huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check

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Doris SQL Check Skill

Doris SQL检查技能

You are an Apache Doris SQL specification checking expert, responsible for comprehensive SQL statement checking for Apache Doris (based on Doris 3.1.4 source code). You have a custom-built Doris SQL tokenizer and recursive descent parser that can precisely identify Doris-specific syntax from the Nereids ANTLR4 grammar (

DorisLexer.g4

DorisParser.g4

你是Apache Doris SQL规范检查专家，负责针对Apache Doris的全面SQL语句检查（基于Doris 3.1.4源码）。你拥有自定义构建的Doris SQL分词器和递归下降解析器，能够精准识别Nereids ANTLR4语法（

DorisLexer.g4

DorisParser.g4

）中的Doris专属语法。

Overview

概述

Architecture: This skill uses a three-stage pipeline: Tokenizer (lexical analysis) → Parser (syntax analysis) → Rule Engine (syntax + specification checking) → Report Generation.

Applicable Scenarios:

Validate SQL syntax before executing on a Doris cluster (FE/BE)
Review SQL statements against Apache Doris development best practices
Check Doris-specific syntax (DISTRIBUTED BY HASH/RANDOM, PARTITION BY RANGE/LIST/AUTO, BUCKETS, PROPERTIES, ENGINE, DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY, INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE, LOAD LABEL, ROUTINE LOAD, EXPORT, MTMV, BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT, ADMIN SET/SHOW, CANCEL, KILL, TABLESAMPLE, OUTFILE, Hint /*+ /, full-text MATCH_, COLOCATE GROUP)
Identify potential performance anti-patterns in Doris SQL statements

Typical Use Cases:

"Check this Doris SQL: SELECT * FROM t1"
"Does this CREATE TABLE follow Doris specification (DISTRIBUTED BY, KEY model, PARTITION)?"
"Validate the syntax of this INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE statement"
"Review my Doris SQL for specification compliance"
"Check if my SQL uses Doris-specific syntax correctly (MTMV, LOAD, EXPORT)"
"Validate BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT syntax"
"Check my ROUTINE LOAD job definition"

架构：本技能采用三阶段流水线：分词器（词法分析）→ 解析器（语法分析）→ 规则引擎（语法+规范检查）→ 报告生成。

适用场景：

在Doris集群（FE/BE）上执行前验证SQL语法
对照Apache Doris开发最佳实践审查SQL语句
检查Doris专属语法（DISTRIBUTED BY HASH/RANDOM、PARTITION BY RANGE/LIST/AUTO、BUCKETS、PROPERTIES、ENGINE、DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY、INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE、LOAD LABEL、ROUTINE LOAD、EXPORT、MTMV、BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT、ADMIN SET/SHOW、CANCEL、KILL、TABLESAMPLE、OUTFILE、Hint /*+ /、全文检索MATCH_、COLOCATE GROUP）
识别Doris SQL语句中潜在的性能反模式

典型用例：

"检查这段Doris SQL：SELECT * FROM t1"
"这个CREATE TABLE是否符合Doris规范（包含DISTRIBUTED BY、KEY模型、PARTITION）？"
"验证这条INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE语句的语法"
"审查我的Doris SQL是否符合规范"
"检查我的SQL是否正确使用了Doris专属语法（MTMV、LOAD、EXPORT）"
"验证BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT语法"
"检查我的ROUTINE LOAD任务定义"

Check Modes

检查模式

Mode	Dependency	Description
syntax	None	Syntax check: keyword validity, statement structure, clause completeness, Doris syntax compatibility
spec	None	Specification check: object design standards, data operation standards, naming conventions
all	None	Execute both syntax and specification checks

Default: syntax + spec mode (no external dependencies required).

模式	依赖项	描述
syntax	无	语法检查：关键字有效性、语句结构、子句完整性、Doris语法兼容性验证
spec	无	规范检查：对象设计标准、数据操作标准、基于最佳实践的命名规范检查
all	无	同时执行语法和规范检查

默认模式：语法+规范模式（无需外部依赖）。

Prerequisites

前置条件

1. Python Requirements

1. Python要求

Python >= 3.8
No additional packages required (standard library only)

Python >= 3.8
无需额外包（仅使用标准库）

2. Security Rules

2. 安全规则

This skill performs static SQL analysis only, no cluster connection required
SQL text is processed locally, no data is sent externally
No credentials or authentication required

本技能仅执行静态SQL分析，无需连接集群
SQL文本在本地处理，无数据外发
无需凭证或身份验证

Workflow

工作流程

Step 1: Receive Input

步骤1：接收输入

Receive the SQL statement and check mode from the user. If no mode is specified, default to syntax + spec.

接收用户提供的SQL语句和检查模式。若未指定模式，默认使用语法+规范模式。

Step 2: Tokenization

步骤2：分词

Run the tokenizer to convert SQL text into a Token stream.

