investigation-first

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调查研究

Investigation and Research

"没有调查，没有发言权。" —— 毛泽东《反对本本主义》（1930年）

"He who makes no investigation has no right to speak." —— Mao Zedong, Oppose Book Worship (1930)

核心原则

Core Principles

一切正确的决策都来源于对实际情况的调查研究。没有调查就没有发言权，没有正确的调查同样没有发言权。

在本项目的方法体系中，

调查研究

是落实

实事求是

的主要入口。调查不是为既定结论搜集材料，而是让事实来规定判断，让现实来修正理论。

详细原著依据见 original-texts.md

All correct decisions come from investigation and research of actual situations. He who makes no investigation has no right to speak, and he who makes no correct investigation also has no right to speak.

In the methodology system of this project,

Investigation and Research

is the main entry point for implementing

seek truth from facts

. Investigation is not to collect materials for a predetermined conclusion, but to let facts define judgments and let reality revise theories.

For detailed original text references, see original-texts.md

不适用场景

Inapplicable Scenarios

以下情况不需要调用此 skill：

当前任务是已充分调查后的执行阶段 —— 不要重复调查
用户已经提供了完整的上下文和决策依据
问题是技术实现细节，答案可以直接验证（运行代码看结果）
紧急的修复任务且问题现象已经明确 —— 直接定位和修复，调查会浪费时间

You do not need to invoke this skill in the following situations:

The current task is in the execution stage after sufficient investigation — do not repeat investigation
The user has provided complete context and decision basis
The problem is a technical implementation detail, and the answer can be directly verified (run the code to see the result)
It is an urgent repair task and the problem phenomenon is already clear — locate and fix directly, investigation will waste time

何时使用

When to Use

你应该在以下情况调用此 skill：

要做一个决策，但对实际情况了解不够
进入一个陌生的领域或面对一个新问题
发现自己在凭"直觉"或"经验"做判断，缺乏事实依据
别人的方案/建议听起来合理，但你不了解其适用条件
需要全面了解一个系统/项目/问题的现状
感觉自己在"本本主义"——套用理论而不了解实际

You should invoke this skill in the following situations:

You need to make a decision but do not know enough about the actual situation
You enter an unfamiliar domain or face a new problem
You find yourself making judgments based on "intuition" or "experience" and lack factual basis
Other people's solutions/suggestions sound reasonable, but you do not understand their applicable conditions
You need to fully understand the current status of a system/project/problem
You feel you are engaging in "book worship" — applying theories without understanding the reality

方法流程

Method Process

第一步：明确调查目的

Step 1: Clarify the purpose of investigation

"调查就像'十月怀胎'，解决问题就像'一朝分娩'。"——《反对本本主义》

调查不是漫无目的地搜集信息。在开始之前明确：

我要解决什么问题？
我需要了解哪些方面的情况？
调查的结果将如何指导我的行动？

"Investigation is like 'being pregnant for ten months', solving a problem is like 'giving birth in one day'."—— Oppose Book Worship

Investigation is not aimless information collection. Before starting, clarify:

What problem do I want to solve?
What aspects of the situation do I need to understand?
How will the results of the investigation guide my actions?

第二步：制定调查提纲

Step 2: Develop an investigation outline

毛泽东强调调查必须有"准备"——要有详细的提纲

列出需要调查的具体问题清单：

当前状况是什么？（现状调查）
历史上是怎样的？（历史调查）
有哪些相关的因素？（关联调查）
有哪些不同的观点？（多方调查）

Mao Zedong emphasized that investigation must be "prepared" — there must be a detailed outline

List a specific list of questions that need to be investigated:

What is the current status? (Current status investigation)
What was it like in history? (Historical investigation)
What are the relevant factors? (Correlation investigation)
What are the different views? (Multi-party investigation)

第三步：深入一线获取第一手资料

Step 3: Go to the front line to obtain first-hand information

"你对于某个问题没有调查，就停止你对于某个问题的发言权。"——《反对本本主义》

必须亲自接触第一手资料，不能只看二手总结：

直接阅读源代码，而非只看文档
直接运行和测试，而非只看报告
直接与相关人员交流，而非只看转述
深入了解细节，不要满足于"大概了解"

警惕：

不能搞"走马看花"式的调查——"像站在高山上远观一座繁华的都市"那样浮光掠影。

"If you have not investigated a certain problem, then stop your right to speak on that problem."—— Oppose Book Worship

You must personally access first-hand information, not just look at second-hand summaries:

Read the source code directly instead of just reading the documentation
Run and test directly instead of just reading reports
Communicate directly with relevant personnel instead of just reading relayed information
Understand the details in depth, do not be satisfied with "general understanding"

Warning:

Do not conduct "looking at flowers on horseback" style investigation — as superficial as "standing on a high mountain and looking at a prosperous city from afar".

第四步：详细记录，系统整理

Step 4: Record in detail and organize systematically

"要自己做记录"——《反对本本主义》

调查过程中要：

详细记录发现的事实
区分事实与观点
整理归类，找出规律
标注存疑的地方

"You should take notes yourself"—— Oppose Book Worship

During the investigation process:

Record the facts discovered in detail
Distinguish between facts and opinions
Sort and categorize to find patterns
Mark places that are questionable

第五步：实事求是，得出结论

Step 5: Seek truth from facts and draw conclusions

"'实事'就是客观存在着的一切事物，'是'就是客观事物的内部联系，即规律性，'求'就是我们去研究。"——《改造我们的学习》

从调查得到的事实出发，分析其内在联系，得出结论：

事实先于判断，材料先于观点
结论必须有事实支撑
不能先有结论再找证据
如果事实与预期不符，修改的应该是结论而非事实
承认"不知道"也是一种诚实的调查结论

"'Shishi' (facts) means all things that exist objectively, 'Shi' (truth) means the internal connections of objective things, that is, regularity, and 'Qiu' (seek) means we go to study."—— Reform Our Study

