mimir

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Grafana Mimir

Docs: https://grafana.com/docs/mimir/latest/

Horizontally scalable, highly available, multi-tenant, long-term storage for Prometheus and OpenTelemetry metrics.

文档: https://grafana.com/docs/mimir/latest/

面向Prometheus和OpenTelemetry指标的水平可扩展、高可用、多租户长期存储系统。

Quick Start (Monolithic Mode)

快速开始（单体模式）

yaml

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yaml

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demo.yaml - single binary, no external dependencies

target: all multitenancy_enabled: false

blocks_storage: backend: filesystem bucket_store: sync_dir: /tmp/mimir/tsdb-sync filesystem: dir: /tmp/mimir/data/tsdb tsdb: dir: /tmp/mimir/tsdb

compactor: data_dir: /tmp/mimir/compactor sharding_ring: kvstore: store: memberlist

distributor: ring: instance_addr: 127.0.0.1 kvstore: store: memberlist

ingester: ring: instance_addr: 127.0.0.1 kvstore: store: memberlist replication_factor: 1

server: http_listen_port: 9009 grpc_listen_port: 9095 log_level: error


```bash
docker run --rm -p 9009:9009 -v $(pwd)/demo.yaml:/etc/mimir/demo.yaml \
  grafana/mimir:latest --config.file=/etc/mimir/demo.yaml

target: all multitenancy_enabled: false

blocks_storage: backend: filesystem bucket_store: sync_dir: /tmp/mimir/tsdb-sync filesystem: dir: /tmp/mimir/data/tsdb tsdb: dir: /tmp/mimir/tsdb

compactor: data_dir: /tmp/mimir/compactor sharding_ring: kvstore: store: memberlist

distributor: ring: instance_addr: 127.0.0.1 kvstore: store: memberlist

ingester: ring: instance_addr: 127.0.0.1 kvstore: store: memberlist replication_factor: 1

server: http_listen_port: 9009 grpc_listen_port: 9095 log_level: error


```bash
docker run --rm -p 9009:9009 -v $(pwd)/demo.yaml:/etc/mimir/demo.yaml \
  grafana/mimir:latest --config.file=/etc/mimir/demo.yaml

Sending Metrics to Mimir

向Mimir发送指标

Prometheus remote_write

yaml

remote_write:
  - url: http://localhost:9009/api/v1/push
    headers:
      X-Scope-OrgID: tenant1

yaml

remote_write:
  - url: http://localhost:9009/api/v1/push
    headers:
      X-Scope-OrgID: tenant1

Grafana Alloy

alloy

prometheus.remote_write "mimir" {
  endpoint {
    url = "http://mimir:9009/api/v1/push"
    headers = { "X-Scope-OrgID" = "tenant1" }
  }
}

alloy

prometheus.remote_write "mimir" {
  endpoint {
    url = "http://mimir:9009/api/v1/push"
    headers = { "X-Scope-OrgID" = "tenant1" }
  }
}

Multi-tenancy

多租户

yaml

multitenancy_enabled: true

yaml

multitenancy_enabled: true

All requests require: X-Scope-OrgID: <tenant-id>

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Architecture

架构

Write Path

写入路径

Client → Distributor → Ingester (WAL) → Object Storage (blocks)

客户端 → Distributor → Ingester（WAL） → 对象存储（blocks）

Read Path

读取路径

Client → Query-frontend (cache/sharding) → Query-scheduler → Querier ← Store-gateway

客户端 → Query-frontend（缓存/分片） → Query-scheduler → Querier ← Store-gateway

Components

组件

Component	Role
Distributor	Validates & routes incoming samples via hash ring
Ingester	In-memory storage, WAL, flushes blocks to object store
Compactor	Merges blocks, enforces retention
Querier	Executes PromQL across ingesters + object store
Query-frontend	Request splitting, caching, parallelization
Store-gateway	Provides access to blocks in object storage
Ruler	Evaluates recording and alerting rules
Alertmanager	Routes and deduplicates alerts

