{{ product.title | upcase }}                    {# Output with filter #}
{% if product.available %}In stock{% endif %}   {# Logic tag #}
{% assign sale = product.price | times: 0.8 %}  {# Assignment #}
{%- if condition -%}Stripped whitespace{%- endif -%}

{% for product in collection.products limit: 5 %}
  {% render 'product-card', product: product %}
{% endfor %}

{% paginate collection.products by 12 %}
  {% for product in paginate.collection.products %}...{% endfor %}
  {{ paginate | default_pagination }}
{% endpaginate %}

// GraphQL Admin - always use GraphQL over REST
const response = await fetch(
  `https://${store}.myshopify.com/admin/api/2026-01/graphql.json`,
  {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      'X-Shopify-Access-Token': accessToken,
      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({ query, variables }),
  }
);
const { data, errors } = await response.json();
if (errors) throw new Error(errors[0].message);

// Ajax API (theme-only cart operations)
fetch('/cart/add.js', {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  body: JSON.stringify({ id: variantId, quantity: 1 }),
});