criticism-self-criticism
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Chinese批评与自我批评
Criticism and Self-Criticism
"房子是应该经常打扫的,不打扫就会积满了灰尘;脸是应该经常洗的,不洗也就会灰尘满面。我们同志的思想,我们党的工作,也会沾染灰尘的,也应该打扫和洗涤。" —— 毛泽东《论联合政府》(1945年)
"Houses should be cleaned frequently, otherwise they will be covered with dust; faces should be washed regularly, otherwise they will be dusty. The thinking of our comrades and the work of our Party will also get dusty, so they should be cleaned and washed as well." —— Mao Zedong, On Coalition Government (1945)
核心原则
Core Principles
定期的、诚实的自我审视和相互批评是防止错误积累的唯一机制。批评的目的不是惩罚,而是"治病救人"。
详细原著依据见 original-texts.md
Regular, honest self-examination and mutual criticism are the only mechanisms to prevent the accumulation of errors. The purpose of criticism is not punishment, but "curing the sickness to save the patient".
See original-texts.md for detailed original text references
不适用场景
Inapplicable Scenarios
以下情况不需要调用此 skill:
- 任务刚开始,还没有可以审视的工作成果
- 用户在实时指导中,反馈已经即时纳入 —— 不需要事后批评
- 简单的单步任务(如"帮我查一下这个函数的签名")—— 没有可审视的过程
- 已处于紧急修复的执行阶段 —— 先完成修复,结束后再审视
You do not need to call this skill in the following situations:
- The task has just started, and there is no work result available for review
- The user is providing real-time guidance, and feedback has been incorporated immediately - no post-hoc criticism is needed
- Simple single-step tasks (e.g. "Help me check the signature of this function") - no process to review
- Already in the execution phase of emergency repair - complete the repair first, then conduct review after completion
何时使用
When to Use
你应该在以下情况调用此 skill:
- 完成一项工作后,需要审视其质量
- 接收到他人的批评或反馈
- 发现自己的工作可能有问题但不确定
- 项目进行到阶段性节点,需要复盘
- 反复出现同类错误,需要找到根本原因
- 需要为团队/项目建立定期审查机制
You should call this skill in the following situations:
- After completing a task, you need to review its quality
- Receive criticism or feedback from others
- Find that your work may have problems but are not sure
- The project has reached a phased node and requires a retrospective
- Similar errors occur repeatedly, and the root cause needs to be found
- Need to establish a regular review mechanism for the team/project
方法流程
Method Process
第一步:先自我批评
Step 1: Conduct Self-Criticism First
"对以前的错误一定要揭发,不讲情面"——《整顿党的作风》
在请别人审查之前,先诚实地审视自己的工作:
- 我的工作目标完成了吗?
- 过程中有哪些地方做得不够好?
- 有没有偷懒、敷衍、走捷径的地方?
- 有没有我知道有问题但选择忽略的地方?
- 如果重新来过,我会在哪里做不同的选择?
关键纪律:不讳疾忌医。 自己已经知道的问题,必须主动暴露,不能藏着掖着。
"We must expose previous mistakes without mercy"——Rectify the Party's Style of Work
Before asking others to review, honestly examine your own work first:
- Did I achieve my work goals?
- What parts of the process were not done well enough?
- Were there any instances of laziness, perfunctoriness, or taking shortcuts?
- Are there any problems that I knew existed but chose to ignore?
- If I could start over, where would I make different choices?
Key Discipline: Do not hide problems for fear of criticism. Problems you already know about must be actively exposed, and must not be concealed.
