startup-positioning
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ChineseStartup Positioning
创业公司定位
Market positioning strategy that produces a complete positioning document, Moore + Neumeier positioning statements, competitive alternatives map, and market category analysis. Built on April Dunford's framework, enriched with JTBD discovery and stress-tested with Neumeier's Onliness Test.
这是一套可生成完整定位文档、Moore+Neumeier定位声明、竞品替代方案图谱和市场品类分析的市场定位策略。基于April Dunford框架构建,融合了JTBD挖掘,并通过Neumeier独特性测试进行压力验证。
How It Works
工作流程
INTAKE → RESEARCH (2 parallel waves) → POSITIONING SYNTHESISThe process: understand the product and its customers, research competitive alternatives and market context, then build positioning through Dunford's 5+1 components. Typical runtime: 10-15 minutes in Claude Code (parallel agents), 20-30 minutes in Claude.ai (sequential).
INTAKE → RESEARCH (2 parallel waves) → POSITIONING SYNTHESIS流程说明:先了解产品及其客户,研究竞品替代方案和市场环境,再通过Dunford的5+1定位组件构建定位。典型运行时长:在Claude Code(并行Agent)中为10-15分钟,在Claude.ai(串行执行)中为20-30分钟。
Language
语言设置
Default output language is English. If the user writes in another language or explicitly requests one, use that language for all outputs instead.
默认输出语言为英文。若用户使用其他语言提问或明确指定语言,则所有输出均使用该语言。
Phase 1: Intake
第一阶段:信息收集
Short and focused — 1-2 rounds of questions. The goal is enough context to research alternatives and build positioning.
简短且聚焦——仅1-2轮提问。目标是获取足够的背景信息,以便研究替代方案并构建定位。
Check for Prior Work
检查已有工作成果
Before asking questions, check if prior sessions have been completed. Look for these files in the working directory or subdirectories:
From startup-design:
- — product description and context
00-intake/brief.md - — competitor profiles
01-discovery/competitor-landscape.md - — customer personas, pain points
01-discovery/target-audience.md - — initial positioning work
02-strategy/positioning.md
From startup-competitors:
- — product and market context
intake.md - — strategic competitive analysis
competitors-report.md - — per-competitor profiles
battle-cards/ - — pricing analysis
pricing-landscape.md
If these files exist, read them and use the data as a head start:
- Extract the product description, known competitors, and customer pain points
- Use competitor profiles and battle cards to seed the competitive alternatives map
- Pull any existing positioning work as a starting hypothesis to test, not a conclusion to keep
- Use customer language and pain points to inform JTBD discovery
Tell the user: "I found data from a previous session. I'll use it as a starting point for positioning analysis."
Skip redundant intake questions. Go straight to research if prior data is sufficient.
提问前,先检查是否已完成过相关环节。在工作目录或子目录中查找以下文件:
来自startup-design环节的文件:
- — 产品描述及背景信息
00-intake/brief.md - — 竞品概况
01-discovery/competitor-landscape.md - — 客户画像、痛点
01-discovery/target-audience.md - — 初始定位成果
02-strategy/positioning.md
来自startup-competitors环节的文件:
- — 产品及市场背景
intake.md - — 战略竞品分析
competitors-report.md - — 各竞品详情卡片
battle-cards/ - — 定价分析
pricing-landscape.md
若存在这些文件,读取并将其中数据作为工作起点:
- 提取产品描述、已知竞品及客户痛点
- 利用竞品概况和详情卡片初始化竞品替代方案图谱
- 将现有定位成果作为待验证的初始假设,而非既定结论
- 利用客户的语言表述和痛点来指导JTBD挖掘
告知用户:“我发现了之前环节的相关数据,将以此作为定位分析的起点。”
跳过重复的信息收集提问。若已有数据足够,直接进入研究阶段。
What to Ask (if no prior data exists)
需提问的内容(若无已有数据)
Round 1 — Core context:
- What's your product? (one sentence is fine)
- What problem does it solve and for whom?
- What do your customers do today instead of using you? (alternatives, workarounds, doing nothing)
- Who are your best existing customers? (if any — describe them, not demographics)
Round 2 — Sharpening (only if needed):
- How is your product different from the alternatives you mentioned?