组件	职责
Distributor	通过哈希环验证并路由传入的样本数据
Ingester	内存存储、WAL、将blocks刷新到对象存储
Compactor	合并blocks、强制执行数据保留策略
Querier	在ingester和对象存储上执行PromQL查询
Query-frontend	请求拆分、缓存、并行处理
Store-gateway	提供对对象存储中blocks的访问
Ruler	评估记录规则和告警规则
Alertmanager	路由并去重告警

Storage Configuration

存储配置

S3

yaml

blocks_storage:
  backend: s3
  s3:
    bucket_name: mimir-blocks
    endpoint: s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
    region: us-east-1
    access_key_id: ${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
    secret_access_key: ${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}

yaml

blocks_storage:
  backend: s3
  s3:
    bucket_name: mimir-blocks
    endpoint: s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
    region: us-east-1
    access_key_id: ${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
    secret_access_key: ${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}

GCS

yaml

blocks_storage:
  backend: gcs
  gcs:
    bucket_name: mimir-blocks

yaml

blocks_storage:
  backend: gcs
  gcs:
    bucket_name: mimir-blocks

Azure

yaml

blocks_storage:
  backend: azure
  azure:
    account_name: storageaccountname
    account_key: ${AZURE_STORAGE_KEY}
    container_name: mimir-blocks

yaml

blocks_storage:
  backend: azure
  azure:
    account_name: storageaccountname
    account_key: ${AZURE_STORAGE_KEY}
    container_name: mimir-blocks

Deployment Modes

部署模式

bash

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bash

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Monolithic

mimir -config.file=mimir.yaml -target=all

Kubernetes (Helm)

helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts helm install mimir grafana/mimir-distributed -f values.yaml

Read-Write mode

mimir -target=write # distributor + ingester mimir -target=read # query-frontend + querier mimir -target=backend # store-gateway + compactor + ruler

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mimir -target=write # distributor + ingester mimir -target=read # query-frontend + querier mimir -target=backend # store-gateway + compactor + ruler

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Key Configuration Options

关键配置选项

yaml

limits:
  ingestion_rate: 10000
  ingestion_burst_size: 200000
  max_global_series_per_user: 1500000
  max_label_names_per_series: 30
  compactor_blocks_retention_period: 30d
  ruler_max_rules_per_rule_group: 20

ingester:
  ring:
    replication_factor: 3

querier:
  max_concurrent: 20

frontend:
  max_outstanding_per_tenant: 100
  compress_responses: true

yaml

limits:
  ingestion_rate: 10000
  ingestion_burst_size: 200000
  max_global_series_per_user: 1500000
  max_label_names_per_series: 30
  compactor_blocks_retention_period: 30d
  ruler_max_rules_per_rule_group: 20

ingester:
  ring:
    replication_factor: 3

querier:
  max_concurrent: 20

frontend:
  max_outstanding_per_tenant: 100
  compress_responses: true

HTTP API Endpoints

HTTP API 端点

Method	Endpoint	Description
POST	/api/v1/push	Remote write
POST	/otlp/v1/metrics	OTLP ingestion
GET	/api/v1/query	Instant PromQL query
GET	/api/v1/query_range	Range PromQL query
GET	/api/v1/labels	List labels
GET	/api/v1/series	List series
GET	/api/v1/rules	List rules
GET	/ready	Readiness probe
GET	/metrics	Self metrics

方法	端点	描述
POST	/api/v1/push	远程写入
POST	/otlp/v1/metrics	OTLP 指标摄入
GET	/api/v1/query	即时PromQL查询
GET	/api/v1/query_range	范围PromQL查询
GET	/api/v1/labels	列出标签
GET	/api/v1/series	列出序列
GET	/api/v1/rules	列出规则
GET	/ready	就绪探针
GET	/metrics	自身指标