unit-test-caching

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Unit Testing Spring Caching

Spring缓存的单元测试

Test Spring caching annotations (@Cacheable, @CacheEvict, @CachePut) without full Spring context. Verify cache behavior, hits/misses, and invalidation strategies.

无需完整Spring上下文即可测试Spring缓存注解（@Cacheable、@CacheEvict、@CachePut）。验证缓存行为、命中/未命中情况以及失效策略。

When to Use This Skill

何时使用该技能

Use this skill when:

Testing @Cacheable method caching
Testing @CacheEvict cache invalidation
Testing @CachePut cache updates
Verifying cache key generation
Testing conditional caching
Want fast caching tests without Redis or cache infrastructure

在以下场景使用该技能：

测试@Cacheable方法的缓存功能
测试@CacheEvict的缓存失效
测试@CachePut的缓存更新
验证缓存键的生成
测试条件缓存
希望在不依赖Redis或缓存基础设施的情况下快速进行缓存测试

Setup: Caching Testing

准备工作：缓存测试环境搭建

Maven

xml

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
  <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
  <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

xml

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
  <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
  <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle

kotlin

dependencies {
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-cache")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
  testImplementation("org.mockito:mockito-core")
  testImplementation("org.assertj:assertj-core")
}

kotlin

dependencies {
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-cache")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
  testImplementation("org.mockito:mockito-core")
  testImplementation("org.assertj:assertj-core")
}

Basic Pattern: Testing @Cacheable

基础模式：测试@Cacheable

Cache Hit and Miss Behavior

缓存命中与未命中行为

java

// Service with caching
@Service
public class UserService {

  private final UserRepository userRepository;

  public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
    this.userRepository = userRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable("users")
  public User getUserById(Long id) {
    return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }
}

// Test caching behavior
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
class CacheTestConfig {
  @Bean
  public CacheManager cacheManager() {
    return new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("users");
  }
}

class UserServiceCachingTest {

  private UserRepository userRepository;
  private UserService userService;
  private CacheManager cacheManager;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    userRepository = mock(UserRepository.class);
    cacheManager = new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("users");
    userService = new UserService(userRepository);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCacheUserAfterFirstCall() {
    User user = new User(1L, "Alice");
    when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));

    User firstCall = userService.getUserById(1L);
    User secondCall = userService.getUserById(1L);

    assertThat(firstCall).isEqualTo(secondCall);
    verify(userRepository, times(1)).findById(1L); // Called only once due to cache
  }

  @Test
  void shouldReturnCachedValueOnSecondCall() {
    User user = new User(1L, "Alice");
    when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));

    userService.getUserById(1L); // First call - hits database
    User cachedResult = userService.getUserById(1L); // Second call - hits cache

    assertThat(cachedResult).isEqualTo(user);
    verify(userRepository, times(1)).findById(1L);
  }
}

java

// 带缓存功能的服务
@Service
public class UserService {

  private final UserRepository userRepository;

  public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
    this.userRepository = userRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable("users")
  public User getUserById(Long id) {
    return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }
}

// 测试缓存行为
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
class CacheTestConfig {
  @Bean
  public CacheManager cacheManager() {
    return new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("users");
  }
}

class UserServiceCachingTest {

  private UserRepository userRepository;
  private UserService userService;
  private CacheManager cacheManager;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    userRepository = mock(UserRepository.class);
    cacheManager = new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("users");
    userService = new UserService(userRepository);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCacheUserAfterFirstCall() {
    User user = new User(1L, "Alice");
    when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));

    User firstCall = userService.getUserById(1L);
    User secondCall = userService.getUserById(1L);

    assertThat(firstCall).isEqualTo(secondCall);
    verify(userRepository, times(1)).findById(1L); // 因缓存仅调用一次
  }

  @Test
  void shouldReturnCachedValueOnSecondCall() {
    User user = new User(1L, "Alice");
    when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));

    userService.getUserById(1L); // 第一次调用 - 访问数据库
    User cachedResult = userService.getUserById(1L); // 第二次调用 - 访问缓存

    assertThat(cachedResult).isEqualTo(user);
    verify(userRepository, times(1)).findById(1L);
  }
}