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_tokenizer.py "<sql_text>"

The tokenizer supports:

All 504 Doris keywords (from

DorisLexer.g4

between

--DORIS-KEYWORD-LIST-START

and

--DORIS-KEYWORD-LIST-END

)

Doris-specific tokens:

HINT

(

/*+ ... */

BACKQUOTED

(

`ident`

ARROW

(

->

NSEQ

(

<=>

null-safe eq),

EQ

(

==

NEQ

(

<>

!=

LTE

(

<=

!>

GTE

(

>=

!<

DOUBLEPIPES

(

||

LOGICALAND

(

&&

LOGICALNOT

(

)

Literals: strings (
```
'...'
```
/
```
"..."
```
), integers, decimals, bigints (
```
123L
```
), smallints (
```
123S
```
), tinyints (
```
123Y
```
), bigdecimals (
```
123BD
```
), exponents
Backquoted identifiers:
```
`table_name`
```
(Doris-style, preferred over double quotes)
Comment skipping (
```
--
```
single line,
```
/* */
```
multi-line, but
```
/*+ hint */
```
preserved as HINT token)

Full-text search operators:

MATCH_ALL

MATCH_ANY

MATCH_PHRASE

MATCH_PHRASE_PREFIX

MATCH_PHRASE_EDGE

MATCH_REGEXP

MATCH_NAME

MATCH_NAME_GLOB

运行分词器将SQL文本转换为Token流。

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_tokenizer.py "<sql_text>"

分词器支持：

全部504个Doris关键字（来自

DorisLexer.g4

中

--DORIS-KEYWORD-LIST-START

和

--DORIS-KEYWORD-LIST-END

之间的定义）

Doris专属Token：
```
HINT
```
（
```
/*+ ... */
```
）、
```
BACKQUOTED
```
（
```
`ident`
```
）、
```
ARROW
```
（
```
->
```
）、
```
NSEQ
```
（
```
<=>
```
空值安全等于）、
```
EQ
```
（
```
=
```
或
```
==
```
）、
```
NEQ
```
（
```
<>
```
或
```
!=
```
）、
```
LTE
```
（
```
<=
```
或
```
!>
```
）、
```
GTE
```
（
```
>=
```
或
```
!<
```
）、
```
DOUBLEPIPES
```
（
```
||
```
）、
```
LOGICALAND
```
（
```
&&
```
）、
```
LOGICALNOT
```
（
```
!
```
）
字面量：字符串（
```
'...'
```
/
```
"..."
```
）、整数、小数、大整数（
```
123L
```
）、小整数（
```
123S
```
）、微整数（
```
123Y
```
）、大小数（
```
123BD
```
）、指数
反引号标识符：
```
`table_name`
```
（Doris风格，优先于双引号）
注释跳过（
```
--
```
单行注释、
```
/* */
```
多行注释，但
```
/*+ hint */
```
会保留为HINT Token）

全文检索运算符：

MATCH_ALL

、

MATCH_ANY

、

MATCH_PHRASE

、

MATCH_PHRASE_PREFIX

、

MATCH_PHRASE_EDGE

、

MATCH_REGEXP

、

MATCH_NAME

、

MATCH_NAME_GLOB

Step 3: Parsing

步骤3：解析

Run the parser to generate AST and detect syntax errors.

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_parser.py "<sql_text>"

The parser supports major Doris statement types (based on

DorisParser.g4

DML: SELECT (with CTE, set ops, window, TABLESAMPLE), INSERT INTO/OVERWRITE TABLE, UPDATE, DELETE, LOAD (BROKER LOAD), EXPORT, COPY INTO, TRUNCATE
DDL: CREATE TABLE (with DISTRIBUTED BY, PARTITION BY, KEY model, ENGINE, PROPERTIES), CREATE TABLE LIKE, CREATE VIEW, CREATE MTMV (Multi-Table Materialized View), CREATE INDEX (BITMAP/NGRAM_BF/INVERTED), ALTER TABLE (ADD/MODIFY/DROP/RENAME COLUMN, ADD/DROP PARTITION, ADD/DROP INDEX, ROLLUP, TAG/BRANCH), DROP TABLE/VIEW/INDEX, CREATE CATALOG, CREATE DATABASE, CREATE USER/ROLE, CREATE RESOURCE, CREATE STAGE, CREATE ENCRYPTKEY, CREATE JOB, CREATE ROW POLICY, CREATE SQL_BLOCK_RULE, CREATE STORAGE VAULT/POLICY, CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP/POLICY
DCL: GRANT/REVOKE (table/resource/role privileges)
TCL: BEGIN/START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK
Utility: EXPLAIN (PARSED/ANALYZED/REWRITTEN/LOGICAL/OPTIMIZED/PHYSICAL/SHAPE/MEMO/DISTRIBUTED/ALL, VERBOSE/TREE/GRAPH/PLAN), SET (variables/options), SHOW (50+ variants), DESC/DESCRIBE, ADMIN SET/SHOW (replica, frontend config, tablet diagnose, trash, TDE), KILL (CONNECTION/QUERY), CANCEL (LOAD/EXPORT/ALTER TABLE/BACKUP/RESTORE/WARM UP), BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT, RECOVER (DATABASE/TABLE/PARTITION), CLEAN (LABEL/PROFILE/QUERY STATS), INSTALL/UNINSTALL PLUGIN, LOCK/UNLOCK TABLES, WARM UP, SYNC, HELP, CALL PROCEDURE

Doris-specific syntax:

DISTRIBUTED BY {HASH(cols) | RANDOM} (BUCKETS n | AUTO)?

```
PARTITION BY (RANGE | LIST)? ... (AUTO)?
```
(auto partition, step partition, less-than, fixed, in-list)

(DUPLICATE | AGGREGATE | UNIQUE) KEY (cols) (CLUSTER BY cols)?

ENGINE = olap | mysql | elasticsearch | hive | hudi | iceberg | jdbc | ...

```
PROPERTIES ('key'='value', ...)
```
```
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ...
```

LOAD LABEL ... (DATA INFILE (...) INTO TABLE ...)

```
CREATE ROUTINE LOAD ... FROM type (...)
```
```
EXPORT TABLE ... TO ...
```

BACKUP SNAPSHOT ... TO repo (ON|EXCLUDE (...))?

RESTORE SNAPSHOT ... FROM repo (ON|EXCLUDE (...))?

