k6

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Original

English

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Translation

Chinese

k6

k6 is a developer-centric, open-source load testing tool suitable for testing APIs, microservices, and websites. It is written in Go but you script tests in JavaScript.

k6是一款以开发者为中心的开源负载测试工具，适用于测试API、微服务和网站。它由Go语言编写，但你可以使用JavaScript编写测试脚本。

When to Use

适用场景

API Load Testing: The gold standard for modern API performance testing.
CI/CD Integration: Very lightweight binary (or Docker), easy to gate capabilities ("fail if p95 > 500ms").
Developer Friendly: Uses JS (ES6) for scripting, so backend/frontend devs can write tests.

API负载测试：现代API性能测试的黄金标准。
CI/CD集成：体积极轻的二进制文件（或Docker镜像），轻松设置准入条件（如“若p95延迟超过500ms则测试失败”）。
开发者友好：使用JS（ES6）编写脚本，后端/前端开发者均可编写测试用例。

Quick Start

快速开始

javascript

import http from "k6/http";
import { sleep, check } from "k6";

export const options = {
  vus: 10,
  duration: "30s",
};

export default function () {
  const res = http.get("http://test.k6.io");
  check(res, {
    "status was 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
  });
  sleep(1);
}

Run with

k6 run script.js

javascript

import http from "k6/http";
import { sleep, check } from "k6";

export const options = {
  vus: 10,
  duration: "30s",
};

export default function () {
  const res = http.get("http://test.k6.io");
  check(res, {
    "status was 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
  });
  sleep(1);
}

运行命令：

k6 run script.js

。

Core Concepts

核心概念

Virtual Users (VUs)

虚拟用户（VUs）

Simulated users that run your script in a loop. They are concurrent but not browser-based (unless you use xk6-browser), so they are CPU efficient.

模拟用户循环运行你的测试脚本。它们是并发的，但并非基于浏览器（除非使用xk6-browser），因此CPU效率极高。

Checks & Thresholds

检查与阈值

Check: Boolean assertion (like an assert). Doesn't fail the test, just reports pass/fail % at end.
Threshold: Pass/Fail criteria for the CI pipeline.

javascript

export const options = {
  thresholds: {
    http_req_duration: ["p(95)<500"], // 95% of requests must complete below 500ms
  },
};

检查（Check）：布尔断言（类似断言语句）。不会导致测试失败，仅在测试结束时报告通过率/失败率。
阈值（Threshold）：用于CI流水线的通过/失败判定标准。

javascript

export const options = {
  thresholds: {
    http_req_duration: ["p(95)<500"], // 95%的请求必须在500ms内完成
  },
};

Best Practices (2025)

2025年最佳实践

Do:

Modularize: Split logic into folders. k6 supports ES modules (
```
import { ... } from './utils.js'
```
).
Use Scenarios: Mix different patterns (ramping up, constant arrival rate) in one test.
Correlate specific data: Ensure you are not just hitting cache. Use dynamic data (random IDs).

Don't:

Don't treat it like a browser: Standard k6
```
http
```
does not parse HTML or execute JS on the page. It just hits endpoints. Use
```
k6-browser
```
module if you strictly need browser rendering (but it's heavier).

建议做法：

模块化：将逻辑拆分为多个文件夹。k6支持ES模块（
```
import { ... } from './utils.js'
```
）。
使用场景（Scenarios）：在单个测试中混合不同模式（如逐步加压、恒定到达率）。
关联特定数据：确保测试并非仅命中缓存。使用动态数据（如随机ID）。

避免做法：

不要将其当作浏览器使用：标准k6的
```
http
```
模块不会解析HTML或执行页面中的JS，仅会请求端点。如果确实需要浏览器渲染，请使用
```
k6-browser
```
模块（但资源消耗更高）。

References

参考资料

k6 Documentation

k6官方文档