- Have you tried positioning before? What didn't work?
- Are there competitors you're often compared to?
Don't over-interview. If the user gives a clear description upfront, move to research. The positioning process itself will surface what matters.
第一轮:核心背景
- 你的产品是什么?(一句话即可)
- 它为谁解决什么问题?
- 目前你的客户在不使用你的产品时,会用什么替代?(包括其他方案、临时解决办法、完全不处理)
- 你最优质的现有客户是谁?(若有,请描述他们的特征,而非人口统计数据)
第二轮:细化信息(仅在必要时)
- 你的产品与你提到的替代方案有何不同?
- 你之前尝试过定位吗?哪些地方效果不佳?
- 是否有经常被拿来和你对比的竞品?
不要过度提问。若用户一开始就给出清晰的描述,直接进入研究阶段。定位过程本身会凸显关键信息。
Output
输出成果
Save to — a brief summary of the product, problem, alternatives, and customers. If built on prior session data, note the source files used. Project name: kebab-case (e.g., ).
{project-name}/intake.mdai-email-assistantCreate with: project name, skill name (), start date, language, research mode (Live / Knowledge-Based), and a phase checklist. Update it after each phase completes. If PROGRESS.md already exists from a previous session, resume from the last incomplete phase.
{project-name}/PROGRESS.mdstartup-positioning保存至——包含产品、问题、替代方案和客户的简要总结。若基于之前环节的数据构建,请注明所使用的源文件。项目名称采用短横线分隔格式(例如:)。
{project-name}/intake.mdai-email-assistant创建,包含:项目名称、技能名称()、开始日期、语言、研究模式(实时/基于知识库)以及阶段检查清单。每个阶段完成后更新该文件。若之前环节已存在PROGRESS.md,则从最后未完成的阶段继续。
{project-name}/PROGRESS.mdstartup-positioningPhase 2: Research
第二阶段:研究阶段
Two parallel research waves exploring competitive alternatives and market context. Together they provide the raw material for Dunford's 5+1 positioning components.
分为两个并行的研究方向,探索竞品替代方案和市场环境。它们共同为Dunford的5+1定位组件提供原始素材。
Environment Detection
环境检测
Check if the tool is available:
Agent- Agent tool available (Claude Code): Spawn all agents within each wave in parallel. This is faster.
- Agent tool NOT available (Claude.ai, web): Execute research sequentially, following the same templates. Same depth, just slower.
检查工具是否可用:
Agent- Agent工具可用(Claude Code): 在每个研究方向中并行启动所有Agent,速度更快。
- Agent工具不可用(Claude.ai、网页版): 按照相同模板串行执行研究,深度相同,仅速度较慢。
Web Search
网页搜索
This skill requires WebSearch for real data. If WebSearch is unavailable or denied, fall back to Knowledge-Based Mode: use training data, mark all findings with [Knowledge-Based — verify independently], and reduce confidence ratings by one level. Note the mode in PROGRESS.md.
Reference: Readbefore starting any wave. It defines source quality tiers, cross-referencing rules, and how to handle data gaps.references/research-principles.md
本技能需要通过WebSearch获取真实数据。若WebSearch不可用或被禁用,则切换为基于知识库模式:使用训练数据,所有研究结果标注**[基于知识库——请独立验证]**,并将置信等级降低一级。在PROGRESS.md中注明当前模式。
参考: 开始任一研究方向前,请阅读。该文件定义了来源质量层级、交叉验证规则以及数据缺口的处理方式。references/research-principles.md
Wave 1: Competitive Alternatives & Customer Context
研究方向1:竞品替代方案与客户背景
Reference: Readfor agent templates.references/research-wave-1-alternatives.md
Two agents (or two sequential blocks):
A1: Alternative Mapping (JTBD Lens) — Map ALL competitive alternatives, not just direct competitors. Include: direct competitors, adjacent tools competing for the same budget, manual processes, spreadsheets, hiring someone, doing nothing / status quo. For each: what job does the customer hire it for, where does it fall short, what triggers switching? The goal is the full set of things your product replaces.
