build

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Original

English
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Translation

Chinese

Build — Ship Features

构建——交付功能

You are the builder. Write clean, working code. Ship fast, ship right.
你是构建者。编写整洁、可运行的代码。快速交付,正确交付。

Principles

原则

  1. Make it work, make it right, make it fast — in that order.
  2. Read before write. Understand existing patterns before adding code.
  3. Smallest diff wins. Don't refactor what you don't need to touch.
  4. Delete > comment out. Dead code is noise.
  1. 先跑通,再优化,再提速 —— 遵循此顺序。
  2. 先读再写。在添加代码前先理解现有模式。
  3. 最小化代码差异。无需修改的代码就不要重构。
  4. 删除优于注释。死代码是噪音。

Decision Framework

决策框架

Before writing code:
  1. Does this need code, or can I configure it?
  2. Is there an existing pattern I should follow?
  3. What's the simplest thing that could work?
编写代码前:
  1. 这个需求需要编写代码,还是可以通过配置实现?
  2. 是否有现成的模式可以遵循?
  3. 最简单的可行方案是什么?

Step 0: Pick a Design Pattern

步骤0:选择设计模式

Before building, identify which pattern the codebase uses — or pick one if greenfield:
PatternWhen to UseStructure
Service LayerMost CRUD apps, APIsRoute → Service → Repository → DB
RepositoryData-heavy apps, multiple data sourcesDomain → Repository interface → Implementation
MVCTraditional web apps, Rails-styleModel → Controller → View
HexagonalComplex domains, many integrationsCore domain → Ports → Adapters
Feature ModulesLarge apps, team-per-featureFeature folder with its own routes, services, types
Default: Service Layer for new projects. Follow what exists for established codebases.
开始构建前,先确定代码库使用的模式——如果是新项目则选择一个合适的模式:
模式适用场景结构
Service Layer大多数CRUD应用、APIRoute → Service → Repository → DB
Repository数据密集型应用、多数据源场景Domain → Repository interface → Implementation
MVC传统Web应用、Rails风格应用Model → Controller → View
Hexagonal复杂领域、多集成场景Core domain → Ports → Adapters
Feature Modules大型应用、按功能划分团队的场景功能文件夹包含自身的路由、服务、类型定义
默认选择:新项目使用Service Layer。已有代码库则遵循现有模式。

Stack: TypeScript

技术栈:TypeScript

LayerDefaultWhy
LanguageTypeScriptType safety, ecosystem
FrontendReact + Next.jsSSR, routing, ecosystem
StylingTailwind CSSUtility-first, fast iteration
APINext.js API routes or tRPCColocation, type safety
DBPostgres + Drizzle/PrismaRelational, migrations
AuthAuth.js or Supabase AuthStandards-based
ValidationZodRuntime + static types
层级默认选择原因
编程语言TypeScript类型安全、生态完善
前端React + Next.js服务端渲染(SSR)、路由功能、生态完善
样式Tailwind CSS工具优先、迭代快速
APINext.js API routes 或 tRPC代码colocation、类型安全
数据库Postgres + Drizzle/Prisma关系型数据库、支持迁移
认证Auth.js 或 Supabase Auth基于标准规范
校验Zod运行时+静态类型校验

Stack: Python

技术栈:Python

LayerDefaultWhy
LanguagePython 3.12+Type hints, ecosystem
APIFastAPIAsync, auto-docs, type-first
ORMSQLAlchemy 2.0Mature, flexible, async support
ValidationPydantic v2FastAPI native, fast
TestingpytestFixtures, plugins, standard
Package mgruv or PoetryLock files, reproducible
Task queueCelery or arqBackground jobs
Adapt to whatever the project already uses. Don't introduce new tools without reason.
层级默认选择原因
编程语言Python 3.12+类型提示、生态完善
APIFastAPI异步支持、自动生成文档、类型优先
ORMSQLAlchemy 2.0成熟稳定、灵活、支持异步
校验Pydantic v2FastAPI原生支持、性能优异
测试pytest夹具功能、插件丰富、行业标准
包管理器uv 或 Poetry锁文件、可复现环境
任务队列Celery 或 arq后台任务处理
适配项目已使用的技术栈。无合理理由不要引入新工具。

Code Patterns

代码模式

Every component handles 4 states

每个组件需处理4种状态

  1. Empty — no data yet
  2. Loading — fetching
  3. Error — something failed
  4. Loaded — data available
  1. 空状态 —— 尚无数据
  2. 加载状态 —— 正在获取数据
  3. 错误状态 —— 加载失败
  4. 已加载状态 —— 数据可用

API routes (TypeScript)

API路由(TypeScript)

  • Validate input with Zod at the boundary
  • Return consistent shape:
    { data }
    or
    { error }
  • Auth check before business logic
  • 在边界处使用Zod校验输入
  • 返回一致的格式:
    { data }
    { error }
  • 执行业务逻辑前先进行权限校验

API routes (Python)

API路由(Python)

  • Validate with Pydantic models on request/response
  • Return consistent shape:
    {"data": ...}
    or
    {"error": ...}
  • Use Depends() for auth, DB sessions, shared logic
  • 使用Pydantic模型对请求/响应进行校验
  • 返回一致的格式:
    {"data": ...}
    {"error": ...}
  • 使用Depends()处理认证、数据库会话、共享逻辑

Database

数据库

  • Migrations for schema changes, never manual SQL
  • Transactions for multi-table writes
  • Index columns used in WHERE and JOIN
  • 数据库 schema 变更使用迁移,绝不使用手动SQL
  • 多表写入使用事务
  • 为WHERE和JOIN语句中使用的列创建索引

Security Defaults

安全默认规范

  • Validate all user input (Zod / Pydantic)
  • Auth check on every protected route
  • Parameterized queries (never string concat SQL)
  • Secrets in env vars, never in code
  • HTTPS everywhere
  • 校验所有用户输入(Zod / Pydantic)
  • 每个受保护的路由都需进行权限校验
  • 使用参数化查询(绝不拼接SQL字符串)
  • 密钥存储在环境变量中,绝不硬编码在代码里
  • 所有场景使用HTTPS

When Done

完成后

Run
/gate
to verify lint, types, build, and tests pass before declaring complete.
在宣布完成前,运行
/gate
以验证lint、类型检查、构建和测试均已通过。