manage-color-contrast
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Original
English🇨🇳
Translation
ChineseSkill: Manage Color Contrast
技能:管理颜色对比度
Purpose
目的
Ensure text and interactive elements have sufficient contrast against their backgrounds for readability and accessibility.
确保文本和交互元素与背景之间具备足够的对比度,以提升可读性和无障碍访问性。
Type
类型
Evaluative + Corrective
评估型 + 纠正型
Input
输入
- Text colors and sizes
- Background colors
- UI element specifications
- 文本颜色与字号
- 背景颜色
- UI元素规格说明
Output
输出
- Contrast ratio calculations
- Pass/Fail against WCAG standards
- Recommendations for fixes
- 对比度比值计算结果
- 是否符合WCAG标准的判定(通过/不通过)
- 修复建议
Transformation Performed
执行的转换
Calculates contrast ratios and ensures compliance with WCAG AA standards (4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text and UI components).
计算对比度比值,确保符合WCAG AA标准(普通文本要求4.5:1,大文本和UI组件要求3:1)。
Decision Criteria
判定标准
PASS (Good Contrast)
通过(对比度良好)
- Normal text (< 18px): 4.5:1 minimum (WCAG AA)
- Large text (≥ 18px bold or ≥ 24px): 3:1 minimum
- UI components (buttons, inputs): 3:1 minimum for boundaries
- Focus indicators: 3:1 minimum against adjacent colors
- 普通文本(< 18px):最低4.5:1(WCAG AA标准)
- 大文本(≥ 18px粗体或≥ 24px):最低3:1
- UI组件(按钮、输入框):边界最低3:1
- 焦点指示器:与相邻颜色的对比度最低3:1
FAIL (Poor Contrast)
不通过(对比度不足)
- Light gray text on white (< 4.5:1)
- White text on light colors
- Disabled states that look like active (too much contrast)
- Placeholder text same as input text
- 白色背景上的浅灰色文本(< 4.5:1)
- 浅色背景上的白色文本
- 禁用状态与激活状态过于相似(对比度过高)
- 占位符文本与输入文本颜色一致
Contrast Ratio Quick Reference
对比度比值速查表
| Text Color on White | Ratio | Pass AA? |
|---|---|---|
| #000000 (black) | 21:1 | ✓ |
| #333333 | 12.6:1 | ✓ |
| #666666 | 5.9:1 | ✓ |
| #757575 | 4.6:1 | ✓ (minimum) |
| #999999 | 2.8:1 | ✗ |
| #CCCCCC | 1.6:1 | ✗ |
| 白色背景上的文本颜色 | 比值 | 是否通过AA标准? |
|---|---|---|
| #000000(黑色) | 21:1 | ✓ |
| #333333 | 12.6:1 | ✓ |
| #666666 | 5.9:1 | ✓ |
| #757575 | 4.6:1 | ✓(最低标准) |
| #999999 | 2.8:1 | ✗ |
| #CCCCCC | 1.6:1 | ✗ |
Common Failure Modes
常见失败模式
| Failure | Description | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Light Gray Text | #999 or lighter for body text | Use #666 minimum, #333 preferred |
| Ghost Text | Placeholder same as value | Make placeholder lighter (#999) |
| Low-contrast Primary | Brand color too light for white text | Darken brand color or use dark text |
| Subtle Links | Links barely different from text | Add underline or increase contrast |
| Disabled Confusion | Disabled buttons too prominent | Reduce to 30% opacity or use gray |
| Icon Fade | Icons too light to see | Match text color or use higher contrast |
| 失败类型 | 描述 | 修复方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 浅灰色文本 | 正文使用#999或更浅的颜色 | 至少使用#666,优先选择#333 |
| 幽灵文本 | 占位符与输入值颜色一致 | 将占位符调浅(使用#999) |
| 主色对比度不足 | 品牌色过浅,不适用于白色文本 | 加深品牌色或使用深色文本 |
| 链接辨识度低 | 链接与文本几乎无差异 | 添加下划线或提高对比度 |
| 禁用状态混淆 | 禁用按钮过于醒目 | 将透明度降至30%或使用灰色 |
| 图标暗淡 | 图标过浅难以辨认 | 匹配文本颜色或提高对比度 |
Prerequisites
前置条件
- Color palette defined
- Typography scale defined
- 已定义配色方案
- 已定义排版层级
Dependencies
依赖项
- (gray scale needed)
build-color-palette
- (需要灰度色阶)
build-color-palette
Refactoring UI References
重构UI参考
- "Don't use grey text on colored backgrounds"
- "Ensure sufficient contrast"
- "不要在彩色背景上使用灰色文本"
- "确保足够的对比度"
Example Assessment
评估示例
Input: Body text #888888 on white background
Evaluation: FAIL
- Ratio: ~3.5:1
- Below 4.5:1 requirement
Recommendation:
Change to #666666 (5.9:1) minimum
Prefer #333333 or #1A1A1A for body text
输入: 白色背景上的正文文本#888888
评估结果: 不通过
- 比值:约3.5:1
- 低于4.5:1的要求
建议:
至少改为#666666(比值5.9:1)
正文文本优先选择#333333或#1A1A1A