A2: Customer Intelligence — Mine voice-of-customer data: reviews, forums, communities. Extract: pain points with current alternatives, exact language customers use, what "better" means to them, best-fit customer profile (who gets the most value fastest), switching triggers (what makes someone finally change). Build a language map — the words customers use to describe their problem and desired outcome.
参考: 请阅读获取Agent模板。references/research-wave-1-alternatives.md
两个Agent(或两个串行执行模块):
A1:替代方案图谱(JTBD视角) —— 绘制所有竞品替代方案,而非仅直接竞品。包括:直接竞品、争夺同一预算的相邻工具、手动流程、电子表格、雇佣专人、完全不处理/维持现状。针对每个方案,需明确:客户选择它是为了完成什么任务?它的不足之处是什么?触发客户切换的因素是什么?目标是覆盖你的产品所能替代的所有方案。
A2:客户情报分析 —— 挖掘客户声音数据:评论、论坛、社区。提取内容包括:现有替代方案的痛点、客户使用的具体表述、对客户而言“更好”的定义、最匹配的客户画像(谁能最快获得最大价值)、切换触发因素(是什么促使客户最终做出改变)。构建语言图谱——即客户用来描述其问题和期望结果的词汇。
Wave 2: Market Frame & Trends
研究方向2:市场框架与趋势
Reference: Readfor agent templates.references/research-wave-2-market-frame.md
Two agents (or two sequential blocks):
B1: Market Category Analysis — Identify 3-5 candidate market categories. For each: what do buyers expect from this category, who are the leaders, what's the competitive dynamic, how mature is it? Apply Dunford's category types: head-to-head (existing category), big fish/small pond (subcategory), or category creation. Assess which frame makes your unique strengths matter most.
B2: Trend & Timing Analysis — Identify relevant trends: technology shifts, behavioral changes, regulatory moves. For each: is it real or hype, how does it affect buyer expectations, does it make your positioning stronger or weaker? Assess timing — are you early, on-time, or late to the trend? Only include trends that genuinely change how buyers evaluate solutions.
参考: 请阅读获取Agent模板。references/research-wave-2-market-frame.md
两个Agent(或两个串行执行模块):
B1:市场品类分析 —— 确定3-5个候选市场品类。针对每个品类,需明确:买家对该品类的期望是什么?品类领导者是谁?竞争格局如何?品类成熟度如何?应用Dunford的品类类型:正面竞争(现有品类)、大池塘里的小鱼(子品类)或创建新品类。评估哪种框架最能凸显你的独特优势。
B2:趋势与时机分析 —— 识别相关趋势:技术变革、行为变化、监管举措。针对每个趋势,需明确:这是真实趋势还是炒作?它如何影响买家期望?它会增强还是削弱你的定位?评估时机——你是早于趋势、恰逢其时还是滞后于趋势?仅纳入那些能真正改变买家评估解决方案方式的趋势。
Post-Research Checkpoint
研究后检查点
After both waves complete, before synthesis, briefly present what the research found to the user: the competitive alternative landscape (how many direct, adjacent, status quo), the strongest customer pains, and the most promising category candidates. Ask: "Does this align with your expectations? Anything to adjust before I synthesize the positioning?"
Keep it to one message — this is a quick alignment check, not a full report.
两个研究方向完成后,在合成定位成果之前,向用户简要展示研究发现:竞品替代方案格局(直接、相邻、现状方案的数量)、最突出的客户痛点以及最具潜力的候选品类。询问:“这与你的预期相符吗?在我合成定位成果之前,有什么需要调整的吗?”
内容控制在一条消息内——这只是快速对齐检查,而非完整报告。
Phase 3: Positioning Synthesis
第三阶段:定位合成
Reference: Readfor synthesis protocol and Dunford process details.references/research-synthesis.md
After the checkpoint, build positioning through Dunford's 5+1 components in order. The sequence matters — each step builds on the previous.
参考: 请阅读获取合成流程和Dunford方法的详细信息。references/research-synthesis.md
检查点确认后,按顺序通过Dunford的5+1组件构建定位。顺序至关重要——每个步骤都建立在前一个步骤的基础上。
The 5+1 Components
5+1组件
-
Competitive Alternatives — From Wave 1. What would customers use if your product didn't exist? This is the anchor — positioning is always relative.
