="max-w-xl mx-auto">Arbitrary Values
任意值
html
<!-- Use any CSS value -->
<div class="top-[117px] left-[calc(50%-4rem)]">
<!-- With CSS variables -->
<div class="bg-[var(--my-color)]">
<!-- Complex values -->
<div class="grid-cols-[1fr_500px_2fr]">html
<!-- 使用任意CSS值 -->
<div class="top-[117px] left-[calc(50%-4rem)]">
<!-- 结合CSS变量使用 -->
<div class="bg-[var(--my-color)]">
<!-- 复杂值 -->
<div class="grid-cols-[1fr_500px_2fr]">Important Modifier
!important 修饰符
html
<!-- Force important -->
<div class="!mt-0">
<!-- With variants -->
<div class="hover:!bg-red-500">html
<!-- 强制使用!important -->
<div class="!mt-0">
<!-- 结合变体使用 -->
<div class="hover:!bg-red-500">Built-in Features (No Config Needed)
内置特性(无需配置)
| Feature | v3 Requirement | v4 |
|---|---|---|
| @import handling | postcss-import | Built-in |
| Vendor prefixing | autoprefixer | Built-in |
| CSS nesting | postcss-nested | Built-in |
| Content detection | content config | Automatic |
| 特性 | v3 版本要求 | v4 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| @import 处理 | 依赖postcss-import | 内置支持 |
| 浏览器前缀 | 依赖autoprefixer | 内置支持 |
| CSS嵌套 | 依赖postcss-nested | 内置支持 |
| 内容检测 | 需配置content字段 | 自动检测 |
Layers
图层
css
/* Use native CSS layers */
@layer base {
h1 {
@apply text-2xl font-bold;
}
}
@layer components {
.btn {
@apply px-4 py-2 rounded font-medium;
}
}
@layer utilities {
/* Custom utilities via @utility directive instead */
}css
/* 使用原生CSS图层 */
@layer base {
h1 {
@apply text-2xl font-bold;
}
}
@layer components {
.btn {
@apply px-4 py-2 rounded font-medium;
}
}
@layer utilities {
/* 建议使用@utility指令定义自定义工具类 */
}Best Practices (2025/2026)
2025/2026 最佳实践
1. Use OKLCH Colors for Design Systems
1. 为设计系统使用OKLCH颜色
OKLCH provides perceptually uniform colors, better gradients, and wide gamut support:
css
@theme {
/* OKLCH format: oklch(lightness chroma hue) */
/* Lightness: 0-1, Chroma: 0-0.4, Hue: 0-360 */
/* Primary palette - adjust L for shades */
--color-primary-50: oklch(0.97 0.02 250);
--color-primary-100: oklch(0.93 0.04 250);
--color-primary-500: oklch(0.55 0.2 250); /* Base */
--color-primary-600: oklch(0.48 0.2 250);
--color-primary-900: oklch(0.27 0.12 250);
/* Semantic colors */
--color-success: oklch(0.6 0.15 145);
--color-warning: oklch(0.75 0.15 65);
--color-error: oklch(0.55 0.2 25);
}OKLCH提供感知均匀的色彩、更自然的渐变和广色域支持:
css
@theme {
/* OKLCH格式:oklch(亮度 色度 色相) */
/* 亮度:0-1,色度:0-0.4,色相:0-360 */
/* 主色调板 - 调整亮度生成不同深浅 */
--color-primary-50: oklch(0.97 0.02 250);
--color-primary-100: oklch(0.93 0.04 250);
--color-primary-500: oklch(0.55 0.2 250); /* 基础色 */
--color-primary-600: oklch(0.48 0.2 250);
--color-primary-900: oklch(0.27 0.12 250);
/* 语义化颜色 */
--color-success: oklch(0.6 0.15 145);
--color-warning: oklch(0.75 0.15 65);
--color-error: oklch(0.55 0.2 25);
}2. Implement Fluid Typography
2. 实现流体排版
Smooth scaling without breakpoint jumps:
css
@theme {
/* Fluid type scale using clamp() */
/* clamp(min, preferred, max) */
--text-fluid-xs: clamp(0.75rem, 0.7rem + 0.25vw, 0.875rem);
--text-fluid-sm: clamp(0.875rem, 0.8rem + 0.375vw, 1rem);
--text-fluid-base: clamp(1rem, 0.9rem + 0.5vw, 1.125rem);
--text-fluid-lg: clamp(1.125rem, 1rem + 0.625vw, 1.25rem);
--text-fluid-xl: clamp(1.25rem, 1rem + 1.25vw, 1.5rem);
--text-fluid-2xl: clamp(1.5rem, 1.1rem + 2vw, 2rem);
--text-fluid-3xl: clamp(1.875rem, 1.2rem + 3.375vw, 2.5rem);
--text-fluid-4xl: clamp(2.25rem, 1rem + 6.25vw, 3.5rem);
}Important: Always combine with for accessibility (respects zoom).
