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Unit Testing Security and Authorization

安全与授权的单元测试

Overview

概述

This skill provides patterns for unit testing Spring Security authorization logic using @PreAuthorize, @Secured, @RolesAllowed, and custom permission evaluators. It covers testing role-based access control (RBAC), expression-based authorization, custom permission evaluators, and verifying access denied scenarios without full Spring Security context.
本技能提供使用@PreAuthorize、@Secured、@RolesAllowed以及自定义权限评估器进行Spring Security授权逻辑单元测试的模式。内容涵盖基于角色的访问控制（RBAC）测试、基于表达式的授权测试、自定义权限评估器测试，以及无需完整Spring Security上下文即可验证访问被拒绝的场景。

When to Use

适用场景

Use this skill when:
  • Testing @PreAuthorize and @Secured method-level security
  • Testing role-based access control (RBAC)
  • Testing custom permission evaluators
  • Verifying access denied scenarios
  • Testing authorization with authenticated principals
  • Want fast authorization tests without full Spring Security context
当你需要以下操作时使用本技能：
  • 测试@PreAuthorize和@Secured方法级安全
  • 测试基于角色的访问控制（RBAC）
  • 测试自定义权限评估器
  • 验证访问被拒绝的场景
  • 测试已认证主体的授权
  • 希望在无需完整Spring Security上下文的情况下快速进行授权测试

Instructions

操作步骤

Follow these steps to test Spring Security authorization:
按照以下步骤测试Spring Security授权：

1. Set Up Security Testing Dependencies

1. 配置安全测试依赖

Add spring-security-test to your test dependencies along with JUnit 5 and AssertJ.
在测试依赖中添加spring-security-test，同时引入JUnit 5和AssertJ。

2. Enable Method Security in Configuration

2. 在配置中启用方法安全

Use @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) to activate @PreAuthorize annotations.
使用@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)来激活@PreAuthorize注解。

3. Create Test with @WithMockUser

3. 使用@WithMockUser创建测试

Apply @WithMockUser annotation to simulate authenticated users with specific roles and authorities.
应用@WithMockUser注解来模拟具有特定角色和权限的已认证用户。

4. Test Both Allow and Deny Scenarios

4. 测试允许和拒绝两种场景

For each security rule, test that authorized users can access the method and unauthorized users receive AccessDeniedException.
针对每条安全规则，测试授权用户可以访问方法，未授权用户会收到AccessDeniedException。

5. Test Expression-Based Authorization

5. 测试基于表达式的授权

Verify complex expressions like authentication.principal.username == #owner work correctly.
验证复杂表达式（如authentication.principal.username == #owner）是否正常工作。

6. Test Custom Permission Evaluators

6. 测试自定义权限评估器

Unit test custom PermissionEvaluator implementations by creating Authentication objects and calling hasPermission directly.
通过创建Authentication对象并直接调用hasPermission来对自定义PermissionEvaluator实现进行单元测试。

7. Verify Method Interactions

7. 验证方法交互

Mock external dependencies and verify that security checks don't interfere with business logic.
模拟外部依赖，验证安全检查不会干扰业务逻辑。

Examples

示例

Setup: Security Testing

配置：安全测试

Maven

Maven

xml
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
xml
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle

Gradle

kotlin
dependencies {
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.security:spring-security-test")
}
kotlin
dependencies {
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.security:spring-security-test")
}

Basic Pattern: Testing @PreAuthorize

基础模式：测试@PreAuthorize

Simple Role-Based Access Control

简单基于角色的访问控制

java
// Service with security annotations
@Service
public class UserService {

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
    // delete logic
  }

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")
  public User getCurrentUser() {
    // get user logic
  }

  @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN', 'MANAGER')")
  public List<User> listAllUsers() {
    // list logic
  }
}

// Unit test
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithMockUser;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

class UserServiceSecurityTest {

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToDeleteUser() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
  void shouldDenyUserFromDeletingUser() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminAndManagerToListUsers() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.listAllUsers())
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyAnonymousUserAccess() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}
java
// Service with security annotations
@Service
public class UserService {