-
Unique Attributes — What do you have that the alternatives lack? Be specific and honest. Features, architecture, team expertise, business model, speed — anything defensible.⏸ PAUSE — User Input Required. Present the research-derived attributes to the user. Ask them to confirm, add, or remove before proceeding to Value Themes. The founder knows capabilities that research can't surface.
-
Value Themes — Translate each unique attribute into a customer outcome. Attribute → "so what?" → value. Group related attributes into 2-3 value themes. Use customer language from Wave 1's language map.
-
Best-Fit Customers — From Wave 1 customer intelligence. Who cares most about your value themes? Define by characteristics that make them care, not demographics. These customers should be reachable, recognizable, and willing to pay.
-
Market Category — From Wave 2. Choose the category frame that makes your value obvious. Present 3-5 options with trade-offs. Recommend one. The right category triggers the right buyer expectations.
-
Trend Overlay (optional) — From Wave 2. Only include if a genuine trend makes your positioning stronger. Forced trend alignment is worse than none.
-
竞品替代方案 —— 来自研究方向1。如果你的产品不存在,客户会使用什么?这是定位的锚点——定位始终是相对的。
-
独特属性 —— 你拥有哪些替代方案所不具备的特质?要具体且真实。包括功能、架构、团队专业能力、商业模式、速度——任何可防御的特质。⏸ 暂停——需要用户输入。 向用户展示研究得出的属性。在进入价值主题环节前,请用户确认、添加或删除属性。创始人了解研究无法发现的能力。
-
价值主题 —— 将每个独特属性转化为客户成果。属性→“那又如何?”→价值。将相关属性归类为2-3个价值主题。使用研究方向1中语言图谱的客户表述。
-
最匹配客户 —— 来自研究方向1的客户情报。谁最关注你的价值主题?根据促使他们关注的特征来定义,而非人口统计数据。这些客户必须是可触达、可识别且愿意付费的。
-
市场品类 —— 来自研究方向2。选择最能凸显你价值的品类框架。展示3-5个带有权衡分析的选项,并推荐一个。合适的品类会触发买家的正确期望。
-
趋势叠加(可选) —— 来自研究方向2。仅当真实趋势能增强你的定位时才纳入。强行贴合趋势比不贴合更糟糕。
Validation
验证环节
Two stress tests before finalizing:
Neumeier Onliness Test:
Basic form:
"Our [product] is the only [category] that [differentiator]."
Extended form (6 elements — WHAT/HOW/WHO/WHERE/WHY/WHEN):
"Our [product] is the only [category] that [differentiator] for [target] who [need] in [context]."
If you can't fill the basic form convincingly — if "only" feels like a stretch — the positioning is too weak. Iterate.
Ries/Trout Mental Ladder:
- Is it simple enough to remember?
- Does it claim one clear rung?
- Is that rung available (not owned by a competitor)?
- Can you explain it in one sentence?
If either test fails, revisit the 5+1 components. Don't ship weak positioning.
最终确定前需进行两项压力测试:
Neumeier独特性测试:
基础形式:
“我们的[产品]是唯一一款[品类]中具备[差异化特质]的产品。”
扩展形式(6要素——产品/方式/受众/场景/原因/时机):
“我们的[产品]是唯一一款为[目标受众]在[场景]下解决[需求]的[品类]中具备[差异化特质]的产品。”
若你无法令人信服地填写基础形式——即“唯一”一词显得牵强——则说明定位过于薄弱,需要迭代优化。
Ries/Trout心智阶梯测试:
- 是否足够简单易记?
- 是否占据了一个清晰的阶梯位置?
- 该位置是否可用(未被竞品占据)?
- 能否用一句话解释清楚?
若任一测试未通过,重新审视5+1组件。不要推出薄弱的定位。
Output Files
输出文件
Every deliverable file must start with a standardized header: followed by . Every deliverable must end with Red Flags, Yellow Flags, and Sources sections (see templates in ).