vwrem无需断点即可实现平滑的文字缩放:
css
@theme {
/* 使用clamp()实现流体字体缩放 */
/* clamp(最小值, 首选值, 最大值) */
--text-fluid-xs: clamp(0.75rem, 0.7rem + 0.25vw, 0.875rem);
--text-fluid-sm: clamp(0.875rem, 0.8rem + 0.375vw, 1rem);
--text-fluid-base: clamp(1rem, 0.9rem + 0.5vw, 1.125rem);
--text-fluid-lg: clamp(1.125rem, 1rem + 0.625vw, 1.25rem);
--text-fluid-xl: clamp(1.25rem, 1rem + 1.25vw, 1.5rem);
--text-fluid-2xl: clamp(1.5rem, 1.1rem + 2vw, 2rem);
--text-fluid-3xl: clamp(1.875rem, 1.2rem + 3.375vw, 2.5rem);
--text-fluid-4xl: clamp(2.25rem, 1rem + 6.25vw, 3.5rem);
}重要提示:始终将与结合使用以保证可访问性(尊重用户缩放设置)。
vwrem3. Fluid Spacing System
3. 流体间距系统
css
@theme {
/* Fluid spacing that scales with viewport */
--spacing-fluid-sm: clamp(0.5rem, 0.4rem + 0.5vw, 1rem);
--spacing-fluid-md: clamp(1rem, 0.75rem + 1.25vw, 2rem);
--spacing-fluid-lg: clamp(2rem, 1rem + 3vw, 4rem);
--spacing-fluid-section: clamp(4rem, 2rem + 8vw, 8rem);
}css
@theme {
/* 随视窗尺寸缩放的流体间距 */
--spacing-fluid-sm: clamp(0.5rem, 0.4rem + 0.5vw, 1rem);
--spacing-fluid-md: clamp(1rem, 0.75rem + 1.25vw, 2rem);
--spacing-fluid-lg: clamp(2rem, 1rem + 3vw, 4rem);
--spacing-fluid-section: clamp(4rem, 2rem + 8vw, 8rem);
}4. Organize Theme by Category
4. 按分类组织主题
css
@theme {
/* === Colors === */
--color-primary: oklch(0.6 0.2 250);
--color-secondary: oklch(0.7 0.15 180);
--color-success: oklch(0.6 0.15 145);
--color-error: oklch(0.55 0.2 25);
/* === Typography === */
--font-sans: 'Inter Variable', system-ui, sans-serif;
--font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
/* === Fluid Typography === */
--text-fluid-base: clamp(1rem, 0.9rem + 0.5vw, 1.25rem);
--text-fluid-lg: clamp(1.25rem, 1rem + 1.25vw, 2rem);
/* === Spacing === */
--spacing-page: 2rem;
--spacing-fluid-section: clamp(4rem, 2rem + 8vw, 8rem);
/* === Border Radius === */
--radius-sm: 0.25rem;
--radius-md: 0.5rem;
--radius-lg: 0.75rem;
/* === Shadows === */
--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px oklch(0 0 0 / 0.05);
--shadow-md: 0 4px 6px oklch(0 0 0 / 0.07);
/* === Easing === */
--ease-fluid: cubic-bezier(0.3, 0, 0, 1);
--ease-snappy: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1);
}css
@theme {
/* === 颜色 === */
--color-primary: oklch(0.6 0.2 250);
--color-secondary: oklch(0.7 0.15 180);
--color-success: oklch(0.6 0.15 145);
--color-error: oklch(0.55 0.2 25);
/* === 排版 === */
--font-sans: 'Inter Variable', system-ui, sans-serif;
--font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
/* === 流体排版 === */
--text-fluid-base: clamp(1rem, 0.9rem + 0.5vw, 1.25rem);
--text-fluid-lg: clamp(1.25rem, 1rem + 1.25vw, 2rem);
/* === 间距 === */
--spacing-page: 2rem;
--spacing-fluid-section: clamp(4rem, 2rem + 8vw, 8rem);
/* === 圆角 === */
--radius-sm: 0.25rem;
--radius-md: 0.5rem;
--radius-lg: 0.75rem;
/* === 阴影 === */
--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px oklch(0 0 0 / 0.05);
--shadow-md: 0 4px 6px oklch(0 0 0 / 0.07);
/* === 缓动函数 === */
--ease-fluid: cubic-bezier(0.3, 0, 0, 1);
--ease-snappy: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1);
}5. Keep @utility Definitions Simple
5. 保持@utility 定义简洁
css
/* Good - single purpose utilities */
@utility truncate-2 {
