prose-writing
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ChineseProse Writing
散文写作
Draft narrative fiction that serves the story's needs. This skill covers craft technique — the how of prose. Project-specific voice, character speech patterns, and formatting conventions come from style files. Read those before writing.
撰写符合故事需求的叙事小说。本技能涵盖写作技法——即散文的创作方法。项目专属的风格、人物说话模式及格式规范来自风格文件,请在写作前阅读这些文件。
Two Modes
两种模式
Interactive
交互式模式
Back-and-forth with the author. They describe what they want, you draft, they react, you revise. The conversation IS the feedback loop — don't produce a "final" draft on the first pass. Offer options when the direction is ambiguous. Ask about intent when a scene could go multiple ways.
与作者进行双向协作。作者描述需求,你撰写草稿,作者给出反馈,你进行修订。对话本身就是反馈循环——不要在第一次输出时就生成“最终”草稿。当方向不明确时,提供多种选项;当场景有多种发展可能时,询问作者的意图。
Autonomous
自主式模式
You receive a brief (scene outline, beat list, emotional arc, relevant context) and produce a draft. No author in the loop — the draft goes to critics next, not to a human. This means:
- Follow the brief's direction without second-guessing it. The orchestrator already confirmed intent.
- Make concrete choices rather than hedging. A critic can flag a bad choice; they can't critique a hedge.
- Write the full scene, not a summary or outline. The output is prose, not planning.
- Mark places where you made significant interpretive choices (e.g., ) so critics and the orchestrator can evaluate your calls.
<!-- CHOICE: interpreted "tense conversation" as passive-aggressive rather than openly hostile -->
你会收到一份简短说明(场景大纲、情节要点、情感弧线、相关背景)并生成草稿。无作者参与循环——草稿接下来会提交给评审,而非人类作者。这意味着:
- 严格遵循简短说明的方向,无需质疑。协调者已确认过意图。
- 做出明确的选择,而非含糊其辞。评审可以指出错误的选择,但无法评判含糊的内容。
- 撰写完整场景,而非摘要或大纲。输出内容是散文,而非规划文档。
- 标记你做出重大诠释选择的地方(例如:),以便评审和协调者评估你的决策。
<!-- CHOICE: interpreted "tense conversation" as passive-aggressive rather than openly hostile -->
Scene Entry
场景开篇
Open scenes in the middle of something happening. The reader should orient through action and context, not through setup narration. A character already mid-task, mid-conversation, or mid-thought gives the reader something to track immediately.
Avoid:
- Weather/setting paragraphs before anything happens
- Character waking up or traveling to the scene location
- "The room was..." description blocks
- Recap of how we got here
The exception is when the setting itself IS the story beat — a character seeing a destroyed city for the first time, or arriving somewhere that changes everything. Then the setting description carries narrative weight.
从正在发生的事件中间切入场景。读者应通过动作和背景来定位,而非通过铺垫叙述。让角色处于正在执行任务、正在对话或正在思考的状态,能让读者立刻有追踪的焦点。
需避免:
- 在事件发生前描述天气/环境的段落
- 角色醒来或前往场景地点的情节
- “房间里有……”这类描述块
- 回顾如何到达此处的内容
例外情况是当环境本身就是故事节点时——比如角色第一次看到被摧毁的城市,或到达某个彻底改变一切的地方。此时环境描述承载着叙事重量。
Scene Purpose
场景目的
Every scene needs to change something — character knowledge, relationships, power dynamics, stakes, emotional state. If nothing is different at the end than at the beginning, the scene is a candidate for cutting.
Before writing, identify what changes. In interactive mode, ask the author. In autonomous mode, extract it from the brief. If the brief doesn't specify what changes, flag it: .
<!-- UNCLEAR: brief doesn't specify what changes in this scene -->每个场景都需要带来一些改变——角色的认知、人际关系、权力动态、风险 stakes、情绪状态。如果场景结束时与开始时没有任何不同,这个场景就可能需要被删减。
写作前,明确要带来的改变。在交互式模式下,询问作者;在自主式模式下,从简短说明中提取。如果简短说明未明确要带来的改变,标记出来:。
<!-- UNCLEAR: brief doesn't specify what changes in this scene -->Point of View
视角(POV)
Stay in the established POV. First person means the narrator can only report what they perceive, think, and feel — not what other characters are thinking. Third limited means access to one character's interiority per scene.