第二步:具体而非笼统
Step 2: Be Specific Rather Than General
批评必须是"以科学的态度来分析批判"——《整顿党的作风》
自我批评和相互批评都必须具体:
- 错误示范: "我觉得做得不够好"(笼统,无法改进)
- 正确示范: "在第三步我跳过了验证环节,导致后面出现了 X 问题"(具体,可操作)
要做到:
- 指出具体的行为或决策,而非笼统的性格评价
- 分析错误产生的原因,而非只描述现象
- 说明错误造成的影响
- 提出改进的具体方法
Criticism must be "analyzed and criticized with a scientific attitude"——Rectify the Party's Style of Work
Both self-criticism and mutual criticism must be specific:
- Bad example: "I think it's not done well enough" (too general, no room for improvement)
- Good example: "I skipped the verification link in the third step, which caused X problem later" (specific, actionable)
Requirements:
- Point out specific behaviors or decisions, rather than general personality evaluations
- Analyze the causes of errors, rather than only describing phenomena
- Explain the impact of errors
- Propose specific improvement methods
第三步:基于事实而非猜测
Step 3: Be Fact-based Rather Than Speculation-based
批评必须建立在调查研究()的基础上:
investigation-first- 引用具体的事实和证据
- 不依据传言或猜测
- 对自己不确定的部分标注"存疑"
- 允许被批评方提供补充信息
Criticism must be based on investigation and research ():
investigation-first- Cite specific facts and evidence
- Do not rely on rumors or speculation
- Mark parts you are not sure about as "doubtful"
- Allow the criticized party to provide supplementary information
第四步:治病救人,不是整人
Step 4: Cure the Sickness to Save the Patient, Not to Punish
"完全是为了救人,而不是为了把人整死。"——《整顿党的作风》
批评的目的是改进,不是追责:
- 每指出一个问题,就提出一个改进建议
- 承认问题的同时,肯定做得好的部分
- 关注"下次怎么做更好",而非"这次谁的错"
- 对待错误的态度:错误是学习的机会,不是羞耻
"It is entirely for the purpose of saving people, not for killing them."——Rectify the Party's Style of Work
The purpose of criticism is improvement, not accountability:
- For every problem pointed out, provide an improvement suggestion
- While acknowledging problems, affirm the well-done parts
- Focus on "how to do better next time", rather than "who is at fault this time"
- Attitude towards mistakes: Mistakes are learning opportunities, not shame
第五步:欢迎他人批评
Step 5: Welcome Criticism from Others
"因为我们是为人民服务的,所以,我们如果有缺点,就不怕别人批评指出。不管是什么人,谁向我们指出都行。只要你说得对,我们就改正。"——《为人民服务》
接收批评时:
- 先完整听取,不急于辩解
- 判断批评是否基于事实
- 如果批评正确——立即接受并改正
- 如果批评不准确——用事实和道理说明,而非情绪化回应
- 感谢提出批评的人(即使批评让你不舒服)
"Because we serve the people, if we have shortcomings, we are not afraid to be criticized and pointed out. No matter who it is, anyone can point them out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct them."——Serve the People
When receiving criticism:
- Listen completely first, do not rush to defend yourself
- Judge whether the criticism is fact-based
- If the criticism is correct - accept and correct it immediately
- If the criticism is inaccurate - explain with facts and reasoning, rather than responding emotionally
- Thank the person who gave the criticism (even if the criticism makes you uncomfortable)
第六步:形成常态机制
Step 6: Form a Normalized Mechanism
"房子是应该经常打扫的"——《论联合政府》
批评与自我批评不是应急措施,而是日常机制:
- 每完成一个阶段性工作就进行一次自我审视
- 定期(而非出了问题才)进行复盘
- 把上次批评中发现的问题作为下次检查的重点
- 错误记录积累起来,找出模式和根本原因
"Houses should be cleaned frequently"——On Coalition Government
Criticism and self-criticism are not emergency measures, but daily mechanisms:
- Conduct a self-examination after completing each phased work
- Conduct retrospectives regularly (not only when problems occur)
- Take the problems found in the last criticism as the focus of the next inspection
- Accumulate error records to find patterns and root causes
自我批评检查清单
Self-Criticism Checklist
完成工作后,用以下问题自查:
- 我是否达成了原定目标?
- 过程中我是否跳过了某些应该做的步骤?
- 我的方案是否经过了实践验证()?
practice-cognition - 我是否充分调查了情况()?
investigation-first - 我是否收集了相关方的意见()?
mass-line - 我是否抓住了主要矛盾()?
contradiction-analysis - 有没有我知道但回避的问题?
- 如果重新来过,我会做什么不同的事?
After completing work, conduct self-examination with the following questions:
- Did I achieve the original goal?
- Did I skip any required steps during the process?
- Has my solution been verified through practice ()?
practice-cognition - Did I fully investigate the situation ()?
investigation-first - Did I collect opinions from relevant stakeholders ()?
mass-line - Did I grasp the main contradiction ()?
contradiction-analysis - Are there any problems that I know about but avoided?
- If I could start over, what would I do differently?
两种错误倾向
Two Wrong Tendencies
无原则的批评(攻击人而非问题)
Unprincipled Criticism (Attacking People Instead of Problems)
表现:
- 批评针对人的性格而非具体行为
- 批评没有建设性目的,只是发泄
- 以"批评"为名打压不同意见
这违背了"治病救人"的原则。
Manifestations:
- Criticism targets people's personalities rather than specific behaviors
- Criticism has no constructive purpose, only to vent emotions
- Suppress dissenting opinions in the name of "criticism"
This violates the principle of "curing the sickness to save the patient".
拒绝批评(讳疾忌医)
Rejecting Criticism (Hiding Problems for Fear of Criticism)
"只要他不讳疾忌医,不固执错误,以至于达到不可救药的地步"——《整顿党的作风》
表现:
- 听到批评就急于辩解
- 把正确的批评当作"攻击"
- 选择性接受批评(只接受好听的)
- 表面接受实际不改
这是最危险的倾向——错误只会越积越多。
"As long as he does not hide his sickness for fear of treatment, does not stick to his mistakes to the point of being incurable"——Rectify the Party's Style of Work
Manifestations:
- Rush to defend yourself as soon as you hear criticism
- Treat correct criticism as an "attack"
- Selectively accept criticism (only accept pleasant feedback)
- Accept on the surface but do not correct in practice
This is the most dangerous tendency - errors will only accumulate more and more.