Testing @CacheEvict

测试@CacheEvict

Cache Invalidation

缓存失效

java

@Service
public class ProductService {

  private final ProductRepository productRepository;

  public ProductService(ProductRepository productRepository) {
    this.productRepository = productRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable("products")
  public Product getProductById(Long id) {
    return productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }

  @CacheEvict("products")
  public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
    productRepository.deleteById(id);
  }

  @CacheEvict(value = "products", allEntries = true)
  public void clearAllProducts() {
    // Clear entire cache
  }
}

class ProductCacheEvictTest {

  private ProductRepository productRepository;
  private ProductService productService;
  private CacheManager cacheManager;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    productRepository = mock(ProductRepository.class);
    cacheManager = new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("products");
    productService = new ProductService(productRepository);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldEvictProductFromCacheWhenDeleted() {
    Product product = new Product(1L, "Laptop", 999.99);
    when(productRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(product));

    productService.getProductById(1L); // Cache the product

    productService.deleteProduct(1L); // Evict from cache

    User cachedAfterEvict = userService.getUserById(1L);
    
    // After eviction, repository should be called again
    verify(productRepository, times(2)).findById(1L);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClearAllEntriesFromCache() {
    Product product1 = new Product(1L, "Laptop", 999.99);
    Product product2 = new Product(2L, "Mouse", 29.99);
    when(productRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(product1));
    when(productRepository.findById(2L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(product2));

    productService.getProductById(1L);
    productService.getProductById(2L);

    productService.clearAllProducts(); // Clear all cache entries

    productService.getProductById(1L);
    productService.getProductById(2L);

    // Repository called twice for each product
    verify(productRepository, times(2)).findById(1L);
    verify(productRepository, times(2)).findById(2L);
  }
}

java

@Service
public class ProductService {

  private final ProductRepository productRepository;

  public ProductService(ProductRepository productRepository) {
    this.productRepository = productRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable("products")
  public Product getProductById(Long id) {
    return productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }

  @CacheEvict("products")
  public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
    productRepository.deleteById(id);
  }

  @CacheEvict(value = "products", allEntries = true)
  public void clearAllProducts() {
    // 清空整个缓存
  }
}

class ProductCacheEvictTest {

  private ProductRepository productRepository;
  private ProductService productService;
  private CacheManager cacheManager;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    productRepository = mock(ProductRepository.class);
    cacheManager = new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("products");
    productService = new ProductService(productRepository);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldEvictProductFromCacheWhenDeleted() {
    Product product = new Product(1L, "Laptop", 999.99);
    when(productRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(product));

    productService.getProductById(1L); // 缓存产品

    productService.deleteProduct(1L); // 从缓存中移除

    Product cachedAfterEvict = productService.getProductById(1L);
    
    // 失效后，应再次调用仓库
    verify(productRepository, times(2)).findById(1L);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClearAllEntriesFromCache() {
    Product product1 = new Product(1L, "Laptop", 999.99);
    Product product2 = new Product(2L, "Mouse", 29.99);
    when(productRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(product1));
    when(productRepository.findById(2L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(product2));

    productService.getProductById(1L);
    productService.getProductById(2L);

    productService.clearAllProducts(); // 清空所有缓存条目

    productService.getProductById(1L);
    productService.getProductById(2L);

    // 每个产品的仓库调用次数为2次
    verify(productRepository, times(2)).findById(1L);
    verify(productRepository, times(2)).findById(2L);
  }
}

Testing @CachePut

测试@CachePut

Cache Update

缓存更新

java

@Service
public class OrderService {

  private final OrderRepository orderRepository;

  public OrderService(OrderRepository orderRepository) {
    this.orderRepository = orderRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable("orders")
  public Order getOrder(Long id) {
    return orderRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }

  @CachePut(value = "orders", key = "#order.id")
  public Order updateOrder(Order order) {
    return orderRepository.save(order);
  }
}

class OrderCachePutTest {

  private OrderRepository orderRepository;
  private OrderService orderService;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    orderRepository = mock(OrderRepository.class);
    orderService = new OrderService(orderRepository);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldUpdateCacheWhenOrderIsUpdated() {
    Order originalOrder = new Order(1L, "Pending", 100.0);
    Order updatedOrder = new Order(1L, "Shipped", 100.0);

    when(orderRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(originalOrder));
    when(orderRepository.save(updatedOrder)).thenReturn(updatedOrder);

    orderService.getOrder(1L);
    Order result = orderService.updateOrder(updatedOrder);

    assertThat(result.getStatus()).isEqualTo("Shipped");
    