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
    // delete logic
  }

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")
  public User getCurrentUser() {
    // get user logic
  }

  @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN', 'MANAGER')")
  public List<User> listAllUsers() {
    // list logic
  }
}

// Unit test
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithMockUser;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

class UserServiceSecurityTest {

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToDeleteUser() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
  void shouldDenyUserFromDeletingUser() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminAndManagerToListUsers() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.listAllUsers())
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyAnonymousUserAccess() {
    UserService service = new UserService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}

Testing @Secured Annotation

测试@Secured注解

Legacy Security Configuration

传统安全配置

java
@Service
public class OrderService {

  @Secured("ROLE_ADMIN")
  public Order approveOrder(Long orderId) {
    // approval logic
  }

  @Secured({"ROLE_ADMIN", "ROLE_MANAGER"})
  public List<Order> getOrders() {
    // get orders
  }
}

class OrderSecurityTest {

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToApproveOrder() {
    OrderService service = new OrderService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.approveOrder(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
  void shouldDenyUserFromApprovingOrder() {
    OrderService service = new OrderService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.approveOrder(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}
java
@Service
public class OrderService {

  @Secured("ROLE_ADMIN")
  public Order approveOrder(Long orderId) {
    // approval logic
  }

  @Secured({"ROLE_ADMIN", "ROLE_MANAGER"})
  public List<Order> getOrders() {
    // get orders
  }
}

class OrderSecurityTest {

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToApproveOrder() {
    OrderService service = new OrderService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.approveOrder(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
  void shouldDenyUserFromApprovingOrder() {
    OrderService service = new OrderService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.approveOrder(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}

Testing Controller Security with MockMvc

使用MockMvc测试控制器安全

Secure REST Endpoints

安全的REST端点

java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/admin")
public class AdminController {

  @GetMapping("/users")
  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  public List<UserDto> listAllUsers() {
    // logic
  }

  @DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
    // delete logic
  }
}

// Testing with MockMvc
import org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithMockUser;
import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.request.SecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

class AdminControllerSecurityTest {

  private MockMvc mockMvc;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders
      .standaloneSetup(new AdminController())
      .apply(springSecurity())
      .build();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToListUsers() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/admin/users"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk());
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
  void shouldDenyUserFromListingUsers() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/admin/users"))
      .andExpect(status().isForbidden());
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyAnonymousAccessToAdminEndpoint() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/admin/users"))
      .andExpect(status().isUnauthorized());
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToDeleteUser() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(delete("/api/admin/users/1"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk());
  }
}
java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/admin")
public class AdminController {

  @GetMapping("/users")
  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  public List<UserDto> listAllUsers() {
    // logic
  }

  @DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
    // delete logic
  }
}

// Testing with MockMvc
import org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithMockUser;
import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.request.SecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

class AdminControllerSecurityTest {

  private MockMvc mockMvc;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders
      .standaloneSetup(new AdminController())
      .apply(springSecurity())
      .build();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToListUsers() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/admin/users"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk());
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
  void shouldDenyUserFromListingUsers() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/admin/users"))
      .andExpect(status().isForbidden());
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyAnonymousAccessToAdminEndpoint() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/admin/users"))
      .andExpect(status().isUnauthorized());
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToDeleteUser() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(delete("/api/admin/users/1"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk());
  }
}

Testing Expression-Based Authorization

测试基于表达式的授权

Complex Permission Expressions

复杂权限表达式

java
@Service
public class DocumentService {

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN') or authentication.principal.username == #owner")
  public Document getDocument(String owner, Long docId) {
    // get document
  }

  @PreAuthorize("hasPermission(#docId, 'Document', 'WRITE')")
  public void updateDocument(Long docId, String content) {
    // update logic
  }