POV violations are the most common craft error in AI-generated fiction. Watch for:
- Reporting emotions of non-POV characters as fact ("She felt angry") instead of through observable behavior ("Her jaw tightened")
- The narrator knowing things they shouldn't (what happened in a room they weren't in)
- Head-hopping between characters within a scene
保持既定的视角。第一人称意味着叙述者只能报告自己感知、思考和感受的内容——无法知晓其他角色的想法。第三人称有限视角意味着每个场景只能进入一个角色的内心世界。
视角违背是AI生成小说中最常见的写作错误。需注意:
- 将非视角角色的情绪当作事实来描述(“她感到愤怒”),而非通过可观察的行为来展现(“她的下巴绷紧了”)
- 叙述者知晓自己本不应知道的事情(比如不在场的房间里发生的事)
- 在一个场景中频繁切换角色视角
Show Through Action
通过动作展现
Demonstrate character states through behavior, dialogue, and physical response rather than narrating them directly.
Telling: "He was nervous about the meeting."
Showing: "He checked his watch for the third time, then straightened a tie that was already straight."
This doesn't mean never tell. Summary narration is appropriate for:
- Transitions between important moments
- Routine actions that don't carry emotional weight
- Time compression ("The next three weeks passed in a blur of training")
The heuristic: tell for logistics, show for moments that matter.
通过行为、对话和生理反应来展现角色状态,而非直接叙述。
直白叙述:“他对这次会议感到紧张。”
动作展现:“他第三次看了看手表,然后把已经平整的领带又整理了一遍。”
这并不意味着永远不用直白叙述。摘要式叙述适用于:
- 重要时刻之间的过渡
- 不带有情绪重量的常规动作
- 时间压缩(“接下来的三周在训练的忙碌中一晃而过”)
判断准则: logistics用直白叙述,重要时刻用动作展现。
Dialogue
对话
Dialogue should do at least two things simultaneously: advance the plot AND reveal character, or reveal character AND build tension, or build tension AND seed information. Single-purpose dialogue ("As you know, the reactor is on the third floor") feels flat because real conversation is never purely transactional.
Subtext. Characters rarely say exactly what they mean. They deflect, understate, change the subject, answer a different question than the one asked. The gap between what's said and what's meant is where characterization lives.
Voice differentiation. Each character should sound distinct enough that you could identify the speaker without dialogue tags. This comes from vocabulary, sentence structure, speech patterns, and what they choose to talk about — not from accent spelling or verbal tics bolted on.
Action beats over dialogue tags. "Said" is invisible; use it freely. Avoid creative tags ("he exclaimed," "she retorted") — they draw attention to the tag instead of the dialogue. Use action beats to show how something is said: "She set the cup down carefully. 'That's not what I meant.'"
对话应同时至少实现两个目的:推进情节AND塑造人物,或塑造人物AND营造紧张感,或营造紧张感AND埋下信息伏笔。单一目的的对话(“你知道的,反应堆在三楼”)显得生硬,因为真实对话从来都不是纯粹的事务性交流。
潜台词。角色很少直白说出自己的想法。他们会转移话题、轻描淡写、改变主题,或回答与问题无关的内容。所说内容与真实意图之间的差距,正是人物塑造的关键所在。
声音辨识度。每个角色的说话方式应足够独特,即使没有对话标签也能识别出说话者。这来自词汇、句式结构、说话模式以及他们选择谈论的内容——而非靠拼写口音或生硬添加的口头习惯。
用动作提示替代对话标签。“说”这个词是无形的,可以自由使用。避免使用花哨的标签(“他惊呼道”、“她反驳道”)——它们会将注意力从对话转移到标签上。用动作提示来展现说话的方式:“她小心翼翼地放下杯子。‘我不是那个意思。’”
Pacing
节奏把控
Vary sentence length and structure to control reading speed. Short sentences speed things up — good for action, tension, shock. Longer sentences slow the reader down — good for reflection, description, complex emotion.
Scene-level pacing: alternate between high-tension and lower-tension beats. Sustained intensity becomes numbing. The quiet moment after the crisis is what gives the crisis weight.