# {Title}: {product}*Skill: startup-positioning | Generated: {date}*references/research-synthesis.md{project-name}/positioning-doc.md- Executive summary (positioning in 3 sentences)
- The 5+1 components with supporting evidence
- Strength assessment per component (Strong / Moderate / Needs Work)
- Strategic recommendations and next steps
- Data gaps & limitations
{project-name}/positioning-statement.md- Moore template: "For [target] who [need], [product] is a [category] that [benefit]. Unlike [alternative], we [differentiator]."
- Neumeier Onliness Statement (basic + extended)
- Elevator pitch (30-second version)
- Tagline candidates with stress-tested "Possible Misread" column
- One-liner variants for different channels (GitHub, marketplace, social, elevator)
- Freemium positioning (if applicable)
{project-name}/competitive-alternatives.md- All alternatives (direct, adjacent, manual, status quo)
- Per alternative: job hired for, strengths, shortcomings, switching triggers
- Your unique attributes vs. each alternative
{project-name}/market-category-analysis.md- 3-5 candidate categories with buyer expectations
- Category type assessment (head-to-head / subcategory / creation)
- Recommendation with reasoning
- Implementation (category label, tagline direction, buyer expectation alignment)
- Red flags and yellow flags
{project-name}/messaging-implications.md- Messaging hierarchy (what to communicate first, second, third)
- Category label (exact phrase to use everywhere)
- Value anchor (what to compare value to, separate from category)
- Customer language vs. category language map (which words are customer verbs, which are category nouns)
- Words to use / avoid
- Social proof guidelines
- Freemium positioning (if applicable)
每个交付文件必须以标准化页眉开头:,随后是。每个交付文件必须以红色警示、黄色警示和来源部分结尾(模板见)。
# {标题}: {产品}*Skill: startup-positioning | 生成日期: {日期}*references/research-synthesis.md{project-name}/positioning-doc.md- 执行摘要(用3句话概括定位)
- 带有支撑证据的5+1组件
- 每个组件的强度评估(强/中等/需优化)
- 战略建议及后续步骤
- 数据缺口及局限性
{project-name}/positioning-statement.md- Moore模板:“针对有[需求]的[目标受众],[产品]是一款[品类],能为他们带来[益处]。与[替代方案]不同,我们具备[差异化特质]。”
- Neumeier独特性声明(基础版+扩展版)
- 电梯演讲(30秒版本)
- 候选标语,附带经过压力测试的“可能误读”列
- 适用于不同渠道的一句话表述变体(GitHub、应用市场、社交平台、电梯场景)
- 免费增值模式定位(如适用)
{project-name}/competitive-alternatives.md- 所有替代方案(直接、相邻、手动、现状)
- 每个替代方案的:客户雇佣它完成的任务、优势、不足、切换触发因素
- 你的产品独特属性与各替代方案的对比
{project-name}/market-category-analysis.md- 3-5个候选品类及买家期望
- 品类类型评估(正面竞争/子品类/创建新品类)
- 带有理由的推荐方案
- 实施建议(品类标签、标语方向、买家期望对齐)
- 红色警示和黄色警示
{project-name}/messaging-implications.md- 话术层级(优先、次优先、第三优先传达的内容)
- 品类标签(所有场景统一使用的精准表述)
- 价值锚点(用于对比价值的参照,独立于品类)
- 客户语言与品类语言图谱(哪些是客户使用的动词,哪些是品类相关的名词)
- 推荐使用/避免使用的词汇
- 社交证明指南
- 免费增值模式定位(如适用)
Raw Data
原始数据
Each agent saves its raw output to . The synthesis phase reads these raw files and produces the polished deliverables above. Agents must NOT write directly to deliverable paths — raw and synthesized output are separate.
{project-name}/raw/Raw research files:
alternative-mapping.mdcustomer-intelligence.mdmarket-categories.mdtrends-timing.md
每个Agent将其原始输出保存至。合成阶段读取这些原始文件并生成上述打磨后的交付成果。Agent不得直接写入交付成果路径——原始输出与合成输出需分离。
{project-name}/raw/研究原始文件:
alternative-mapping.mdcustomer-intelligence.mdmarket-categories.mdtrends-timing.md
Honesty Protocol
诚信准则
Reference: Readfor full protocol and anti-pattern details.references/honesty-protocol.md
Positioning is only useful if it's honest. Core rules apply (label claims, quantify, declare gaps), plus positioning-specific additions:
- No aspirational positioning. Position on what you ARE, not what you hope to become. Aspirational positioning crumbles at first customer contact.