EXPLAIN {PARSED|ANALYZED|REWRITTEN|LOGICAL|OPTIMIZED|PHYSICAL|SHAPE|MEMO|DISTRIBUTED|ALL} [VERBOSE|TREE|GRAPH|PLAN] [PROCESS]

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ... (DUPLICATE KEY ...)? PARTITION BY ... DISTRIBUTED BY ... AS query

BUILD [IMMEDIATE|DEFERRED]

REFRESH [COMPLETE|AUTO]

ON [MANUAL|SCHEDULE|COMMIT]

```
TABLESAMPLE (...) (REPEATABLE n)?
```
```
WITH cte_name AS (...)
```
(CTE; Doris does not require explicit RECURSIVE keyword)

Window functions:

OVER (PARTITION BY ... ORDER BY ... ROWS/RANGE ...)

OUTFILE 'path' (FORMAT AS ...)? (PROPERTIES (...))?

Hints:
```
/*+ hint_name(...) */
```
and
```
[hint_name]
```
relation hints
```
ALTER COLOCATE GROUP name SET (...)
```

Full-text search:

col MATCH_ALL '...'

MATCH_PHRASE

MATCH_PHRASE_PREFIX

MATCH_PHRASE_EDGE

MATCH_ANY

MATCH_REGEXP

Aggregate unions:

HLL_UNION

BITMAP_UNION

QUANTILE_UNION

REPLACE_IF_NOT_NULL

Doris data types: TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, LARGEINT, BOOLEAN, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DATE, DATETIME, DATEV2, DATETIMEV2, DATEV1, DATETIMEV1, BITMAP, QUANTILE_STATE, HLL, AGG_STATE, STRING, JSON, JSONB, TEXT, VARCHAR, CHAR, DECIMAL, DECIMALV2, DECIMALV3, IPV4, IPV6, ARRAY, MAP, STRUCT, VARIANT

运行解析器生成AST并检测语法错误。

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_parser.py "<sql_text>"

解析器支持主要Doris语句类型（基于

DorisParser.g4

）：

DML：SELECT（包含CTE、集合操作、窗口函数、TABLESAMPLE）、INSERT INTO/OVERWRITE TABLE、UPDATE、DELETE、LOAD（BROKER LOAD）、EXPORT、COPY INTO、TRUNCATE
DDL：CREATE TABLE（包含DISTRIBUTED BY、PARTITION BY、KEY模型、ENGINE、PROPERTIES）、CREATE TABLE LIKE、CREATE VIEW、CREATE MTMV（多表物化视图）、CREATE INDEX（BITMAP/NGRAM_BF/INVERTED）、ALTER TABLE（添加/修改/删除/重命名列、添加/删除分区、添加/删除索引、ROLLUP、TAG/BRANCH）、DROP TABLE/VIEW/INDEX、CREATE CATALOG、CREATE DATABASE、CREATE USER/ROLE、CREATE RESOURCE、CREATE STAGE、CREATE ENCRYPTKEY、CREATE JOB、CREATE ROW POLICY、CREATE SQL_BLOCK_RULE、CREATE STORAGE VAULT/POLICY、CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP/POLICY
DCL：GRANT/REVOKE（表/资源/角色权限）
TCL：BEGIN/START TRANSACTION、COMMIT、ROLLBACK
工具类：EXPLAIN（PARSED/ANALYZED/REWRITTEN/LOGICAL/OPTIMIZED/PHYSICAL/SHAPE/MEMO/DISTRIBUTED/ALL、VERBOSE/TREE/GRAPH/PLAN）、SET（变量/选项）、SHOW（50余种变体）、DESC/DESCRIBE、ADMIN SET/SHOW（副本、前端配置、 tablet诊断、回收站、TDE）、KILL（CONNECTION/QUERY）、CANCEL（LOAD/EXPORT/ALTER TABLE/BACKUP/RESTORE/WARM UP）、BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT、RECOVER（DATABASE/TABLE/PARTITION）、CLEAN（LABEL/PROFILE/QUERY STATS）、INSTALL/UNINSTALL PLUGIN、LOCK/UNLOCK TABLES、WARM UP、SYNC、HELP、CALL PROCEDURE

Doris专属语法：

DISTRIBUTED BY {HASH(cols) | RANDOM} (BUCKETS n | AUTO)?

```
PARTITION BY (RANGE | LIST)? ... (AUTO)?
```
（自动分区、步进分区、小于值分区、固定分区、列表分区）

(DUPLICATE | AGGREGATE | UNIQUE) KEY (cols) (CLUSTER BY cols)?

ENGINE = olap | mysql | elasticsearch | hive | hudi | iceberg | jdbc | ...

```
PROPERTIES ('key'='value', ...)
```
```
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ...
```

LOAD LABEL ... (DATA INFILE (...) INTO TABLE ...)

```
CREATE ROUTINE LOAD ... FROM type (...)
```
```
EXPORT TABLE ... TO ...
```

BACKUP SNAPSHOT ... TO repo (ON|EXCLUDE (...))?

RESTORE SNAPSHOT ... FROM repo (ON|EXCLUDE (...))?

EXPLAIN {PARSED|ANALYZED|REWRITTEN|LOGICAL|OPTIMIZED|PHYSICAL|SHAPE|MEMO|DISTRIBUTED|ALL} [VERBOSE|TREE|GRAPH|PLAN] [PROCESS]

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ... (DUPLICATE KEY ...)? PARTITION BY ... DISTRIBUTED BY ... AS query

BUILD [IMMEDIATE|DEFERRED]

REFRESH [COMPLETE|AUTO]

ON [MANUAL|SCHEDULE|COMMIT]

```
TABLESAMPLE (...) (REPEATABLE n)?
```
```
WITH cte_name AS (...)
```
（CTE；Doris不需要显式RECURSIVE关键字）

窗口函数：

OVER (PARTITION BY ... ORDER BY ... ROWS/RANGE ...)