    // Next call should return updated version from cache
    Order cachedOrder = orderService.getOrder(1L);
    assertThat(cachedOrder.getStatus()).isEqualTo("Shipped");
  }
}

java

@Service
public class OrderService {

  private final OrderRepository orderRepository;

  public OrderService(OrderRepository orderRepository) {
    this.orderRepository = orderRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable("orders")
  public Order getOrder(Long id) {
    return orderRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }

  @CachePut(value = "orders", key = "#order.id")
  public Order updateOrder(Order order) {
    return orderRepository.save(order);
  }
}

class OrderCachePutTest {

  private OrderRepository orderRepository;
  private OrderService orderService;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    orderRepository = mock(OrderRepository.class);
    orderService = new OrderService(orderRepository);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldUpdateCacheWhenOrderIsUpdated() {
    Order originalOrder = new Order(1L, "Pending", 100.0);
    Order updatedOrder = new Order(1L, "Shipped", 100.0);

    when(orderRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(originalOrder));
    when(orderRepository.save(updatedOrder)).thenReturn(updatedOrder);

    orderService.getOrder(1L);
    Order result = orderService.updateOrder(updatedOrder);

    assertThat(result.getStatus()).isEqualTo("Shipped");
    
    // 下一次调用应从缓存返回更新后的版本
    Order cachedOrder = orderService.getOrder(1L);
    assertThat(cachedOrder.getStatus()).isEqualTo("Shipped");
  }
}

Testing Conditional Caching

测试条件缓存

Cache with Conditions

带条件的缓存

java

@Service
public class DataService {

  private final DataRepository dataRepository;

  public DataService(DataRepository dataRepository) {
    this.dataRepository = dataRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "data", unless = "#result == null")
  public Data getData(Long id) {
    return dataRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "users", condition = "#id > 0")
  public User getUser(Long id) {
    return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }
}

class ConditionalCachingTest {

  @Test
  void shouldNotCacheNullResults() {
    DataRepository dataRepository = mock(DataRepository.class);
    when(dataRepository.findById(999L)).thenReturn(Optional.empty());

    DataService service = new DataService(dataRepository);

    service.getData(999L);
    service.getData(999L);

    // Should call repository twice because null results are not cached
    verify(dataRepository, times(2)).findById(999L);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldNotCacheWhenConditionIsFalse() {
    UserRepository userRepository = mock(UserRepository.class);
    User user = new User(1L, "Alice");
    when(userRepository.findById(-1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));

    DataService service = new DataService(null);

    service.getUser(-1L);
    service.getUser(-1L);

    // Should call repository twice because id <= 0 doesn't match condition
    verify(userRepository, times(2)).findById(-1L);
  }
}

java

@Service
public class DataService {

  private final DataRepository dataRepository;

  public DataService(DataRepository dataRepository) {
    this.dataRepository = dataRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "data", unless = "#result == null")
  public Data getData(Long id) {
    return dataRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "users", condition = "#id > 0")
  public User getUser(Long id) {
    return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
  }
}

class ConditionalCachingTest {

  @Test
  void shouldNotCacheNullResults() {
    DataRepository dataRepository = mock(DataRepository.class);
    when(dataRepository.findById(999L)).thenReturn(Optional.empty());

    DataService service = new DataService(dataRepository);

    service.getData(999L);
    service.getData(999L);

    // 应调用仓库两次，因为空结果不会被缓存
    verify(dataRepository, times(2)).findById(999L);
  }

  @Test
  void shouldNotCacheWhenConditionIsFalse() {
    UserRepository userRepository = mock(UserRepository.class);
    User user = new User(1L, "Alice");
    when(userRepository.findById(-1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));

    DataService service = new DataService(null);

    service.getUser(-1L);
    service.getUser(-1L);

    // 应调用仓库两次，因为id <= 0不满足条件
    verify(userRepository, times(2)).findById(-1L);
  }
}

