design-empty-states
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Original
English🇨🇳
Translation
ChineseSkill: Design Empty States
Skill:设计空状态
Purpose
目标
Create helpful, actionable empty/zero states that guide users forward instead of leaving them at a dead end.
创建实用且可操作的空状态/零内容状态,引导用户继续操作,而非让他们陷入停滞。
Type
类型
Generative + Evaluative
生成型+评估型
Input
输入
- Context (what would be here normally)
- User state (first-time vs. cleared content)
- Available actions (what can the user do)
- 上下文(该区域通常展示的内容)
- 用户状态(首次使用 vs 已清空内容)
- 可用操作(用户可执行的操作)
Output
输出
- Empty state design specification
- Copy recommendations
- Primary action to highlight
- Pass/Fail assessment
- 空状态设计规范
- 文案建议
- 需突出的核心操作
- 通过/不通过评估结果
Transformation Performed
实现的转化
Transforms blank screens into onboarding/guidance moments with context, explanation, and clear next steps.
将空白屏幕转化为包含上下文说明、解释信息和明确下一步操作的引导/入门场景。
Decision Criteria
判定标准
PASS (Good Empty State)
通过(优质空状态)
- Explains what would be here (sets expectation)
- Tells user how to add content (clear instruction)
- Provides clear primary action button
- Uses appropriate illustration/icon (not generic)
- Friendly, helpful tone (not "No items found")
- Hides useless UI (tabs, filters that don't work without content)
- 说明该区域应展示的内容(建立预期)
- 告知用户如何添加内容(清晰指引)
- 提供明确的核心操作按钮
- 使用合适的插图/图标(非通用型)
- 语气友好实用(避免使用“未找到项目”这类表述)
- 隐藏无用UI(无内容时无法生效的标签页、筛选器等)
FAIL (Poor Empty State)
不通过(劣质空状态)
- Blank screen or just "No data"
- Technical error message as empty state
- No guidance on what to do next
- Generic illustration unrelated to context
- Dead end with no actions
- 空白屏幕或仅显示“无数据”
- 将技术错误信息作为空状态展示
- 未提供下一步操作指引
- 使用与上下文无关的通用插图
- 无任何操作选项的停滞场景
Empty State Components
空状态组件
-
Illustration/Icon (optional but helpful)
- Relevant to the content type
- Not generic "404" style
- Can be simple icon or custom illustration
-
Headline
- Friendly, explanatory
- Not "Empty" or "No items"
- Example: "No projects yet" or "Start your first campaign"
-
Description
- Brief explanation of what this area is for
- How to add content
- Benefits of adding content
-
Primary Action
- Clear CTA button
- Takes user to creation flow
- Obvious next step
-
Secondary Info (optional)
- Learn more link
- Example/template
- Import option
-
插图/图标(可选但实用)
- 与内容类型相关
- 非通用的“404”风格
- 可以是简洁图标或定制插图
-
标题
- 友好且具有解释性
- 避免使用“空”或“无项目”这类表述
- 示例:“暂无项目”或“开启你的首个活动”
-
描述文本
- 简要说明该区域的用途
- 告知如何添加内容
- 说明添加内容的益处
-
核心操作
- 清晰的行动召唤(CTA)按钮
- 引导用户进入创建流程
- 明确的下一步操作
-
次要信息(可选)
- 了解更多链接
- 示例/模板
- 导入选项
Types of Empty States
空状态类型
| Type | Context | Approach |
|---|---|---|
| First-time | New user, no content | Onboarding, education, clear CTA |
| User-cleared | User deleted everything | Confirmation, undo option, re-add CTA |
| No results | Search/filter returned nothing | Adjust filters, clear search, try different terms |
| No access | Permission restrictions | Explain why, how to request access |
| Error state | Failed to load | Retry action, support contact |
| 类型 | 上下文 | 处理方式 |
|---|---|---|
| 首次使用 | 新用户,无内容 | 入门引导、教育说明、清晰的行动召唤 |
| 用户清空 | 用户删除了所有内容 | 确认提示、撤销选项、重新添加的行动召唤 |
| 无结果 | 搜索/筛选未返回内容 | 调整筛选条件、清除搜索内容、尝试其他关键词 |
| 无权限 | 权限限制 | 说明原因、告知申请权限的方式 |
| 错误状态 | 加载失败 | 重试操作、联系支持 |
Common Failure Modes
常见问题模式
| Failure | Description | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| The Void | Blank white space | Add context, illustration, CTA |
| Error as Empty | "404" or "Null" message | Distinguish error states from empty states |
| No Way Forward | Message but no action | Always provide primary CTA |
| Generic Illustration | Unrelated cute character | Use relevant icon or context illustration |
| Negative Framing | "You have no friends" | Positive framing: "Connect with people" |
| Too Much Info | Paragraphs of text | Keep to 1-2 sentences + CTA |
| 问题 | 描述 | 修复方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 空白区域 | 纯白空白界面 | 添加上下文说明、插图和行动召唤按钮 |
| 错误当空状态 | 显示“404”或“Null”这类错误信息 | 区分错误状态与空状态 |
| 无前进路径 | 有提示信息但无操作选项 | 始终提供核心行动召唤按钮 |
| 通用插图 | 使用无关的可爱角色插图 | 使用相关图标或上下文匹配的插图 |
| 负面表述 | 如“你没有好友”这类表述 | 采用积极表述:“与他人建立联系” |
| 信息过载 | 大段文本说明 | 精简为1-2句话+行动召唤按钮 |
Prerequisites
前置要求
- Understanding of user goals
- Knowledge of creation flow
- 理解用户目标
- 了解内容创建流程
Dependencies
依赖项
- (needs clear primary action)
design-button-hierarchy - (headline + body hierarchy)
apply-typography-scale
- (需要明确的核心操作)
design-button-hierarchy - (标题与正文层级)
apply-typography-scale
Refactoring UI References
《Refactoring UI》参考要点
- "Never leave users at a dead end"
- "Empty states are opportunities"
- "Set expectations"
- “永远不要让用户陷入停滞”
- “空状态是机会”
- “建立预期”
Example Assessment
评估示例
Input: Dashboard showing "No data available" in small gray text, no other content
Evaluation: FAIL
- Negative framing
- No context about what should be here
- No action to take
- Visual treatment too subtle
Recommendation:
- Headline: "No reports yet"
- Description: "Create your first report to start tracking metrics"
- Primary button: "Create Report"
- Optional: Small illustration or icon
- Consider: Template/example preview
输入: 仪表盘仅显示小号灰色文字“无可用数据”,无其他内容
评估: 不通过
- 负面表述
- 未说明该区域应展示的内容
- 无任何可执行操作
- 视觉表现过于平淡
建议:
- 标题:“暂无报表”
- 描述文本:“创建你的首个报表,开始追踪指标”
- 核心按钮:“创建报表”
- 可选:添加小型插图或图标
- 可考虑:提供模板/示例预览