gof-patterns

Compare original and translation side by side

🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

GoF Design Patterns Reference

GoF设计模式参考资料

A comprehensive reference for the Gang of Four design patterns. This skill provides language-agnostic guidance with pseudocode examples that can be translated to any programming language.

这是一份关于四人组（Gang of Four）设计模式的全面参考资料。此技能提供与语言无关的指导，并附带可转换为任何编程语言的伪代码示例。

When This Skill Activates

此技能的激活场景

This skill automatically activates when you:

Ask about or need to implement a design pattern
Need to choose between patterns for a design problem
Are refactoring code and considering structural improvements
Discuss architecture, decoupling, or extensibility
Mention specific patterns: factory, singleton, observer, decorator, etc.

当你进行以下操作时，此技能会自动激活：

询问或需要实现某种设计模式
针对某个设计问题需要在多种模式间做选择
正在重构代码并考虑结构优化
讨论架构、解耦或可扩展性相关内容
提及特定模式：factory、singleton、observer、decorator等

Quick Pattern Reference

快速模式参考

Creational Patterns (Object Creation)

创建型模式（对象创建）

Pattern	Intent	Use When
Abstract Factory	Create families of related objects	Need platform/theme independence
Builder	Construct complex objects step-by-step	Object has many optional parts
Factory Method	Let subclasses decide which class to instantiate	Don't know concrete types ahead of time
Prototype	Clone existing objects	Object creation is expensive
Singleton	Ensure single instance	Need exactly one shared instance

模式	意图	使用场景
Abstract Factory	创建相关对象族	需要平台/主题独立性
Builder	逐步构建复杂对象	对象包含多个可选部分
Factory Method	让子类决定实例化哪个类	无法提前知晓具体类型
Prototype	克隆现有对象	对象创建成本高昂
Singleton	确保单一实例	需要恰好一个共享实例

Structural Patterns (Composition)

结构型模式（组合）

Pattern	Intent	Use When
Adapter	Convert interface to expected interface	Integrating incompatible interfaces
Bridge	Separate abstraction from implementation	Need to vary both independently
Composite	Treat individual and groups uniformly	Have tree structures
Decorator	Add responsibilities dynamically	Need flexible extension
Facade	Simplified interface to subsystem	Complex subsystem needs simple API
Flyweight	Share common state efficiently	Many similar objects needed
Proxy	Control access to object	Need lazy loading, access control, logging

模式	意图	使用场景
Adapter	将接口转换为预期接口	集成不兼容的接口
Bridge	将抽象与实现分离	需要独立变化抽象和实现
Composite	统一处理单个对象和对象组	存在树形结构
Decorator	动态添加职责	需要灵活扩展功能
Facade	为子系统提供简化接口	复杂子系统需要简单API
Flyweight	高效共享公共状态	需要大量相似对象
Proxy	控制对象访问	需要懒加载、访问控制或日志记录

Behavioral Patterns (Communication)

行为型模式（通信）

Pattern	Intent	Use When
Chain of Responsibility	Pass request along handler chain	Multiple handlers, unknown which handles
Command	Encapsulate request as object	Need undo, queue, or log operations
Interpreter	Define grammar and interpret sentences	Have a simple language to parse
Iterator	Sequential access without exposing internals	Need to traverse collections
Mediator	Centralize complex communications	Many objects communicate in complex ways
Memento	Capture and restore object state	Need undo/snapshot functionality
Observer	Notify dependents of state changes	One-to-many dependency
State	Alter behavior when state changes	Object behavior depends on state
Strategy	Encapsulate interchangeable algorithms	Need to swap algorithms at runtime
Template Method	Define skeleton, let subclasses fill in	Algorithm structure fixed, steps vary
Visitor	Add operations without changing classes	Need to add many operations to stable structure

模式	意图	使用场景
Chain of Responsibility	沿处理链传递请求	存在多个处理者，不确定哪个会处理请求
Command	将请求封装为对象	需要撤销、排队或记录操作
Interpreter	定义语法并解释语句	需要解析简单语言
Iterator	顺序访问集合而不暴露内部结构	需要遍历集合
Mediator	集中处理复杂通信	多个对象间通信方式复杂
Memento	捕获并恢复对象状态	需要撤销/快照功能
Observer	状态变化时通知依赖对象	存在一对多依赖关系
State	状态变化时改变行为	对象行为依赖其状态
Strategy	封装可互换的算法	需要在运行时切换算法
Template Method	定义算法骨架，让子类填充步骤	算法结构固定，但步骤可变
Visitor	在不修改类的情况下添加操作	需要为稳定结构添加多种操作

Decision Guide

决策指南

See Pattern Selection Guide for help choosing the right pattern.

如需帮助选择合适的模式，请查看模式选择指南。

How to Use This Reference

如何使用此参考资料

Choosing a pattern: Start with the decision guide or tables above
Learning a pattern: Read the full documentation with examples
Quick reminder: Use the tables above for at-a-glance reference
Implementation: Follow the pseudocode, adapt to your language

选择模式：从决策指南或上方表格开始
学习模式：阅读完整文档及示例
快速查阅：使用上方表格进行概览式参考
实现：遵循伪代码，适配你的编程语言

Language Translation Notes

语言转换说明

The pseudocode in this reference uses these conventions:

```
class
```
for type definitions
```
function
```
for methods/functions
```
->
```
for method calls on objects
```
//
```
for comments
Type hints shown as
```
name: Type
```

Translate to your language:

PHP:
```
class
```
,
```
function
```
,
```
->
```
,
```
//
```
, type hints in docblocks or PHP 8+
JavaScript/TypeScript:
```
class
```
,
```
function
```
/arrow,
```
.
```
,
```
//
```
, TS types
Python:
```
class
```
,
```
def
```
,
```
.
```
,
```
#
```
, type hints
Java/C#: Direct mapping with
```
new
```
, generics

Based on concepts from "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" by Gamma, Helm, Johnson, and Vlissides (Gang of Four), 1994.

本参考资料中的伪代码遵循以下约定：

```
class
```
用于类型定义
```
function
```
用于方法/函数
```
->
```
用于对象方法调用
```
//
```
用于注释
类型提示格式为
```
name: Type
```

转换为你的编程语言时：

PHP：使用
```
class
```
、
```
function
```
、
```
->
```
、
```
//
```
，类型提示可放在文档块或使用PHP 8+语法
JavaScript/TypeScript：使用
```
class
```
、
```
function
```
/箭头函数、
```
.
```
、
```
//
```
，TypeScript类型
Python：使用
```
class
```
、
```
def
```
、
```
.
```
、
```
#
```
，类型提示
Java/C#：直接映射，使用
```
new
```
、泛型

基于Gamma、Helm、Johnson和Vlissides（四人组）于1994年出版的《设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础》一书中的概念。