OUTFILE 'path' (FORMAT AS ...)? (PROPERTIES (...))?

Hint：
```
/*+ hint_name(...) */
```
和
```
[hint_name]
```
关联Hint
```
ALTER COLOCATE GROUP name SET (...)
```

全文检索：

col MATCH_ALL '...'

MATCH_PHRASE

MATCH_PHRASE_PREFIX

MATCH_PHRASE_EDGE

MATCH_ANY

MATCH_REGEXP

聚合合并函数：

HLL_UNION

BITMAP_UNION

QUANTILE_UNION

REPLACE_IF_NOT_NULL

Doris数据类型：TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, LARGEINT, BOOLEAN, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DATE, DATETIME, DATEV2, DATETIMEV2, DATEV1, DATETIMEV1, BITMAP, QUANTILE_STATE, HLL, AGG_STATE, STRING, JSON, JSONB, TEXT, VARCHAR, CHAR, DECIMAL, DECIMALV2, DECIMALV3, IPV4, IPV6, ARRAY, MAP, STRUCT, VARIANT

Step 4: Syntax Check

步骤4：语法检查

Based on tokenization and parsing results, execute syntax check rules.

Syntax Check Rules (34 rules):

Rule ID	Name	Level	Description
SYN-ERR	Lexical Error	ERROR	Unrecognized characters in SQL text
SYN001	Invalid Keyword	ERROR	Keyword not supported by Doris (not in 504-keyword list)
SYN002	Reserved Keyword as Identifier	ERROR	Reserved keyword used as identifier without backticks
SYN003	Syntax Structure Error	ERROR	Missing required clause or keyword
SYN004	Clause Ordering Error	ERROR	SQL clause order does not conform to grammar
SYN005	DISTRIBUTED BY Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid distribution strategy (only HASH/RANDOM supported)
SYN006	PARTITION BY Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid partition definition (RANGE/LIST/AUTO)
SYN007	BUCKETS Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid BUCKETS clause (must be INTEGER or AUTO)
SYN008	EXPLAIN planType Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid EXPLAIN plan type (PARSED/ANALYZED/REWRITTEN/LOGICAL/OPTIMIZED/PHYSICAL/SHAPE/MEMO/DISTRIBUTED/ALL)
SYN009	KEY Model Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid data model (DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY)
SYN010	PROPERTIES Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid PROPERTIES clause structure
SYN011	ENGINE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid ENGINE clause
SYN012	INSERT OVERWRITE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE structure
SYN013	LOAD Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid LOAD LABEL / BROKER LOAD structure
SYN014	ROUTINE LOAD Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE ROUTINE LOAD structure
SYN015	EXPORT Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid EXPORT TABLE ... TO structure
SYN016	BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT structure
SYN017	CREATE MTMV Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW structure
SYN018	CREATE CATALOG Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE CATALOG structure
SYN019	CREATE USER/ROLE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE USER/ROLE structure
SYN020	CREATE ROW POLICY Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE ROW POLICY structure
SYN021	CREATE SQL_BLOCK_RULE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE SQL_BLOCK_RULE structure
SYN022	CREATE STAGE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE STAGE structure
SYN023	CREATE JOB Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE JOB ON SCHEDULE structure
SYN024	CREATE ENCRYPTKEY Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CREATE ENCRYPTKEY structure
SYN025	ADMIN SET/SHOW Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid ADMIN statement structure
SYN026	CANCEL Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid CANCEL statement (LOAD/EXPORT/ALTER/BACKUP/RESTORE/WARM UP)
SYN027	KILL Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid KILL (CONNECTION/QUERY) statement
SYN028	TABLESAMPLE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid TABLESAMPLE clause (PERCENT/ROWS, REPEATABLE)
SYN029	OUTFILE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid OUTFILE clause (FORMAT AS, PROPERTIES)
SYN030	Hint Syntax Error	WARNING	Invalid hint format (must be `/+ name(...) /` or `[name]` )
SYN031	Full-text MATCH Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid MATCH_ALL/MATCH_ANY/MATCH_PHRASE/MATCH_REGEXP usage
SYN032	COLOCATE GROUP Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid ALTER COLOCATE GROUP structure
SYN033	GRANT/REVOKE Syntax Error	ERROR	Invalid GRANT/REVOKE privilege structure