Start from the facts obtained from the investigation, analyze their internal connections, and draw conclusions:

Facts precede judgments, materials precede opinions
Conclusions must be supported by facts
Do not draw conclusions first and then look for evidence
If the facts are inconsistent with expectations, the conclusion should be modified rather than the facts
Admitting "I don't know" is also an honest investigation conclusion

第六步：调查完成后再做决策

Step 6: Make decisions after the investigation is completed

调查结束后，基于调查结果做出决策或提出方案。此时再与理论原则结合——但理论必须服从事实，不是事实服从理论。如果后续进入验证和迭代，继续调用

practice-cognition

，让

实事求是

贯穿从调查到实践检验的全过程。

After the investigation is completed, make decisions or propose solutions based on the investigation results. Then combine with theoretical principles — but theory must obey facts, not facts obey theory. If you enter verification and iteration later, continue to call

practice-cognition

, so that

seek truth from facts

runs through the whole process from investigation to practical testing.

调查的七项注意

Seven Points for Attention in Investigation

根据毛泽东在《反对本本主义》中提出的调查方法，整理为七项注意：

要有目的 —— 带着问题去调查
要有提纲 —— 调查有计划、有条理
要亲自做 —— 不能只靠别人汇报
要深入 —— 不能浮皮潦草
要做记录 —— 系统整理调查结果
要多方面 —— 听取不同角度的意见
要实事求是 —— 从事实出发，不预设结论

Based on the investigation method proposed by Mao Zedong in Oppose Book Worship, it is organized into seven points for attention:

Have a purpose —— Investigate with questions
Have an outline —— Investigation is planned and organized
Do it personally —— Do not rely solely on reports from others
Go deep —— Do not be superficial
Take notes —— Systematically organize the investigation results
Be comprehensive —— Listen to opinions from different perspectives
Seek truth from facts —— Start from facts and do not preset conclusions

常见错误

Common Mistakes

错误	毛泽东的批评	正确做法
不调查就给出答案	"没有调查，没有发言权"	先调查，后发言
只看文档不看实际	"不注重研究现状"	深入一线获取第一手资料
调查走马观花	不能"站在高山上远观"	深入细致，不浮于表面
先有结论再找证据	"不是从客观存在着的实际事物出发"	从事实出发得出结论
只调查现状不看历史	"不注重研究历史"	历史与现状并重
只看一方面	需要多角度多方面的调查	兼听则明

Mistake	Mao Zedong's Criticism	Correct Practice
Give answers without investigation	"He who makes no investigation has no right to speak"	Investigate first, then speak
Only read documentation without looking at reality	"Do not pay attention to studying the current situation"	Go to the front line to obtain first-hand information
Superficial investigation	Cannot "view from a high mountain far away"	Go deep and meticulous, do not stay on the surface
Draw conclusions first then look for evidence	"Do not start from objectively existing actual things"	Draw conclusions starting from facts
Only investigate the current situation without looking at history	"Do not pay attention to studying history"	Pay equal attention to history and current situation
Only look at one side	Need multi-angle and multi-faceted investigation	Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened

操作规程

Operating Procedures

当本 skill 被触发时，在开始任何实质性工作之前，先输出调查提纲：

声明调查目的：一句话写出"我要弄清楚的是：[具体问题]"
列调查清单：用 checkbox 列出需要调查的具体项目，例如：
- ```
- [ ]
```
  读取 [具体文件/模块] 了解现状
- ```
- [ ]
```
  检查 [具体接口/配置] 了解约束条件
- ```
- [ ]
```
  确认 [具体数据/状态] 的实际情况
执行调查：逐项完成，完成后标记
```
- [x]
```

输出调查结论，用固定格式收尾：

调查结论：
- 现状是：……
- 关键约束是：……
- 我之前不知道但现在知道的是：……
- 基于以上，我的判断是：……

调查结论必须先于任何行动方案出现，不得边调查边给方案。

When this skill is triggered, before starting any substantive work, output the investigation outline first:

State the purpose of investigation: Write in one sentence "What I need to figure out is: [specific problem]"
List investigation checklist: Use checkboxes to list specific items that need to be investigated, for example:
- ```
- [ ]
```
  Read [specific file/module] to understand the current status
- ```
- [ ]
```
  Check [specific interface/configuration] to understand constraints
- ```
- [ ]
```
  Confirm the actual situation of [specific data/status]
Carry out investigation: Complete item by item, mark
```
- [x]
```
after completion

Output investigation conclusion, end with a fixed format:

Investigation Conclusion:
- Current status: ……
- Key constraints: ……
- What I didn't know before but know now: ……
- Based on the above, my judgment is: ……

The investigation conclusion must appear before any action plan, and no solution shall be provided while investigating.

与其他 skill 的关系

Relationship with Other Skills

矛盾分析法：调查研究为矛盾分析提供事实基础
实践认识论：调查研究是"实践"的重要形式，调查得出的认识还要回到实践中接受检验
群众路线：调查研究的重要方法就是"从群众中来"
批评与自我批评：调查自己的工作也是自我批评的一部分

Contradiction analysis method: Investigation and research provide a factual basis for contradiction analysis
Practice epistemology: Investigation and research is an important form of "practice", and the understanding obtained from investigation must be returned to practice for testing
Mass line: An important method of investigation and research is "from the masses"
Criticism and self-criticism: Investigating your own work is also part of self-criticism