rpg

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🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

RPG

A playbook for role-playing games — stats and progression, inventory/equipment, quests, dialogue, and combat. This is a compositional skill: it ties data-driven content, dialogue, and saving together. It does not re-teach those primitives; it defines the systems that make growth and choice feel meaningful, and points to the skills that implement each.

这是一份角色扮演游戏的开发指南——涵盖属性与成长、背包/装备、任务、对话及战斗系统。这是一项组合式技能：它将数据驱动的内容、对话与存档系统整合在一起。它不会重复讲解这些基础模块，而是定义让成长与选择更具意义的系统，并指明实现各模块所需的技能。

When to use

使用场景

Use when building an RPG/JRPG/action-RPG: the player has stats that grow, an inventory, quests, dialogue, and persistent progress.
Use when designing a leveling curve, a damage formula, an inventory/equipment model, or a quest state machine.

When not to use: permadeath dungeon runs with no persistent character →

roguelike

. Pure conversation/branching story →

visual-novel

. Open-world needs/crafting/base-building →

survival-crafting

. For the dialogue engine itself, use

dialogue-systems

适用于开发RPG/JRPG/动作角色扮演游戏：玩家拥有可成长的属性、背包、任务、对话以及持久化进度。
适用于设计等级曲线、伤害计算公式、背包/装备模型或任务状态机。

不适用于以下场景： 无角色持久化的永久死亡地牢跑团 → 参考

roguelike

。纯对话/分支故事 → 参考

visual-novel

。开放世界需求/制作/基地建造 → 参考

survival-crafting

。若仅需对话引擎，使用

dialogue-systems

。

Core loop

核心循环

Explore → encounter (fight / talk / solve) → earn rewards (XP, loot, story) → grow (level up, gear up, unlock) → take on harder content. The fantasy is getting stronger and shaping who your character is; every system should feed that growth-and-choice loop.

探索 → 遭遇（战斗/对话/解谜） → 获取奖励（经验值、战利品、剧情） → 成长（升级、换装、解锁内容） → 挑战更难的内容。 核心乐趣在于变得更强并塑造角色的独特性；每个系统都应服务于这个成长与选择的循环。

Must-have systems

必备系统

Stats + leveling — base attributes, derived combat stats, XP curve, level-up gains.
Inventory + equipment — data-defined items, stacking, slots, stat modifiers.
Combat — turn-based or action; damage formula, status effects, win/loss.
Quests — objectives, state machine (available→active→complete→turned-in), rewards.
Dialogue — branching lines, conditions on game state, choices that matter.
Save/load — persist character, inventory, quest progress, world flags, with versioning.
Economy + progression gating — gold/shops; gate power behind level/quest/region.
UI — HUD, inventory, quest log, dialogue box, character sheet.

属性 + 等级 — 基础属性、衍生战斗属性、经验值曲线、升级收益。
背包 + 装备 — 数据定义的物品、堆叠机制、装备栏位、属性加成。
战斗 — 回合制或动作制；伤害计算公式、状态效果、胜负判定。
任务 — 目标、状态机（可接取→进行中→完成→已交付）、奖励。
对话 — 分支台词、基于游戏状态的条件、有实际影响的选择。
存档/读档 — 持久化角色、背包、任务进度、世界标记，并支持版本控制。
经济系统 + 成长限制 — 金币/商店；通过等级/任务/区域限制角色强度。
UI界面 — Heads-Up Display（HUD）、背包界面、任务日志、对话框、角色面板。

Design knobs

设计调节项

Knob	Effect	Notes
XP curve shape	pacing of power	Fast early, slow late (see refs).
Stat→derived scaling	build diversity	One attribute shouldn't dominate.
Damage formula	tactical feel	Subtractive vs. ratio mitigation (refs).
Random variance / crit	swinginess	±10% and ~1.5× crit are safe defaults.
Drop rates / economy	reward cadence	Avoid trivializing shops with loot.
Power gating	difficulty gating	Level/region/quest locks.
Reversible modifiers	buff/gear correctness	Layer mods; never edit base stats.
Choice consequence	role-play weight	Quest/dialogue flags should branch outcomes.

调节项	效果	说明
经验值曲线形态	强度提升节奏	前期快速升级，后期缓慢升级（参考参考文献）。
基础属性→衍生属性的缩放比例	Build多样性	避免单一属性过于强势。
伤害计算公式	战术体验	减法减免 vs 比例减免（参考参考文献）。
随机波动 / 暴击	战斗随机性	±10%波动和~1.5倍暴击是安全的默认值。
掉落率 / 经济系统	奖励频率	避免战利品让商店失去价值。
强度限制	难度控制	等级/区域/任务锁。
可逆转的属性加成	增益/装备正确性	采用分层加成；绝不修改基础属性。
选择的后果	角色扮演权重	任务/对话标记应能改变后续剧情/世界状态。

Patterns

设计模式

1. Derived stats from base attributes (recompute, never store as truth)

1. 基于基础属性计算衍生属性（实时计算，绝不存储为固定值）

python

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python

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Pseudocode. Base attributes are the only "truth"; combat stats are derived each time.

伪代码。基础属性是唯一的“真实值”；战斗属性每次都实时计算。

def derive(base, mods): s = apply_modifiers(base, mods) # base + flat adds + percent, then clamp return { "max_hp": 20 + s["VIT"] * 8, "attack": s["STR"] * 2, "defense": s["VIT"] + s["AGI"] * 0.5, }

def derive(base, mods): s = apply_modifiers(base, mods) # 基础值 + 固定加成 + 百分比加成，然后限制范围 return { "max_hp": 20 + s["VIT"] * 8, "attack": s["STR"] * 2, "defense": s["VIT"] + s["AGI"] * 0.5, }

Equipping pushes a modifier; unequipping pops it. HP/attack recompute automatically.