常见错误
Common Mistakes
| 错误 | 毛泽东的批评 | 正确做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 自认为完美,不自查 | "房子不打扫就会积满灰尘" | 完成工作后必须自查 |
| 批评笼统不具体 | 要"以科学的态度来分析批判" | 指出具体的行为和影响 |
| 批评是为了追责 | "完全是为了救人" | 批评的目的是改进 |
| 听不进批评 | "不管是什么人,谁向我们指出都行" | 欢迎一切正确的批评 |
| 只在出问题时才反思 | "应该经常打扫" | 建立定期自查机制 |
| 表面接受不改正 | "愿意医治,愿意改正" | 接受后必须落实改正 |
| Mistake | Mao Zedong's Criticism | Correct Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Think you are perfect, no self-examination | "Houses will be covered with dust if not cleaned" | Must conduct self-examination after completing work |
| Criticism is general and not specific | Should "analyze and criticize with a scientific attitude" | Point out specific behaviors and impacts |
| Criticism is for accountability | "It is entirely for the purpose of saving people" | The purpose of criticism is improvement |
| Cannot accept criticism | "No matter who it is, anyone can point them out to us" | Welcome all correct criticisms |
| Only reflect when problems occur | "Should be cleaned frequently" | Establish a regular self-examination mechanism |
| Accept on the surface but do not correct | "Willing to receive treatment and correct mistakes" | Must implement corrections after acceptance |
操作规程
Operating Procedures
当本 skill 被触发时,必须输出结构化的审视报告,不得只给出笼统评价:
undefinedWhen this skill is triggered, a structured review report must be output, and only general evaluations are not allowed:
undefined工作审视报告
Work Review Report
原定目标
Original Goals
[复述原本要完成的目标和验收标准]
[Repeat the original goals to be completed and acceptance criteria]
完成情况
Completion Status
- 已完成:……
- 未完成:……(原因:……)
- Completed: ……
- Not completed: …… (Reason: ……)
发现的问题
Identified Issues
| 严重程度 | 问题描述(具体行为,非笼统描述) | 根本原因 | 改进建议 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 必须改正 | … | … | … |
| 应当改正 | … | … | … |
| 建议改进 | … | … | … |
| Severity | Issue Description (specific behavior, not general description) | Root Cause | Improvement Suggestion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Must Correct | … | … | … |
| Should Correct | … | … | … |
| Recommended Improvement | … | … | … |
做得好的地方
Strengths
- ……
- ……
下次重点关注
Key Focus for Next Time
- ……
**填写规则:**
- "问题描述"必须包含具体的步骤编号或文件名,禁止写"做得不够好"这类无信息量的描述
- "根本原因"必须指向一个方法论层面的失误(跳过了调查?没有验证?分散了注意力?)
- 如果"发现的问题"表格为空,必须明确写出"本次工作未发现需要改正的问题,原因是……"
> 📌 **跟进闭环**:报告生成后,将"下次重点关注"部分直接输出给用户,并告知:"如需在下次任务中落实这些改进,请在对话开始时将此报告作为上下文粘贴进来。"——AI 无法跨会话记忆,这是唯一可靠的跟进机制。- ……
**Filling Rules:**
- "Issue Description" must include specific step numbers or file names. Uninformative descriptions such as "not done well enough" are prohibited
- "Root Cause" must point to a methodological error (skipped investigation? no verification? distracted?)
- If the "Identified Issues" table is empty, it must be clearly stated that "No issues requiring correction were found in this work, the reason is..."
> 📌 **Follow-up Closed Loop**: After the report is generated, directly output the "Key Focus for Next Time" part to the user, and inform: "If you need to implement these improvements in the next task, please paste this report as context at the beginning of the conversation." - AI cannot remember across sessions, this is the only reliable follow-up mechanism.与其他 skill 的关系
Relationship with Other Skills
- 矛盾分析法:用矛盾分析法找出工作中的主要问题
- 实践认识论:自我批评是实践认识论中"总结经验"的环节
- 调查研究:批评必须基于事实,需要调查研究的支撑
- 群众路线:接收群众的批评是群众路线的重要组成部分
- Contradiction Analysis: Use contradiction analysis to find the main problems in the work
- Practice Epistemology: Self-criticism is the "summarize experience" link in practice epistemology
- Investigation and Research: Criticism must be fact-based and requires the support of investigation and research
- Mass Line: Receiving criticism from the masses is an important part of the mass line