  @PreAuthorize("#userId == authentication.principal.id")
  public UserProfile getUserProfile(Long userId) {
    // get profile
  }
}

class ExpressionBasedSecurityTest {

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice", roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToAccessAnyDocument() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.getDocument("bob", 1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice")
  void shouldAllowOwnerToAccessOwnDocument() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.getDocument("alice", 1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice")
  void shouldDenyUserAccessToOtherUserDocument() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.getDocument("bob", 1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice", id = "1")
  void shouldAllowUserToAccessOwnProfile() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.getUserProfile(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice", id = "1")
  void shouldDenyUserAccessToOtherProfile() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.getUserProfile(999L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}
java
@Service
public class DocumentService {

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN') or authentication.principal.username == #owner")
  public Document getDocument(String owner, Long docId) {
    // get document
  }

  @PreAuthorize("hasPermission(#docId, 'Document', 'WRITE')")
  public void updateDocument(Long docId, String content) {
    // update logic
  }

  @PreAuthorize("#userId == authentication.principal.id")
  public UserProfile getUserProfile(Long userId) {
    // get profile
  }
}

class ExpressionBasedSecurityTest {

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice", roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowAdminToAccessAnyDocument() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.getDocument("bob", 1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice")
  void shouldAllowOwnerToAccessOwnDocument() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.getDocument("alice", 1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice")
  void shouldDenyUserAccessToOtherUserDocument() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.getDocument("bob", 1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice", id = "1")
  void shouldAllowUserToAccessOwnProfile() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatCode(() -> service.getUserProfile(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @Test
  @WithMockUser(username = "alice", id = "1")
  void shouldDenyUserAccessToOtherProfile() {
    DocumentService service = new DocumentService();
    
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.getUserProfile(999L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}

Testing Custom Permission Evaluator

测试自定义权限评估器

Create and Test Custom Permission Logic

创建并测试自定义权限逻辑

java
// Custom permission evaluator
@Component
public class DocumentPermissionEvaluator implements PermissionEvaluator {

  private final DocumentRepository documentRepository;

  public DocumentPermissionEvaluator(DocumentRepository documentRepository) {
    this.documentRepository = documentRepository;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Object targetDomainObject, Object permission) {
    if (authentication == null) return false;
    
    Document document = (Document) targetDomainObject;
    String userUsername = authentication.getName();
    
    return document.getOwner().getUsername().equals(userUsername) ||
           userHasRole(authentication, "ADMIN");
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Serializable targetId, String targetType, Object permission) {
    if (authentication == null) return false;
    if (!"Document".equals(targetType)) return false;

    Document document = documentRepository.findById((Long) targetId).orElse(null);
    if (document == null) return false;

    return hasPermission(authentication, document, permission);
  }

  private boolean userHasRole(Authentication authentication, String role) {
    return authentication.getAuthorities().stream()
      .anyMatch(auth -> auth.getAuthority().equals("ROLE_" + role));
  }
}

// Unit test for custom evaluator
class DocumentPermissionEvaluatorTest {

  private DocumentPermissionEvaluator evaluator;
  private DocumentRepository documentRepository;
  private Authentication adminAuth;
  private Authentication userAuth;
  private Document document;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    documentRepository = mock(DocumentRepository.class);
    evaluator = new DocumentPermissionEvaluator(documentRepository);

    document = new Document(1L, "Test Doc", new User("alice"));

    adminAuth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
      "admin",
      null,
      List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"))
    );

    userAuth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
      "alice",
      null,
      List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"))
    );
  }

  @Test
  void shouldGrantPermissionToDocumentOwner() {
    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(userAuth, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isTrue();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyPermissionToNonOwner() {
    Authentication otherUserAuth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
      "bob",
      null,
      List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"))
    );

    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(otherUserAuth, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isFalse();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldGrantPermissionToAdmin() {
    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(adminAuth, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isTrue();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyNullAuthentication() {
    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(null, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isFalse();
  }
}
java
// Custom permission evaluator
@Component
public class DocumentPermissionEvaluator implements PermissionEvaluator {

  private final DocumentRepository documentRepository;

  public DocumentPermissionEvaluator(DocumentRepository documentRepository) {
    this.documentRepository = documentRepository;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Object targetDomainObject, Object permission) {
    if (authentication == null) return false;
    