装备时添加加成；卸下时移除加成。生命值/攻击力会自动重新计算。

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2. XP curve + level-up

2. 经验值曲线 + 升级逻辑

python

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Pseudocode. Quadratic curve: fast early levels, long late ones.

伪代码。二次曲线：前期升级快，后期升级慢。

def xp_to_next(level, base=100): return base * level * level

def gain_xp(actor, amount): actor.xp += amount while actor.xp >= xp_to_next(actor.level): actor.xp -= xp_to_next(actor.level) actor.level += 1 actor.base["STR"] += 2; actor.base["VIT"] += 2 # grant gains / skill points on_level_up(actor) # heal, unlock, notify

undefined

def xp_to_next(level, base=100): return base * level * level

def gain_xp(actor, amount): actor.xp += amount while actor.xp >= xp_to_next(actor.level): actor.xp -= xp_to_next(actor.level) actor.level += 1 actor.base["STR"] += 2; actor.base["VIT"] += 2 # 分配属性点/技能点 on_level_up(actor) # 回血、解锁内容、通知玩家

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3. Quest objective update driven by game events

3. 由游戏事件驱动的任务目标更新

python

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Pseudocode. Game events advance matching objectives; completion grants rewards.

伪代码。游戏事件推进匹配的任务目标；完成后给予奖励。

def on_event(kind, data): for q in active_quests: for obj in q.objectives: if obj.event == kind and matches(obj, data) and not obj.done: obj.count += 1 if obj.count >= obj.needed: obj.done = True if all(o.done for o in q.objectives): q.state = "complete" # turn-in grants xp/gold/items

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Pitfalls / failure modes

常见陷阱 / 失败模式

Editing base stats for buffs/gear → values drift and corrupt on save/reload. Keep a modifier layer; push/pop it (Pattern 1).
Storing derived stats as truth → desync after a stat change. Recompute from base.
Runaway XP/damage numbers → either an exponential curve with no cap or a subtractive formula at huge values. Pick a curve and a formula family deliberately (refs).
Content as code → every item/quest hardcoded. Define items, enemies, and quests as data (
```
godot-resources
```
/
```
unity-scriptableobjects
```
).
Save format with no version field → old saves break on update. Add a
```
version
```
and a migration path from day one (see
```
save-systems
```
).
Choices without consequences → dialogue branches that reconverge immediately feel hollow. Set flags that actually change later quests/world state.
Quest progress not persisted → reloading loses mid-quest state. Save quest state, not just completion.

直接修改基础属性来实现增益/装备效果 → 存档/读档时数值会偏移或损坏。应使用加成分层机制；添加/移除加成（参考模式1）。
存储衍生属性为固定值 → 属性变更后会出现数据不一致。应从基础属性实时计算。
经验值/伤害数值失控 → 要么是无上限的指数曲线，要么是数值过大时的减法计算公式。需谨慎选择曲线类型和公式体系（参考参考文献）。
内容硬编码 → 每个物品/任务都写死在代码里。应将物品、敌人、任务定义为数据（
```
godot-resources
```
/
```
unity-scriptableobjects
```
）。
存档格式无版本号 → 旧存档在游戏更新后会失效。从第一天起就添加
```
version
```
字段和迁移路径（参考
```
save-systems
```
）。
选择无实际后果 → 对话分支立即合并会让玩家感到空洞。应设置能真正改变后续任务/世界状态的标记。
任务进度未持久化 → 读档后丢失任务中途状态。需保存任务状态，而不仅仅是完成状态。

Composition (build it from these skills)

组合方式（通过以下技能构建）

Dialogue:
```
dialogue-systems
```
(Yarn Spinner / Ink) — branching lines, conditions, variables.
Persistence:
```
save-systems
```
— character, inventory, quest flags, world state, versioning.
Content data:
```
godot-resources
```
/
```
unity-scriptableobjects
```
— items, enemies, quests, skills as assets.
Combat AI:
```
game-ai
```
for enemy behavior; for turn order reuse the scheduler idea in
```
roguelike
```
.
UI:
```
game-ui-ux
```
for HUD/menu layout, resolution scaling, and controller/keyboard nav;
```
godot-ui-control
```
for the concrete inventory, quest log, character sheet, and dialogue box.
World:
```
level-design
```
plus your engine's tilemap/3D skill (
```
godot-tilemap
```
,
```
godot-3d-essentials
```
).

对话系统：
```
dialogue-systems
```
（Yarn Spinner / Ink）—— 分支台词、条件判断、变量。
持久化：
```
save-systems
```
— 角色、背包、任务标记、世界状态、版本控制。
内容数据：
```
godot-resources
```
/
```
unity-scriptableobjects
```
— 将物品、敌人、任务、技能定义为资源。
战斗AI：
```
game-ai
```
用于敌人行为；回合制顺序可复用
```
roguelike
```
中的调度器思路。
UI界面：
```
game-ui-ux
```
用于HUD/菜单布局、分辨率缩放、控制器/键盘导航；
```
godot-ui-control
```
用于实现具体的背包、任务日志、角色面板和对话框。
世界设计：
```
level-design
```
结合引擎的 tilemap/3D 技能（
```
godot-tilemap
```
,
```
godot-3d-essentials
```
）。

References

参考文献

For stat/damage formulas, leveling curves, turn-vs-action combat timelines, inventory/equipment data shapes, and the quest state model, read
```
references/stats-combat-quests.md
```
.

如需了解属性/伤害计算公式、等级曲线、回合制vs动作制战斗时间线、背包/装备数据结构以及任务状态模型，请阅读
```
references/stats-combat-quests.md
```
。