Testing Cache Keys

测试缓存键

Verify Cache Key Generation

验证缓存键生成

java

@Service
public class InventoryService {

  private final InventoryRepository inventoryRepository;

  public InventoryService(InventoryRepository inventoryRepository) {
    this.inventoryRepository = inventoryRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "inventory", key = "#productId + '-' + #warehouseId")
  public InventoryItem getInventory(Long productId, Long warehouseId) {
    return inventoryRepository.findByProductAndWarehouse(productId, warehouseId);
  }
}

class CacheKeyTest {

  @Test
  void shouldGenerateCorrectCacheKey() {
    InventoryRepository repository = mock(InventoryRepository.class);
    InventoryItem item = new InventoryItem(1L, 1L, 100);
    when(repository.findByProductAndWarehouse(1L, 1L)).thenReturn(item);

    InventoryService service = new InventoryService(repository);

    service.getInventory(1L, 1L); // Cache: "1-1"
    service.getInventory(1L, 1L); // Hit cache: "1-1"
    service.getInventory(2L, 1L); // Miss cache: "2-1"

    verify(repository, times(2)).findByProductAndWarehouse(any(), any());
  }
}

java

@Service
public class InventoryService {

  private final InventoryRepository inventoryRepository;

  public InventoryService(InventoryRepository inventoryRepository) {
    this.inventoryRepository = inventoryRepository;
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "inventory", key = "#productId + '-' + #warehouseId")
  public InventoryItem getInventory(Long productId, Long warehouseId) {
    return inventoryRepository.findByProductAndWarehouse(productId, warehouseId);
  }
}

class CacheKeyTest {

  @Test
  void shouldGenerateCorrectCacheKey() {
    InventoryRepository repository = mock(InventoryRepository.class);
    InventoryItem item = new InventoryItem(1L, 1L, 100);
    when(repository.findByProductAndWarehouse(1L, 1L)).thenReturn(item);

    InventoryService service = new InventoryService(repository);

    service.getInventory(1L, 1L); // 缓存键："1-1"
    service.getInventory(1L, 1L); // 命中缓存："1-1"
    service.getInventory(2L, 1L); // 未命中缓存："2-1"

    verify(repository, times(2)).findByProductAndWarehouse(any(), any());
  }
}

Best Practices

最佳实践

Use in-memory CacheManager for unit tests
Verify repository calls to confirm cache hits/misses
Test both positive and negative cache scenarios
Test cache invalidation thoroughly
Test conditional caching with various conditions
Keep cache configuration simple in tests
Mock dependencies that services use

在单元测试中使用内存型CacheManager
验证仓库调用次数以确认缓存命中/未命中
测试正向和负向缓存场景
全面测试缓存失效
测试各种条件下的条件缓存
在测试中保持缓存配置简单
模拟服务依赖的组件

Common Pitfalls

常见陷阱

Testing actual cache infrastructure instead of caching logic
Not verifying repository call counts
Forgetting to test cache eviction
Not testing conditional caching
Not resetting cache between tests

测试实际缓存基础设施而非缓存逻辑
未验证仓库调用次数
忘记测试缓存失效
未测试条件缓存
测试之间未重置缓存

Troubleshooting

故障排除

Cache not working in tests: Ensure

@EnableCaching

is in test configuration.

Wrong cache key generated: Use

SpEL

syntax correctly in

@Cacheable(key = "...")

Cache not evicting: Verify

@CacheEvict

key matches stored key exactly.

测试中缓存不生效：确保测试配置中添加了

@EnableCaching

。

生成错误的缓存键：在

@Cacheable(key = "...")

中正确使用SpEL语法。

缓存未失效：验证

@CacheEvict

的键与存储的键完全匹配。

unit-test-caching

Original

Translation

Unit Testing Spring Caching

Spring缓存的单元测试

When to Use This Skill

何时使用该技能

Setup: Caching Testing

准备工作：缓存测试环境搭建

Maven

Maven

Gradle

Gradle

Basic Pattern: Testing @Cacheable

基础模式：测试@Cacheable

Cache Hit and Miss Behavior

缓存命中与未命中行为

Testing @CacheEvict

测试@CacheEvict

Cache Invalidation

缓存失效

Testing @CachePut

测试@CachePut

Cache Update

缓存更新

Testing Conditional Caching

测试条件缓存

Cache with Conditions

带条件的缓存

Testing Cache Keys

测试缓存键

Verify Cache Key Generation

验证缓存键生成

Best Practices

最佳实践

Common Pitfalls

常见陷阱

Troubleshooting

故障排除

References

参考资料