writing-principles

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Chinese

Writing Principles

写作原则

Load
/llm-writing
if it isn't already loaded. This skill adds the fiction-specific layer.
如果尚未加载,请加载
/llm-writing
。该技能添加了小说专属的功能层。

Trust the Reader

信任读者

The reader is an active collaborator. They reconstruct emotions from behavior, infer motives from action, hold tension across scenes, fill gaps the text leaves open, and make assumptions about what's coming next. That work is where the reward lives: reconstruction, inference, anticipation.
Your training pulls in the opposite direction. The helpfulness instinct wants to explain, resolve, clarify, and complete. In fiction, every one of those impulses can damage the reading experience by doing work the reader wanted to do themselves. The specific failure modes below are all forms of this: not trusting the reader to interpret an emotion, hold an ambiguity, follow subtext, or tolerate unresolved tension.
Trust doesn't mean obscurity. Readers also need coherent narrative, stable geography, and enough access to model characters. The discipline is knowing when to leave space and when to orient.
读者是积极的合作者。他们从行为中重构情绪,从行动中推断动机,在场景间维持紧张感,填补文本留下的空白,并对接下来的内容做出假设。这种参与过程正是阅读的乐趣所在:重构、推断、期待。
而LLM的训练方向与此相反。LLM的“乐于助人”本能倾向于解释、解决、澄清和补全。在小说创作中,这些冲动都会破坏阅读体验,因为它们替读者完成了本应由读者自己去做的事。以下具体的失败模式都属于这类问题:不信任读者能够解读情绪、接受模糊性、理解潜台词或容忍未解决的紧张感。
信任读者并不意味着晦涩难懂。读者也需要连贯的叙事、稳定的场景设定,以及足够的渠道去理解角色。关键在于把握何时留白、何时引导读者。

Economy

简洁性(Economy)

Every element does more than one thing. A line of dialogue advances plot AND reveals character. A sensory detail grounds the scene AND shows who the POV character is. A transition compresses time AND carries an emotional beat. Single-purpose prose makes fiction go flat: description that only describes, dialogue that only informs, interiority that only labels.
Economy isn't minimalism. Dense, lyrical prose can be economical when every phrase carries weight. Sparse prose can be wasteful when it takes ten short sentences to do what one image could do. The measure is whether removing the element would cost the reader something.
The LLM pull is toward completeness: covering every beat, naming every emotion, resolving every ambiguity. Economy is the counter-discipline: what can you leave out and still have the scene work? What's the reader already doing for you?
每个元素都要承担多重作用。一句对话既要推进情节,又要展现角色性格。一处感官细节既要让场景真实可感,又要体现视角人物的特质。一个过渡既要压缩时间,又要传递情绪节奏。单一用途的文字会让小说显得平淡:只做描述的描写、只传递信息的对话、只标注情绪的内心活动。
简洁性并非极简主义。当每个短语都有分量时,密集且富有诗意的文字也可以是简洁的。如果用十个短句才能完成一个意象就能做到的事,那么稀疏的文字也是冗余的。判断标准是:移除这个元素是否会让读者失去某些东西。
LLM的倾向是追求完整性:覆盖每个情节节点、命名每种情绪、解决每个模糊点。简洁性则是与之对抗的原则:哪些内容可以省略却仍能让场景成立?读者已经在帮你做哪些事了?