    Document document = (Document) targetDomainObject;
    String userUsername = authentication.getName();
    
    return document.getOwner().getUsername().equals(userUsername) ||
           userHasRole(authentication, "ADMIN");
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Serializable targetId, String targetType, Object permission) {
    if (authentication == null) return false;
    if (!"Document".equals(targetType)) return false;

    Document document = documentRepository.findById((Long) targetId).orElse(null);
    if (document == null) return false;

    return hasPermission(authentication, document, permission);
  }

  private boolean userHasRole(Authentication authentication, String role) {
    return authentication.getAuthorities().stream()
      .anyMatch(auth -> auth.getAuthority().equals("ROLE_" + role));
  }
}

// Unit test for custom evaluator
class DocumentPermissionEvaluatorTest {

  private DocumentPermissionEvaluator evaluator;
  private DocumentRepository documentRepository;
  private Authentication adminAuth;
  private Authentication userAuth;
  private Document document;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    documentRepository = mock(DocumentRepository.class);
    evaluator = new DocumentPermissionEvaluator(documentRepository);

    document = new Document(1L, "Test Doc", new User("alice"));

    adminAuth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
      "admin",
      null,
      List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"))
    );

    userAuth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
      "alice",
      null,
      List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"))
    );
  }

  @Test
  void shouldGrantPermissionToDocumentOwner() {
    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(userAuth, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isTrue();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyPermissionToNonOwner() {
    Authentication otherUserAuth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
      "bob",
      null,
      List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"))
    );

    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(otherUserAuth, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isFalse();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldGrantPermissionToAdmin() {
    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(adminAuth, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isTrue();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldDenyNullAuthentication() {
    boolean hasPermission = evaluator.hasPermission(null, document, "WRITE");
    
    assertThat(hasPermission).isFalse();
  }
}

Testing Multiple Roles

测试多角色

Parameterized Role Testing

参数化角色测试

java
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;

class RoleBasedAccessTest {

  private AdminService service;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    service = new AdminService();
  }

  @ParameterizedTest
  @ValueSource(strings = {"ADMIN", "SUPER_ADMIN", "SYSTEM"})
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowPrivilegedRolesToDeleteUser(String role) {
    assertThatCode(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @ParameterizedTest
  @ValueSource(strings = {"USER", "GUEST", "READONLY"})
  void shouldDenyUnprivilegedRolesToDeleteUser(String role) {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}
java
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;

class RoleBasedAccessTest {

  private AdminService service;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    service = new AdminService();
  }

  @ParameterizedTest
  @ValueSource(strings = {"ADMIN", "SUPER_ADMIN", "SYSTEM"})
  @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
  void shouldAllowPrivilegedRolesToDeleteUser(String role) {
    assertThatCode(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .doesNotThrowAnyException();
  }

  @ParameterizedTest
  @ValueSource(strings = {"USER", "GUEST", "READONLY"})
  void shouldDenyUnprivilegedRolesToDeleteUser(String role) {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.deleteUser(1L))
      .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
  }
}

Best Practices

最佳实践

  • Use @WithMockUser for setting authenticated user context
  • Test both allow and deny cases for each security rule
  • Test with different roles to verify role-based decisions
  • Test expression-based security comprehensively
  • Mock external dependencies (permission evaluators, etc.)
  • Test anonymous access separately from authenticated access
  • Use @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity in configuration for method-level security
  • 使用@WithMockUser 设置已认证用户上下文
  • 测试允许和拒绝两种场景 针对每条安全规则
  • 测试不同角色 验证基于角色的决策
  • 全面测试基于表达式的安全
  • 模拟外部依赖（如权限评估器等）
  • 单独测试匿名访问 与已认证访问区分开
  • 在配置中使用@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity 启用方法级安全

Common Pitfalls

常见误区

  • Forgetting to enable method security in test configuration
  • Not testing both allow and deny scenarios
  • Testing framework code instead of authorization logic
  • Not handling null authentication in tests
  • Mixing authentication and authorization tests unnecessarily
  • 忘记在测试配置中启用方法安全
  • 未测试允许和拒绝两种场景
  • 测试框架代码而非授权逻辑
  • 未在测试中处理空认证情况
  • 不必要地混合认证和授权测试

Constraints and Warnings

约束与注意事项

  • Method security requires proxy: @PreAuthorize works via proxies; direct method calls bypass security
  • @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity: Must be enabled for @PreAuthorize, @Secured to work
  • Role prefix: Spring adds "ROLE_" prefix automatically; use hasRole('ADMIN') not hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')
  • Authentication context: Security context is thread-local; be careful with async tests
  • @WithMockUser limitations: Creates a simple Authentication; complex auth scenarios need custom setup
  • SpEL expressions: Complex SpEL in @PreAuthorize can be difficult to debug; test thoroughly
  • Performance impact: Method security adds overhead; consider security at layer boundaries
  • 方法安全需要代理：@PreAuthorize通过代理工作；直接调用方法会绕过安全检查
  • @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity：必须启用该注解，@PreAuthorize、@Secured才能生效
  • 角色前缀：Spring会自动添加"ROLE_"前缀；使用hasRole('ADMIN')而非hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')
  • 认证上下文：安全上下文是线程局部的；异步测试时需注意
  • @WithMockUser的局限性：创建简单的Authentication；复杂认证场景需要自定义配置
  • SpEL表达式：@PreAuthorize中的复杂SpEL表达式难以调试；需全面测试
  • 性能影响：方法安全会增加开销；考虑在层边界处设置安全检查

Examples

示例

Input: Service Without Security Testing

输入：未进行安全测试的服务

java
@Service
public class AdminService {
    public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
        // Delete logic without security check
    }
}
java
@Service
public class AdminService {
    public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
        // Delete logic without security check
    }
}

Output: Service With Security Test Coverage

输出：具备安全测试覆盖的服务

java
@Service
public class AdminService {
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
        // Delete logic
    }
}

// Test
@Test
@WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
void shouldAllowAdminToDeleteUser() {
    assertThatCode(() -> adminService.deleteUser(1L))
        .doesNotThrowAnyException();
}

@Test
@WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
void shouldDenyUserFromDeletingUser() {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> adminService.deleteUser(1L))
        .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
}
java
@Service
public class AdminService {
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
        // Delete logic
    }
}

// Test
@Test
@WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
void shouldAllowAdminToDeleteUser() {
    assertThatCode(() -> adminService.deleteUser(1L))
        .doesNotThrowAnyException();
}

@Test
@WithMockUser(roles = "USER")
void shouldDenyUserFromDeletingUser() {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> adminService.deleteUser(1L))
        .isInstanceOf(AccessDeniedException.class);
}

Input: Manual Security Check (Anti-Pattern)

输入：手动安全检查（反模式）

java
if (user.hasRole("ADMIN")) {
    service.deleteUser(userId);
}
java
if (user.hasRole("ADMIN")) {
    service.deleteUser(userId);
}

Output: Declarative Security with Testing

输出：声明式安全与测试

java
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
    // Business logic only, security is declarative
}

// Test verifies security enforcement
@Test
@WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
void shouldExecuteDelete() {
    service.deleteUser(1L);
    verify(repository).deleteById(1L);
}
java
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
    // Business logic only, security is declarative
}

// Test verifies security enforcement
@Test
@WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
void shouldExecuteDelete() {
    service.deleteUser(1L);
    verify(repository).deleteById(1L);
}

Constraints and Warnings

约束与注意事项

AccessDeniedException not thrown: Ensure 
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
is configured.
@WithMockUser not working: Verify Spring Security test dependencies are on classpath.
Custom PermissionEvaluator not invoked: Check 
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
.
未抛出AccessDeniedException：确保已配置
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
。
@WithMockUser不生效：验证Spring Security测试依赖已在类路径中。
自定义PermissionEvaluator未被调用：检查是否配置了
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
。

References

参考资料