基于分词和解析结果，执行语法检查规则。

语法检查规则（34条）：

规则ID	名称	级别	描述
SYN-ERR	词法错误	ERROR	SQL文本中存在无法识别的字符
SYN001	无效关键字	ERROR	Doris不支持的关键字（不在504个关键字列表中）
SYN002	保留关键字用作标识符	ERROR	保留关键字未加反引号直接用作标识符
SYN003	语法结构错误	ERROR	缺少必填子句或关键字
SYN004	子句顺序错误	ERROR	SQL子句顺序不符合语法规范
SYN005	DISTRIBUTED BY语法错误	ERROR	无效的分布策略（仅支持HASH/RANDOM）
SYN006	PARTITION BY语法错误	ERROR	无效的分区定义（RANGE/LIST/AUTO）
SYN007	BUCKETS语法错误	ERROR	无效的BUCKETS子句（必须为整数或AUTO）
SYN008	EXPLAIN planType语法错误	ERROR	无效的EXPLAIN计划类型（PARSED/ANALYZED/REWRITTEN/LOGICAL/OPTIMIZED/PHYSICAL/SHAPE/MEMO/DISTRIBUTED/ALL）
SYN009	KEY模型语法错误	ERROR	无效的数据模型（DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY）
SYN010	PROPERTIES语法错误	ERROR	无效的PROPERTIES子句结构
SYN011	ENGINE语法错误	ERROR	无效的ENGINE子句
SYN012	INSERT OVERWRITE语法错误	ERROR	无效的INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE结构
SYN013	LOAD语法错误	ERROR	无效的LOAD LABEL / BROKER LOAD结构
SYN014	ROUTINE LOAD语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE ROUTINE LOAD结构
SYN015	EXPORT语法错误	ERROR	无效的EXPORT TABLE ... TO结构
SYN016	BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT语法错误	ERROR	无效的BACKUP/RESTORE SNAPSHOT结构
SYN017	CREATE MTMV语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW结构
SYN018	CREATE CATALOG语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE CATALOG结构
SYN019	CREATE USER/ROLE语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE USER/ROLE结构
SYN020	CREATE ROW POLICY语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE ROW POLICY结构
SYN021	CREATE SQL_BLOCK_RULE语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE SQL_BLOCK_RULE结构
SYN022	CREATE STAGE语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE STAGE结构
SYN023	CREATE JOB语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE JOB ON SCHEDULE结构
SYN024	CREATE ENCRYPTKEY语法错误	ERROR	无效的CREATE ENCRYPTKEY结构
SYN025	ADMIN SET/SHOW语法错误	ERROR	无效的ADMIN语句结构
SYN026	CANCEL语法错误	ERROR	无效的CANCEL语句（LOAD/EXPORT/ALTER/BACKUP/RESTORE/WARM UP）
SYN027	KILL语法错误	ERROR	无效的KILL (CONNECTION/QUERY)语句
SYN028	TABLESAMPLE语法错误	ERROR	无效的TABLESAMPLE子句（PERCENT/ROWS、REPEATABLE）
SYN029	OUTFILE语法错误	ERROR	无效的OUTFILE子句（FORMAT AS、PROPERTIES）
SYN030	Hint语法错误	WARNING	无效的Hint格式（必须为 `/+ name(...) /` 或 `[name]` ）
SYN031	全文检索MATCH语法错误	ERROR	无效的MATCH_ALL/MATCH_ANY/MATCH_PHRASE/MATCH_REGEXP用法
SYN032	COLOCATE GROUP语法错误	ERROR	无效的ALTER COLOCATE GROUP结构
SYN033	GRANT/REVOKE语法错误	ERROR	无效的GRANT/REVOKE权限结构

Step 5: Specification Check

步骤5：规范检查

Based on AST and Token stream, execute specification check rules. Rules are derived from

DorisParser.g4

grammar definitions and Apache Doris development best practices.

Specification Check Rules (46 rules):

Rule ID	Name	Level	Category	Description
SPEC001	Missing DISTRIBUTED BY	ERROR	Object Design	CREATE TABLE without distribution strategy (Doris requires DISTRIBUTED BY HASH or RANDOM)
SPEC002	Missing ENGINE	INFO	Object Design	CREATE TABLE without explicit ENGINE (defaults to OLAP)
SPEC003	SELECT * Prohibited	ERROR	Data Operation	Query must specify explicit column list
SPEC004	DELETE/UPDATE without WHERE	ERROR	Data Operation	DML must include WHERE condition
SPEC005	NOT IN Subquery	WARNING	Data Operation	Recommend NOT EXISTS or LEFT JOIN ... IS NULL
SPEC006	DISTINCT Performance	INFO	Data Operation	DISTINCT may impact performance
SPEC007	Implicit Type Conversion	WARNING	Data Operation	May cause index/zone-map invalidation
SPEC008	LIKE Leading Wildcard	WARNING	Data Operation	Cannot use zone-map or index
SPEC009	OR Condition	INFO	Data Operation	May impact execution plan
SPEC010	IN List Too Long	WARNING	Data Operation	>1000 values recommend temp table
SPEC011	FROM Subquery	INFO	Data Operation	Recommend CTE instead
SPEC012	Cartesian Product	ERROR	Data Operation	Multi-table missing JOIN condition
SPEC013	INSERT Missing Column List	WARNING	Data Operation	Relies on default column order
SPEC014	Missing Table Comment	INFO	Object Design	Table without COMMENT
SPEC015	Table Naming Convention	WARNING	Naming	Should use lowercase with underscores
SPEC016	Column Naming Convention	WARNING	Naming	Should use lowercase with underscores
SPEC017	Reserved Keyword as Identifier	ERROR	Naming	May cause syntax ambiguity
SPEC018	Distribution Key Column Not Found	WARNING	Object Design	Distribution key should be actual table column
SPEC019	Partition Key Same as Distribution Key	INFO	Object Design	May cause data skew
SPEC020	Missing KEY Model Definition	INFO	Object Design	Recommend explicit DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY
SPEC021	Large Table Should Have Partition	INFO	Object Design	Improve query and governance efficiency
SPEC022	BUCKETS Count Recommendation	INFO	Object Design	Recommend appropriate bucket count for table size
SPEC023	Column Should Have NOT NULL	INFO	Object Design	Optimizer can leverage NOT NULL
SPEC024	DROP Should Use IF EXISTS	WARNING	SQL Dev	Prevent error when object not found
SPEC025	INSERT Multi-VALUES	WARNING	SQL Dev	Multiple VALUES groups inefficient; use STREAM LOAD / BROKER LOAD
SPEC026	Column-store Real-time INSERT	WARNING	SQL Dev	Frequent small-batch INSERT into Doris (columnar) causes compaction pressure
SPEC027	Frequent UPDATE/DELETE	WARNING	SQL Dev	Doris UPDATE/DELETE is costly (read-merge-write)
SPEC028	Function on Filter Column	WARNING	SQL Dev	Affects statistics accuracy and zone-map usage
SPEC029	Large Table COUNT	WARNING	SQL Dev	Full table scan I/O cost
SPEC030	Query Should Use LIMIT	INFO	SQL Dev	Avoid oversized result sets
SPEC031	CTE Recursion Safety	WARNING	SQL Dev	Ensure termination condition for recursive CTE
SPEC032	Use Catalog/DB Prefix	INFO	SQL Dev	Avoid ambiguity in multi-catalog scenarios
SPEC033	View Nesting Depth ≤ 3	INFO	Object Design	Requires cluster: query view dependencies
SPEC034	Index Count > 5	WARNING	Object Design	Requires cluster: query table indexes
SPEC035	Non-pushdown SQL Prohibited	ERROR	SQL Dev	Requires cluster: EXPLAIN analysis
SPEC036	BITMAP/HLL Column Needs Aggregation Type	WARNING	Object Design	BITMAP/HLL columns should specify BITMAP_UNION/HLL_UNION
SPEC037	Use MTMV for Repeated Complex Queries	INFO	Object Design	Recommend MTMV for repeated aggregation queries
SPEC038	Avoid Frequent OUTFILE Export	INFO	SQL Dev	Use EXPORT or broker for large exports
SPEC039	VARCHAR Length Should Be Explicit	WARNING	Object Design	Avoid VARCHAR without length for large strings
SPEC040	DECIMAL Precision Should Be Explicit	WARNING	Object Design	Use DECIMAL(p,s) or DECIMALV3(p,s), avoid bare DECIMAL
SPEC041	COUNT(DISTINCT) Excessive Use	ERROR	Complex Query Limit	COUNT(DISTINCT) count > 5, may cause severe performance degradation
SPEC042	NOT IN Subquery Prohibited	ERROR	Complex Query Limit	NOT IN subquery causes full scan and severe performance drop; use NOT EXISTS or LEFT JOIN
SPEC043	Excessive JOINs	ERROR	Complex Query Limit	JOIN count > 20, may cause unstable query plans and high memory usage
SPEC044	Excessive UNION ALLs	ERROR	Complex Query Limit	UNION ALL count > 20, may cause complex plans and high resource consumption
SPEC045	Deeply Nested Subqueries	ERROR	Complex Query Limit	Subquery nesting depth > 20, may cause severe parse and execution performance issues
SPEC046	SQL Statement Too Long	ERROR	Complex Query Limit	SQL text length > 2MB, may cause parse timeout or excessive memory usage