Chapter-level pacing: end on forward momentum. Not necessarily a cliffhanger — an unanswered question, a new complication, an emotional shift. Give the reader a reason to continue.
通过变换句子长度和结构来控制阅读速度。短句能加快节奏——适合动作、紧张、冲击场景。长句会放慢阅读速度——适合反思、描述、复杂情绪场景。
场景层面的节奏:在高紧张和低紧张情节之间交替。持续的高强度会让人麻木。危机后的平静时刻,才赋予危机重量。
章节层面的节奏:以向前的动力结尾。不一定是悬念——可以是未解答的问题、新的复杂情况、情绪转变。给读者继续阅读的理由。
Sensory Detail
感官细节
Ground scenes in specific sensory details rather than generic description. "The forest" is nowhere. "Pine needles crunching underfoot, the smell of wet bark" is a place.
Use the POV character's sensory priorities. A chef notices smells. A musician notices sounds. A soldier notices exits. What a character pays attention to reveals who they are.
Avoid cataloging all five senses mechanically. One or two vivid, specific details do more work than a comprehensive sensory inventory.
用具体的感官细节来构建场景,而非笼统的描述。“森林”是模糊的。“脚下的松针嘎吱作响,湿树皮的气味弥漫开来”才是具体的场景。
结合视角角色的感官优先级。厨师会注意气味,音乐家会注意声音,士兵会注意出口。角色关注的内容能展现他们的身份。
避免机械地罗列五种感官。一两个生动具体的细节,比全面的感官清单更有效。
Interiority
内心刻画
The POV character's inner life — thoughts, reactions, memories, associations — is what distinguishes prose fiction from screenplay. Don't neglect it.
But interiority should be specific and revealing, not generic emotional labeling. "She felt sad" is a label. "She kept reaching for her phone to text him before remembering" is interiority that shows the reader something about grief.
In high-action scenes, interiority contracts to fragments — quick reactions, snap judgments. In reflective scenes, it expands. Match the depth of inner experience to the pace of the scene.
视角角色的内心世界——想法、反应、记忆、联想——是散文小说区别于剧本的关键所在。不要忽视这一点。
但内心刻画应具体且有揭示性,而非笼统的情绪标签。“她感到难过”是标签。“她一次次伸手去拿手机想给他发短信,才突然反应过来”是能让读者了解悲伤的内心刻画。
在高动作场景中,内心刻画会收缩为片段——快速的反应、瞬间的判断。在反思场景中,内心刻画会展开。让内心体验的深度与场景节奏相匹配。
Revision Signals
修订提示
When reviewing your own draft (or receiving critique), watch for these patterns:
- Redundant beats. Saying the same thing through action, dialogue, AND narration. Pick the strongest delivery and cut the others.
- Throat-clearing. Opening paragraphs that circle the point before landing on it. Cut to where the real scene starts.
- Emotional choreography. Characters cycling through emotions in predictable patterns (shock → denial → anger → acceptance) without the specific, messy reality of how people actually process things.
- Placeholder prose. Competent but generic sentences that could appear in any story. If a sentence could be swapped into a different scene without anyone noticing, it's not doing enough work.
当你审阅自己的草稿(或收到评审意见)时,注意以下模式:
- 冗余情节。通过动作、对话和叙述重复表达同一内容。选择最有力的表达方式,删减其他内容。
- 铺垫冗余。围绕主题兜圈子才切入重点的开篇段落。直接跳到真正的场景开始处。
- 情绪套路。角色按可预测的模式切换情绪(震惊→否认→愤怒→接受),却没有人们真实处理情绪时的具体、混乱的细节。
- 通用化散文。合格但笼统的句子,可能出现在任何故事中。如果一个句子可以毫无违和地替换到其他场景中,说明它没有发挥足够的作用。
Resources
参考资源
Style files passed alongside this skill contain project-specific voice guidance — character speech patterns, tonal registers, formatting conventions, scene-type techniques. Read them before drafting. They override general craft advice when they're more specific.
随本技能一同提供的风格文件包含项目专属的风格指导——人物说话模式、语调范围、格式规范、场景类型技法。请在撰写前阅读这些文件。当它们的内容更具体时,优先于通用写作建议。",