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
}
@utility text-balance {
text-wrap: balance;
}
@utility content-auto {
content-visibility: auto;
contain-intrinsic-size: auto 500px;
}
/* Safe area utilities for notched devices */
@utility safe-area-pb {
padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
}
@utility safe-area-pt {
padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
}
/* Avoid - too complex, use components instead */
@utility card-fancy {
/* Too many properties - use @layer components */
}css
/* 推荐 - 单一职责的工具类 */
@utility truncate-2 {
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
}
@utility text-balance {
text-wrap: balance;
}
@utility content-auto {
content-visibility: auto;
contain-intrinsic-size: auto 500px;
}
/* 适配刘海屏设备的安全区域工具类 */
@utility safe-area-pb {
padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
}
@utility safe-area-pt {
padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
}
/* 不推荐 - 过于复杂,建议使用组件 */
@utility card-fancy {
/* 过多属性 - 请使用@layer components */
}6. Mobile-First Class Ordering
6. 移动端优先的类顺序
Always structure responsive classes progressively:
html
<!-- Base (mobile) -> sm -> md -> lg -> xl -> 2xl -->
<div class="
text-sm md:text-base lg:text-lg
p-4 md:p-6 lg:p-8
grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3
">
Content
</div>始终按渐进式结构组织响应式类:
html
<!-- 基础(移动端)-> sm -> md -> lg -> xl -> 2xl -->
<div class="
text-sm md:text-base lg:text-lg
p-4 md:p-6 lg:p-8
grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3
">
内容
</div>7. Accessible Interactive Elements
7. 可访问的交互元素
html
<!-- Touch-friendly button (44px minimum - WCAG 2.2) -->
<button class="
min-h-11 min-w-11 px-4 py-2.5
bg-primary-600 hover:bg-primary-700 text-white
rounded-lg font-medium
focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-primary-500 focus-visible:ring-offset-2
transition-colors motion-reduce:transition-none
">
Button Text
</button>html
<!-- 符合WCAG 2.2标准的触控友好按钮(最小44px) -->
<button class="
min-h-11 min-w-11 px-4 py-2.5
bg-primary-600 hover:bg-primary-700 text-white
rounded-lg font-medium
focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-primary-500 focus-visible:ring-offset-2
transition-colors motion-reduce:transition-none
">
按钮文字
</button>Common Migration Issues
常见迁移问题
Border Color Default
边框颜色默认值
css
/* v3: border used gray-200 by default */
/* v4: border uses currentColor */
/* Fix: explicitly set color */
@theme {
--default-border-color: var(--color-gray-200);
}css
/* v3: border默认使用gray-200 */
/* v4: border默认使用currentColor */
/* 修复:显式设置颜色 */
@theme {
--default-border-color: var(--color-gray-200);
}Ring Default
焦点环默认值
css
/* v3: ring was 3px blue-500 */
/* v4: ring is 1px currentColor */
/* Fix: restore v3 behavior */
@theme {
--default-ring-width: 3px;
--default-ring-color: var(--color-blue-500);
}css
/* v3: 焦点环默认是3px blue-500 */
/* v4: 焦点环默认是1px currentColor */
/* 修复:恢复v3的行为 */
@theme {
--default-ring-width: 3px;
--default-ring-color: var(--color-blue-500);
}Button Cursor
按钮光标
css
/* v4: buttons use cursor: default */
/* Fix: add pointer globally if needed */
button {
cursor: pointer;
}css
/* v4: 按钮默认使用cursor: default */
/* 修复:全局设置为pointer(如果需要) */
button {
cursor: pointer;
}