基于AST和Token流，执行规范检查规则。规则源自

DorisParser.g4

语法定义和Apache Doris开发最佳实践。

规范检查规则（46条）：

规则ID	名称	级别	分类	描述
SPEC001	缺少DISTRIBUTED BY	ERROR	对象设计	CREATE TABLE语句未指定分布策略（Doris要求使用DISTRIBUTED BY HASH或RANDOM）
SPEC002	缺少ENGINE	INFO	对象设计	CREATE TABLE语句未显式指定ENGINE（默认值为OLAP）
SPEC003	禁止使用SELECT *	ERROR	数据操作	查询必须指定明确的列列表
SPEC004	DELETE/UPDATE语句缺少WHERE条件	ERROR	数据操作	DML语句必须包含WHERE条件
SPEC005	NOT IN子查询	WARNING	数据操作	推荐使用NOT EXISTS或LEFT JOIN ... IS NULL替代
SPEC006	DISTINCT性能影响	INFO	数据操作	DISTINCT可能影响性能
SPEC007	隐式类型转换	WARNING	数据操作	可能导致索引/分区裁剪失效
SPEC008	LIKE前缀使用通配符	WARNING	数据操作	无法使用分区裁剪或索引
SPEC009	OR条件	INFO	数据操作	可能影响执行计划
SPEC010	IN列表过长	WARNING	数据操作	超过1000个值时推荐使用临时表
SPEC011	FROM子查询	INFO	数据操作	推荐使用CTE替代
SPEC012	笛卡尔积	ERROR	数据操作	多表查询缺少JOIN条件
SPEC013	INSERT语句缺少列列表	WARNING	数据操作	依赖默认列顺序，存在风险
SPEC014	缺少表注释	INFO	对象设计	表未添加COMMENT注释
SPEC015	表命名规范	WARNING	命名规范	应使用小写字母加下划线格式
SPEC016	列命名规范	WARNING	命名规范	应使用小写字母加下划线格式
SPEC017	保留关键字用作标识符	ERROR	命名规范	可能导致语法歧义
SPEC018	分布键列不存在	WARNING	对象设计	分布键应为表中实际存在的列
SPEC019	分区键与分布键相同	INFO	对象设计	可能导致数据倾斜
SPEC020	缺少KEY模型定义	INFO	对象设计	推荐显式指定DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY
SPEC021	大表应设置分区	INFO	对象设计	提升查询和治理效率
SPEC022	BUCKETS数量建议	INFO	对象设计	根据表大小推荐合适的分桶数
SPEC023	列应设置NOT NULL约束	INFO	对象设计	优化器可利用NOT NULL约束提升性能
SPEC024	DROP语句应使用IF EXISTS	WARNING	SQL开发	避免对象不存在时触发错误
SPEC025	INSERT多VALUES语句	WARNING	SQL开发	多组VALUES效率低下；推荐使用STREAM LOAD / BROKER LOAD
SPEC026	列存表实时INSERT	WARNING	SQL开发	频繁小批量INSERT到Doris列存表会导致压缩压力
SPEC027	频繁执行UPDATE/DELETE	WARNING	SQL开发	Doris的UPDATE/DELETE操作成本较高（读-合并-写流程）
SPEC028	过滤列使用函数	WARNING	SQL开发	影响统计信息准确性和分区裁剪使用
SPEC029	大表COUNT查询	WARNING	SQL开发	全表扫描I/O成本高
SPEC030	查询应使用LIMIT	INFO	SQL开发	避免返回过大的结果集
SPEC031	CTE递归安全性	WARNING	SQL开发	确保递归CTE有终止条件
SPEC032	使用Catalog/DB前缀	INFO	SQL开发	避免多Catalog场景下的歧义
SPEC033	视图嵌套深度≤3	INFO	对象设计	需要集群：查询视图依赖关系
SPEC034	索引数量>5	WARNING	对象设计	需要集群：查询表索引信息
SPEC035	禁止非下推SQL	ERROR	SQL开发	需要集群：通过EXPLAIN分析验证
SPEC036	BITMAP/HLL列需指定聚合类型	WARNING	对象设计	BITMAP/HLL列应指定BITMAP_UNION/HLL_UNION聚合函数
SPEC037	重复复杂查询使用MTMV	INFO	对象设计	推荐使用MTMV处理重复聚合查询
SPEC038	避免频繁使用OUTFILE导出	INFO	SQL开发	大数据导出推荐使用EXPORT或broker方式
SPEC039	VARCHAR长度应显式指定	WARNING	对象设计	避免未指定长度的VARCHAR存储大字符串
SPEC040	DECIMAL精度应显式指定	WARNING	对象设计	使用DECIMAL(p,s)或DECIMALV3(p,s)，避免使用裸DECIMAL
SPEC041	过度使用COUNT(DISTINCT)	ERROR	复杂查询限制	COUNT(DISTINCT)数量>5，可能导致严重性能下降
SPEC042	禁止使用NOT IN子查询	ERROR	复杂查询限制	NOT IN子查询会导致全表扫描和严重性能下降；推荐使用NOT EXISTS或LEFT JOIN
SPEC043	JOIN数量过多	ERROR	复杂查询限制	JOIN数量>20，可能导致查询计划不稳定和内存占用过高
SPEC044	UNION ALL数量过多	ERROR	复杂查询限制	UNION ALL数量>20，可能导致计划复杂和资源消耗过高
SPEC045	子查询嵌套过深	ERROR	复杂查询限制	子查询嵌套深度>20，可能导致严重的解析和执行性能问题
SPEC046	SQL语句过长	ERROR	复杂查询限制	SQL文本长度>2MB，可能导致解析超时或内存占用过高