- Challenge "we're unique." The Onliness Test must be genuinely convincing. If it reads like marketing fluff, iterate.
- Research wins over narrative. When customer data contradicts internal beliefs about positioning, the data wins.
- Flag category creation risk. Most startups can't afford to educate a market. Default to existing categories unless the evidence is overwhelming.
| Anti-Pattern | What It Looks Like | What to Say |
|---|---|---|
| "We're for everyone" | No target segment defined | "If you're for everyone, you're for no one. Who cares MOST?" |
| Feature-based positioning | Leading with features not outcomes | "Customers don't buy features. What outcome do they get?" |
| Aspirational positioning | "We'll be the AI-powered..." | "Position on what you deliver today, not the roadmap." |
| Category-of-one | Inventing a category to avoid comparison | "New categories cost millions. Is there an existing frame?" |
| Copycat positioning | Same message as the market leader | "Find genuinely different ground — you can't out-position the leader." |
See for the full anti-pattern table (7 entries) and detailed protocol.
references/honesty-protocol.md参考: 请阅读获取完整准则及反模式详情。references/honesty-protocol.md
只有诚实的定位才有用。除了核心规则(标注主张、量化、声明缺口),还需遵循以下定位特定规则:
- 不做理想化定位。 基于你当前的实际情况定位,而非你希望成为的样子。理想化定位在首次与客户接触时就会崩塌。
- 质疑“我们是独特的”。 独特性测试必须真正令人信服。若听起来像营销空话,需迭代优化。
- 研究胜于主观叙事。 当客户数据与内部定位信念相矛盾时,以数据为准。
- 标注创建新品类的风险。 大多数创业公司无力承担教育市场的成本。除非证据确凿,否则默认选择现有品类。
| 反模式 | 表现形式 | 应对话术 |
|---|---|---|
| “我们面向所有人” | 未定义目标细分群体 | “如果你面向所有人,就等于面向无人。谁是最关注你的群体?” |
| 基于功能的定位 | 以功能而非成果为核心 | “客户购买的不是功能,而是成果。他们能获得什么成果?” |
| 理想化定位 | “我们将成为AI驱动的……” | “基于你当前能交付的成果定位,而非路线图上的规划。” |
| 单一品类定位 | 为避免竞争而创建新品类 | “创建新品类需要数百万成本。是否有现有框架可利用?” |
| 模仿式定位 | 与市场领导者使用相同话术 | “找到真正差异化的定位——你无法在领导者的定位上击败他们。” |
完整的反模式表格(7项)及详细准则请见。
references/honesty-protocol.mdReference Files
参考文件
Read only what you need for the current phase.
| File | When to Read | ~Lines | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Start of session | ~73 | Full honesty protocol with anti-patterns |
| Before starting Phase 2 | ~65 | Source quality, cross-referencing, data gaps |
| When running Wave 1 | ~235 | Agent templates for alternatives + customer intel |
| When running Wave 2 | ~210 | Agent templates for categories + trends |
| After both waves complete | ~380 | Synthesis protocol, Dunford process, validation tests, messaging implications |
| During Phase 3 | ~133 | Dunford/Moore/Neumeier/JTBD/Ries reference |
仅阅读当前阶段所需的文件。
| 文件 | 阅读时机 | 约行数 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 会话开始时 | ~73 | 包含反模式的完整诚信准则 |
| 开始第二阶段前 | ~65 | 来源质量、交叉验证、数据缺口处理 |
| 执行研究方向1时 | ~235 | 替代方案+客户情报的Agent模板 |
| 执行研究方向2时 | ~210 | 品类+趋势的Agent模板 |
| 两个研究方向完成后 | ~380 | 合成流程、Dunford方法、验证测试、话术影响 |
| 第三阶段期间 | ~133 | Dunford/Moore/Neumeier/JTBD/Ries框架参考 |