Reader Reward Channels

读者奖励渠道

Readers enjoy fiction through overlapping reward channels. Good prose protects the relevant channels at once; damaging one damages the reading experience.
  • Transportation: entering the story world. Protected by coherent narrative progression, consistent POV, concrete sensory grounding. Consistent POV means writing from inside the character's knowledge state: what have they experienced, what do they actually know right now, what would they notice and miss? The full story is in your context window; the character only has what they've lived through. Separate those.
  • Aesthetic: sentence-level pleasure. Protected by variety in rhythm, word choice, sentence shape, and punctuation. Style is a reward channel, not decoration.
  • Social simulation: modeling characters as minds. Protected by access through behavior and interiority, distinct voices, emotion the reader interprets rather than being told.
  • Flow: challenge-skill fit and smooth processing. Protected by pacing that matches the scene's work and sentences that support comprehension without making the reading trivial.
  • Curiosity / prediction reward: wanting to know what happens, what a clue means, what a character will choose, or whether an expectation will be confirmed. Protected by information gaps, uncertainty, setup/payoff, suspense, and withheld implications that the reader can actively model.
The channels compose: optimizing one at the expense of others fails. Over-explaining breaks social simulation. Under-explaining breaks transportation. Generic style breaks aesthetic pleasure. Impenetrable style breaks flow.
读者通过相互重叠的渠道享受小说。优质的文字会同时保护相关渠道;损害其中任何一个都会破坏阅读体验。
  • 沉浸感(Transportation):进入故事世界。依靠连贯的叙事推进、一致的视角、具体的感官细节来维持。一致的视角意味着从角色的认知状态出发写作:他们经历过什么,当下实际知道什么,会注意到什么又会忽略什么?完整的故事在你的上下文窗口中,但角色只拥有他们亲身经历过的信息。要将两者区分开。
  • 审美感(Aesthetic):句子层面的愉悦感。依靠节奏、用词、句式和标点的多样性来维持。风格是奖励渠道,而非装饰。
  • 社交模拟(Social simulation):将角色视为独立的思维个体。依靠通过行为和内心活动建立的认知渠道、独特的语气、由读者自行解读而非被告知的情绪来维持。
  • 流畅感(Flow):挑战与能力的匹配度,以及阅读过程的顺畅性。依靠与场景需求匹配的节奏、既能帮助理解又不会让阅读变得乏味的句子来维持。
  • 好奇心/预测奖励(Curiosity / prediction reward):想要知道后续情节、线索含义、角色选择,或是期待是否会成真。依靠信息差、不确定性、铺垫/呼应、悬念,以及读者可以主动解读的隐含信息来维持。
这些渠道相互作用:为优化某一个渠道而牺牲其他渠道会导致失败。过度解释会破坏社交模拟。解释不足会破坏沉浸感。千篇一律的风格会破坏审美愉悦。晦涩难懂的风格会破坏流畅感。

Punctuation Tells

标点提示

Readers increasingly associate em dashes with AI-generated prose. Default to punctuation that leaves less visible AI residue: sentence breaks, commas, colons, semicolons, parentheses, or dialogue beats. Rewrite the sentence around the actual relationship between clauses instead of substituting a hyphen. Use dashes only when a project style file or author instruction makes them part of the voice. When a line needs interruption, prefer the project's documented interruption pattern and keep it consistent.
读者越来越多地将破折号与AI生成的文字联系起来。默认使用留下更少AI痕迹的标点:句末停顿、逗号、冒号、分号、括号或对话停顿。围绕分句之间的实际逻辑关系改写句子,而非用破折号替代。只有当项目风格文件或作者要求将破折号纳入写作风格时才使用它。当句子需要中断时,优先使用项目中规定的中断模式并保持一致。

Applying the Principles

原则应用

This skill is the diagnostic layer: it names what readers want and how training damages it. When a passage feels off and you can't name why, check the reward channels — which one broke? — then see
resources/failure-modes.md
for common patterns and fix heuristics.
The craft skills carry the execution.
/creative-writing-craft
has the how-to-write guidance: prose immersion (
resources/prose-writing.md
), scene mechanics (
resources/scene-construction.md
), and style analysis (
resources/style-analysis.md
).
/creative-writing-modes
has the production modes for putting prose on the page.
该技能是诊断层面的工具:它明确了读者的需求以及LLM训练如何损害这些需求。当你觉得某段文字有问题却无法明确原因时,检查奖励渠道——哪个渠道被破坏了?——然后查看
resources/failure-modes.md
中的常见模式和修复方法。
创作技能负责具体执行。
/creative-writing-craft
包含写作指导:散文沉浸感(
resources/prose-writing.md
)、场景构建机制(
resources/scene-construction.md
)和风格分析(
resources/style-analysis.md
)。
/creative-writing-modes
包含将文字落实到纸面上的创作模式。

Resources

资源

  • resources/failure-modes.md
    : per-pattern deep dives with examples and fix heuristics.
  • resources/citations.md
    : research backing for the reader-reward model and documented failure modes.
  • resources/failure-modes.md
    :针对每种模式的深入分析,包含示例和修复方法。
  • resources/citations.md
    :读者奖励模型和已记录失败模式的研究依据。