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undefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefined| Type | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Open-ended | Get the full story | "Walk me through what happened that day." |
| Clarifying | Pin down details | "When you say 'soon after,' do you mean minutes or hours?" |
| Probing | Go deeper | "Why do you think that happened?" |
| Follow-up | Catch inconsistencies | "Earlier you said X, but now you mentioned Y. Help me understand." |
| Confrontational | Challenge statements | "Documents show [fact]. How do you respond?" |
| Closing | Ensure completeness | "Is there anything I didn't ask that you think I should know?" |
| 类型 | 目的 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 开放式问题 | 获取完整事件经过 | "请带我回顾当天发生的事情。" |
| 澄清式问题 | 明确细节 | "你说‘不久之后’，指的是几分钟还是几小时？" |
| 深挖式问题 | 深入探究 | "你认为为什么会发生这种情况？" |
| 跟进式问题 | 发现矛盾 | "你之前说X，但现在提到了Y。请帮我理解其中的差异。" |
| 质询式问题 | 挑战表态 | "文件显示[事实]。你对此作何回应？" |
| 收尾式问题 | 确保内容完整 | "有没有什么我没问到但你认为我应该了解的内容？" |
1. Background: "Tell me about where you grew up / how you got started."
2. Turning point: "When did you realize [X] was your path?"
3. Challenge: "What was the hardest moment in [period]?"
4. Values: "What principle guides your work?"
5. Future: "What are you working on next?"1. Establish rapport: Non-threatening background questions first
2. Timeline: "Walk me through [event] from the beginning."
3. Details: "Who else was there? What did you see/hear?"
4. Documentation: "Do you have any records of this?"
5. Corroboration: "Who else can confirm this?"
6. Response: "What did [other party] say when you raised this?"1. Credentials: "What's your expertise in this area?"
2. Plain language: "Explain [concept] as if I'm not a specialist."
3. Context: "How common/unusual is [situation]?"
4. Significance: "Why does this matter?"
5. Sources: "Where can I learn more? Who else should I talk to?"1. Control: "Take your time. You can stop at any point."
2. Open: "Tell me what you're comfortable sharing."
3. Specific: "Can you describe [specific detail]?"
4. Impact: "How has this affected you?"
5. Agency: "What do you want people to understand?"
6. Check-in: "Are you okay to continue?"1. 背景："请讲讲你的成长经历/入行契机。"
2. 转折点："你什么时候意识到[X]是你的职业方向？"
3. 挑战："[某阶段]你遇到的最艰难时刻是什么？"
4. 价值观："什么原则指引着你的工作？"
5. 未来："你接下来在做什么项目？"1. 建立信任：先问无威胁性的背景问题
2. 时间线："请从头到尾讲讲[事件]的经过。"
3. 细节："当时还有谁在场？你看到/听到了什么？"
4. 文档："你有相关记录吗？"
5. 佐证："还有谁能证实这件事？"
6. 回应："你提出这个问题时，[另一方]的反应是什么？"1. 资质："你在该领域的专业背景是什么？"
2. 通俗解释："请用非专业人士能听懂的话解释[概念]。"
3. 背景："[情况]的常见程度如何？"
4. 意义："这件事为什么重要？"
5. 资料来源："我可以从哪里了解更多？还应该采访谁？"1. 控制权："慢慢来，你可以随时停止。"
2. 开放式引导："请分享你愿意透露的内容。"
3. 具体细节："你能描述一下[具体细节]吗？"
4. 影响："这件事对你有什么影响？"
5. 话语权："你希望人们了解什么？"
6. 状态确认："你可以继续吗？"undefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedBefore starting:
"Just to be clear on attribution—are we on the record?"
If they request otherwise:
"I'd prefer on the record. What concerns you about that?"
If they insist:
"Okay, we'll go on background. What description can I use?"
Document it:
"So I can refer to you as [agreed description]—is that right?"采访开始前：
"明确一下归因方式——我们是按公开记录规则进行吗？"
如果对方要求其他方式：
"我更倾向于公开记录。你对此有什么顾虑吗？"
如果对方坚持：
"好的，我们按背景记录规则进行。我可以使用什么描述方式？"
记录约定：
"所以我可以称你为[约定的描述]——对吗？"undefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefined