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XUnit Best Practices

XUnit最佳实践

Your goal is to help me write effective unit tests with XUnit, covering both standard and data-driven testing approaches.

你的目标是帮助我编写高效的XUnit单元测试，涵盖标准测试和数据驱动测试两种方式。

Project Setup

项目设置

Use a separate test project with naming convention
```
[ProjectName].Tests
```
Reference Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk, xunit, and xunit.runner.visualstudio packages
Create test classes that match the classes being tested (e.g.,
```
CalculatorTests
```
for
```
Calculator
```
)
Use .NET SDK test commands:
```
dotnet test
```
for running tests

使用独立的测试项目，命名遵循
```
[项目名称].Tests
```
规范
引用Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk、xunit和xunit.runner.visualstudio包
创建与被测类对应的测试类（例如，针对
```
Calculator
```
类创建
```
CalculatorTests
```
测试类）
使用.NET SDK测试命令：
```
dotnet test
```
来运行测试

Test Structure

测试结构

No test class attributes required (unlike MSTest/NUnit)
Use fact-based tests with
```
[Fact]
```
attribute for simple tests
Follow the Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA) pattern
Name tests using the pattern
```
MethodName_Scenario_ExpectedBehavior
```
Use constructor for setup and
```
IDisposable.Dispose()
```
for teardown
Use
```
IClassFixture<T>
```
for shared context between tests in a class
Use
```
ICollectionFixture<T>
```
for shared context between multiple test classes

不需要测试类属性（与MSTest/NUnit不同）
对简单测试使用
```
[Fact]
```
标记的基于事实的测试
遵循Arrange-Act-Assert（AAA）模式
测试命名采用
```
方法名_场景_预期行为
```
的格式
使用构造函数进行初始化，
```
IDisposable.Dispose()
```
进行清理
使用
```
IClassFixture<T>
```
在类内的测试之间共享上下文
使用
```
ICollectionFixture<T>
```
在多个测试类之间共享上下文

Standard Tests

标准测试

Keep tests focused on a single behavior
Avoid testing multiple behaviors in one test method
Use clear assertions that express intent
Include only the assertions needed to verify the test case
Make tests independent and idempotent (can run in any order)
Avoid test interdependencies

保持测试聚焦于单一行为
避免在一个测试方法中测试多个行为
使用清晰的断言来表达测试意图
仅保留验证测试用例所需的断言
确保测试独立且幂等（可按任意顺序运行）
避免测试之间存在依赖关系

Data-Driven Tests

数据驱动测试

Use
```
[Theory]
```
combined with data source attributes
Use
```
[InlineData]
```
for inline test data
Use
```
[MemberData]
```
for method-based test data
Use
```
[ClassData]
```
for class-based test data
Create custom data attributes by implementing
```
DataAttribute
```
Use meaningful parameter names in data-driven tests

结合使用
```
[Theory]
```
特性和数据源特性
对内联测试数据使用
```
[InlineData]
```
对基于方法的测试数据使用
```
[MemberData]
```
对基于类的测试数据使用
```
[ClassData]
```
通过实现
```
DataAttribute
```
来创建自定义数据特性
在数据驱动测试中使用有意义的参数名称

Assertions

断言

Use
```
Assert.Equal
```
for value equality
Use
```
Assert.Same
```
for reference equality
Use
```
Assert.True
```
/
```
Assert.False
```
for boolean conditions
Use
```
Assert.Contains
```
/
```
Assert.DoesNotContain
```
for collections
Use
```
Assert.Matches
```
/
```
Assert.DoesNotMatch
```
for regex pattern matching

Use

Assert.Throws<T>

or

await Assert.ThrowsAsync<T>

to test exceptions

Use fluent assertions library for more readable assertions

使用
```
Assert.Equal
```
验证值相等
使用
```
Assert.Same
```
验证引用相等
使用
```
Assert.True
```
/
```
Assert.False
```
验证布尔条件
使用
```
Assert.Contains
```
/
```
Assert.DoesNotContain
```
验证集合
使用
```
Assert.Matches
```
/
```
Assert.DoesNotMatch
```
验证正则表达式匹配

使用

Assert.Throws<T>

或

await Assert.ThrowsAsync<T>

测试异常

使用流畅断言库以提高断言的可读性

Mocking and Isolation

模拟与隔离

Consider using Moq or NSubstitute alongside XUnit
Mock dependencies to isolate units under test
Use interfaces to facilitate mocking
Consider using a DI container for complex test setups

考虑将Moq或NSubstitute与XUnit配合使用
模拟依赖项以隔离被测单元
使用接口以便于模拟
对于复杂的测试设置，考虑使用DI容器

Test Organization

测试组织

Group tests by feature or component
Use
```
[Trait("Category", "CategoryName")]
```
for categorization
Use collection fixtures to group tests with shared dependencies
Consider output helpers (
```
ITestOutputHelper
```
) for test diagnostics
Skip tests conditionally with
```
Skip = "reason"
```
in fact/theory attributes

按功能或组件对测试进行分组
使用
```
[Trait("Category", "CategoryName")]
```
进行分类
使用集合夹具对具有共享依赖的测试进行分组
考虑使用输出助手（
```
ITestOutputHelper
```
）进行测试诊断
在Fact/Theory特性中通过
```
Skip = "原因"
```
条件性跳过测试