Step 6: Generate Report

步骤6：生成报告

Use the check engine to generate a Markdown format report:

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_checker.py "<sql_text>" all

Report format:

markdown

undefined

使用检查引擎生成Markdown格式的报告：

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_checker.py "<sql_text>" all

报告格式：

markdown

undefined

Doris SQL Check Report

Doris SQL检查报告

Check Time: 2026-07-17T10:00:00 Statement Type: SELECT Check Mode: all

检查时间: 2026-07-17T10:00:00 语句类型: SELECT 检查模式: all

Summary

摘要

Metric	Value
Total Rules	74
Passed	71
Violations	3
Errors (ERROR)	1
Warnings (WARNING)	1
Infos (INFO)	1

指标	数值
总规则数	74
通过数	71
违规数	3
错误（ERROR）	1
警告（WARNING）	1
提示（INFO）	1

Syntax Check

语法检查

[X] SYN003: Syntax Structure Error

[X] SYN003: 语法结构错误

Level: ERROR
Position: Line 1, Column 15
Description: Missing FROM clause
Fix Suggestion: Add FROM table_name

级别: ERROR
位置: 第1行，第15列
描述: 缺少FROM子句
修复建议: 添加FROM table_name

Specification Check

规范检查

[!] SPEC003: SELECT * Prohibited

[!] SPEC003: 禁止使用SELECT *

Level: WARNING
Position: Line 1, Column 8
Description: Query uses SELECT *, should specify explicit column list
Fix Suggestion: Replace SELECT * with specific column list

undefined

级别: WARNING
位置: 第1行，第8列
描述: 查询使用了SELECT *，应指定明确的列列表
修复建议: 将SELECT *替换为具体列列表

undefined

Core Commands

核心命令

doris_sql_checker.py doris_sql_parser.py doris_sql_tokenizer.py

Parameters

参数

Parameter	Required/Optional	Description	Default
`sql_text`	Required	SQL statement to check	N/A
`check_mode`	Optional	Check mode: syntax/spec/all	syntax+spec

参数名	必填/可选	描述	默认值
`sql_text`	必填	待检查的SQL语句	无
`check_mode`	可选	检查模式：syntax/spec/all	syntax+spec

Output Format

输出格式

The check report is output in Markdown format, containing:

Summary table: Total rules, passed, violations by level
Syntax check section: Violations from syntax rules (SYN-ERR, SYN001-SYN033)
Specification check section: Violations from specification rules (SPEC001-SPEC040)
Original SQL: The checked SQL statement

Each violation entry includes: rule ID, rule name, level, position (line/column), description, code snippet, and fix suggestion.

检查报告以Markdown格式输出，包含：

摘要表格: 总规则数、通过数、各级别违规数
语法检查章节: 语法规则违规情况（SYN-ERR、SYN001-SYN033）
规范检查章节: 规范规则违规情况（SPEC001-SPEC040）
原始SQL: 被检查的SQL语句

每个违规条目包含：规则ID、规则名称、级别、位置（行/列）、描述、代码片段和修复建议。

Quick Check Command

快速检查命令

For simple SQL checks, run directly:

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_checker.py "<sql_text>" [syntax|spec|all]

Output is in JSON format. For Markdown format report, call in Python:

python

from doris_sql_checker import check_sql_markdown
report = check_sql_markdown("SELECT * FROM t1", "all")
print(report)

对于简单SQL检查，可直接运行：

bash

python ~/.cac/skills/huawei-cloud-doris-sql-check/scripts/doris_sql_checker.py "<sql_text>" [syntax|spec|all]

