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MyBatis 核心 ORM 技能。覆盖 XML vs 注解 SQL选择、ResultMap复用(extends)、关联查询(association/collection join vs 嵌套select/N+1决策)、分页插件配置、#和$的SQL注入防护、动态SQL(if/where/set/foreach/choose)最佳实践、columnPrefix解决同表多次JOIN。 当用户编写 MyBatis Mapper XML、处理关联查询、配置分页、防范SQL注入时使用。
npx skill4agent add full-stack-skills/java-skills mybatis-patterns| # | 错误 | 正确做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 简单CRUD也用XML写 | |
| 2 | N+1查询:循环查子表 | Join查询(推荐) 或 association/collection + batch select |
| 3 | | 先检查 columnName 是否在白名单中,否则 SQL 注入 |
| 4 | 不配置 resultMap 用别名映射 | 定义 |
| 5 | | 只查需要的字段(尤其大字段/TEXT/BLOB) |
| 6 | 模糊查询 | |
| 7 | 多表 JOIN 不处理列名冲突 | 用别名 + resultMap column 映射 |
| 8 | 不同表 JOIN 同表两次,手动写所有列 | 用 |
<!-- 基础 ResultMap -->
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.User">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_name" property="userName"/>
<result column="email" property="email"/>
<result column="status" property="status"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 继承 + 关联(推荐 Join 方式) -->
<resultMap id="UserWithDept" extends="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.UserVO">
<association property="dept" javaType="Department"
resultMap="com.example.DeptMapper.BaseResultMap"
columnPrefix="dept_"/> <!-- ← 同名字段加前缀 -->
<collection property="roles" ofType="Role"
resultMap="com.example.RoleMapper.BaseResultMap"
columnPrefix="role_"/>
</resultMap><!-- ✅ 推荐:Join 查询 → 一次SQL,无N+1 -->
<select id="selectUserWithDept" resultMap="UserWithDept">
SELECT u.id, u.user_name, u.email, u.status,
d.id AS dept_id, d.dept_name AS dept_dept_name, <!-- ← 加前缀 -->
r.id AS role_id, r.role_name AS role_role_name
FROM sys_user u
LEFT JOIN sys_dept d ON u.dept_id = d.id
LEFT JOIN sys_user_role ur ON u.id = ur.user_id
LEFT JOIN sys_role r ON ur.role_id = r.id
WHERE u.id = #{id}
</select>
<!-- ❌ 避免:嵌套 select 导致 N+1 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithDeptNested" extends="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.UserVO">
<association property="dept" javaType="Department"
column="dept_id" select="selectDeptById"/> <!-- ← 每次查询一个部门 -->
</resultMap>
<!-- 如果查100个用户 → 1(主查询) + 100(部门查询) = 101次SQL --><select id="findByCondition" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT id, user_name, email, status, create_time
FROM sys_user
<where> <!-- ← 自动处理 AND/OR 前缀 -->
<if test="username != null and username != ''">
AND user_name LIKE CONCAT('%', #{username}, '%') <!-- ✅ 防注入 -->
</if>
<if test="status != null">
AND status = #{status}
</if>
<if test="deptId != null">
AND dept_id = #{deptId}
</if>
</where>
<if test="orderBy != null">
ORDER BY ${orderBy} <!-- ⚠️ 必须白名单校验 -->
</if>
</select>
<!-- 批量插入 -->
<insert id="batchInsert">
INSERT INTO sys_user (user_name, email, status)
VALUES
<foreach collection="list" item="user" separator=",">
(#{user.userName}, #{user.email}, #{user.status})
</foreach>
</insert>
<!-- 动态更新(set 自动去尾逗号) -->
<update id="updateSelective">
UPDATE sys_user
<set>
<if test="userName != null">user_name = #{userName},</if>
<if test="email != null">email = #{email},</if>
<if test="status != null">status = #{status},</if>
</set>
WHERE id = #{id}
</update>
<!-- choose/when/otherwise 多分支 -->
<select id="findByCondition" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT * FROM sys_user
<where>
<choose>
<when test="queryType == 'name'">AND user_name LIKE CONCAT('%', #{keyword}, '%')</when>
<when test="queryType == 'email'">AND email = #{keyword}</when>
<otherwise>AND status = 'ACTIVE'</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select><sql id="BaseColumns">
id, user_name, email, status, create_time, update_time
</sql>
<select id="selectById" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT <include refid="BaseColumns"/>
FROM sys_user WHERE id = #{id}
</select>@Select("SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE id = #{id}")
@Results(id = "userMap", value = {
@Result(column = "user_name", property = "userName"),
@Result(column = "dept_id", property = "deptId")
})
User findById(Long id);// ✅ 安全:校验排序字段在白名单中
private static final Set<String> SORT_COLUMNS = Set.of(
"create_time", "update_time", "user_name", "status"
);
public List<User> findByCondition(String orderBy, boolean asc) {
if (!SORT_COLUMNS.contains(orderBy)) {
throw new SecurityException("非法排序字段: " + orderBy);
}
// 传入 ${orderBy} 安全使用
}#{}${}${}mybatis.configuration.map-underscore-to-camel-case=trueWHERE 1=1<where><where><foreach>