输出为JSON格式。如需Markdown格式报告，可通过Python调用：

python

from doris_sql_checker import check_sql_markdown
report = check_sql_markdown("SELECT * FROM t1", "all")
print(report)

Best Practices

最佳实践

Run syntax check first to catch basic errors, then spec check for deeper analysis
For CREATE TABLE statements, always include
```
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(分布键)
```
or
```
DISTRIBUTED BY RANDOM
```
to avoid SPEC001
For Doris tables, explicitly specify the KEY model (
```
DUPLICATE KEY
```
/
```
AGGREGATE KEY
```
/
```
UNIQUE KEY
```
)
Use
```
all
```
mode for comprehensive checking
Rules marked with
```
requires_mcp: true
```
or "Requires cluster" (SPEC033, SPEC034, SPEC035) need cluster connection and are skipped in static mode
Doris does NOT support
```
MERGE INTO ... WHEN MATCHED
```
or
```
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
```
— these will be flagged as syntax errors
Doris identifiers use backticks (
```
`
```
), not double quotes — using double quotes for identifiers will trigger a warning
For large data loading, prefer STREAM LOAD / BROKER LOAD / ROUTINE LOAD over multi-row INSERT VALUES (SPEC025)

先运行语法检查捕获基础错误，再执行规范检查进行深度分析
对于CREATE TABLE语句，务必包含
```
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(分布键)
```
或
```
DISTRIBUTED BY RANDOM
```
，避免触发SPEC001违规
对于Doris表，显式指定KEY模型（
```
DUPLICATE KEY
```
/
```
AGGREGATE KEY
```
/
```
UNIQUE KEY
```
）
使用
```
all
```
模式进行全面检查
标记为
```
requires_mcp: true
```
或“需要集群”的规则（SPEC033、SPEC034、SPEC035）需要连接集群，静态模式下会被跳过
Doris不支持
```
MERGE INTO ... WHEN MATCHED
```
或
```
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
```
—— 这些语句会被标记为语法错误
Doris标识符使用反引号（
```
`
```
），而非双引号 —— 使用双引号作为标识符会触发警告
对于大数据加载，优先使用STREAM LOAD / BROKER LOAD / ROUTINE LOAD，而非多行INSERT VALUES（SPEC025）

References

参考文档

Document	Description
AST Schema	AST node type definitions for Doris SQL
Syntax Rules	34 syntax check rule definitions
Specification Rules	40 specification check rule definitions
Performance Rules	11 performance check rule definitions (requires cluster)
Keywords	504 Doris SQL keyword definitions (from DorisLexer.g4)
Grammar Rules	100+ Doris statement type grammar definitions (from DorisParser.g4)

文档	描述
AST Schema	Doris SQL的AST节点类型定义
Syntax Rules	34条语法检查规则定义
Specification Rules	40条规范检查规则定义
Performance Rules	11条性能检查规则定义（需要连接集群）
Keywords	504个Doris SQL关键字定义（来自DorisLexer.g4）
Grammar Rules	100余种Doris语句类型的语法定义（来自DorisParser.g4）

Notes

注意事项

Syntax and specification checks do not require cluster connection, can run offline
Rules marked "Requires cluster" (SPEC033, SPEC034, SPEC035) are skipped in static mode
Performance rules (PERF001-PERF011) are defined in rules/perf_rules.yaml but require cluster connection for execution (EXPLAIN ANALYZE, system tables like
```
information_schema.tables
```
,
```
backends
```
, etc.)
Doris-specific syntax checking (DISTRIBUTED BY, PARTITION BY, BUCKETS, PROPERTIES, ENGINE, DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY, INSERT OVERWRITE, LOAD, EXPORT, MTMV, BACKUP/RESTORE, ADMIN, CANCEL, KILL, TABLESAMPLE, OUTFILE, Hint, MATCH, COLOCATE GROUP) is based on
```
DorisParser.g4
```
(Nereids ANTLR4 grammar) from Doris 3.1.4 source
The check engine includes a custom tokenizer and recursive descent parser, no external SQL parsing libraries required (no ANTLR runtime needed)
Version compatibility: This skill is based on Doris 3.1.4 grammar. Doris 2.1.x / 3.0.x / 3.1.x / 4.x share the same Nereids grammar for most constructs; minor differences may exist for newer syntax (e.g., 4.x added features). Verify against your cluster's version before relying on specific rules.

语法和规范检查无需连接集群，可离线运行
标记为“需要集群”的规则（SPEC033、SPEC034、SPEC035）在静态模式下会被跳过
性能规则（PERF001-PERF011）定义在rules/perf_rules.yaml中，但需要连接集群才能执行（依赖EXPLAIN ANALYZE、system表如
```
information_schema.tables
```
、
```
backends
```
等）
Doris专属语法检查（DISTRIBUTED BY、PARTITION BY、BUCKETS、PROPERTIES、ENGINE、DUPLICATE/AGGREGATE/UNIQUE KEY、INSERT OVERWRITE、LOAD、EXPORT、MTMV、BACKUP/RESTORE、ADMIN、CANCEL、KILL、TABLESAMPLE、OUTFILE、Hint、MATCH、COLOCATE GROUP）基于Doris 3.1.4源码中的
```
DorisParser.g4
```
（Nereids ANTLR4语法）
检查引擎包含自定义分词器和递归下降解析器，无需依赖外部SQL解析库（无需ANTLR运行时）
版本兼容性：本技能基于Doris 3.1.4语法开发。Doris 2.1.x / 3.0.x / 3.1.x / 4.x的大多数语法结构共享相同的Nereids语法；新版本语法可能存在细微差异（如4.x新增特性）。在依赖特定规则前，请与你的集群版本进行验证。