startup-positioning

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Startup Positioning

创业公司定位

Market positioning strategy that produces a complete positioning document, Moore + Neumeier positioning statements, competitive alternatives map, and market category analysis. Built on April Dunford's framework, enriched with JTBD discovery and stress-tested with Neumeier's Onliness Test.
这是一套可生成完整定位文档、Moore+Neumeier定位声明、竞品替代方案图谱和市场品类分析的市场定位策略。基于April Dunford框架构建,融合了JTBD挖掘,并通过Neumeier独特性测试进行压力验证。

How It Works

工作流程

INTAKE → RESEARCH (2 parallel waves) → POSITIONING SYNTHESIS
The process: understand the product and its customers, research competitive alternatives and market context, then build positioning through Dunford's 5+1 components. Typical runtime: 10-15 minutes in Claude Code (parallel agents), 20-30 minutes in Claude.ai (sequential).
INTAKE → RESEARCH (2 parallel waves) → POSITIONING SYNTHESIS
流程说明:先了解产品及其客户,研究竞品替代方案和市场环境,再通过Dunford的5+1定位组件构建定位。典型运行时长:在Claude Code(并行Agent)中为10-15分钟,在Claude.ai(串行执行)中为20-30分钟。

Language

语言设置

Default output language is English. If the user writes in another language or explicitly requests one, use that language for all outputs instead.

默认输出语言为英文。若用户使用其他语言提问或明确指定语言,则所有输出均使用该语言。

Phase 1: Intake

第一阶段:信息收集

Short and focused — 1-2 rounds of questions. The goal is enough context to research alternatives and build positioning.
简短且聚焦——仅1-2轮提问。目标是获取足够的背景信息,以便研究替代方案并构建定位。

Check for Prior Work

检查已有工作成果

Before asking questions, check if prior sessions have been completed. Look for these files in the working directory or subdirectories:
From startup-design:
  • 00-intake/brief.md
    — product description and context
  • 01-discovery/competitor-landscape.md
    — competitor profiles
  • 01-discovery/target-audience.md
    — customer personas, pain points
  • 02-strategy/positioning.md
    — initial positioning work
From startup-competitors:
  • intake.md
    — product and market context
  • competitors-report.md
    — strategic competitive analysis
  • battle-cards/
    — per-competitor profiles
  • pricing-landscape.md
    — pricing analysis
If these files exist, read them and use the data as a head start:
  • Extract the product description, known competitors, and customer pain points
  • Use competitor profiles and battle cards to seed the competitive alternatives map
  • Pull any existing positioning work as a starting hypothesis to test, not a conclusion to keep
  • Use customer language and pain points to inform JTBD discovery
Tell the user: "I found data from a previous session. I'll use it as a starting point for positioning analysis."
Skip redundant intake questions. Go straight to research if prior data is sufficient.
提问前,先检查是否已完成过相关环节。在工作目录或子目录中查找以下文件:
来自startup-design环节的文件:
  • 00-intake/brief.md
    — 产品描述及背景信息
  • 01-discovery/competitor-landscape.md
    — 竞品概况
  • 01-discovery/target-audience.md
    — 客户画像、痛点
  • 02-strategy/positioning.md
    — 初始定位成果
来自startup-competitors环节的文件:
  • intake.md
    — 产品及市场背景
  • competitors-report.md
    — 战略竞品分析
  • battle-cards/
    — 各竞品详情卡片
  • pricing-landscape.md
    — 定价分析
若存在这些文件,读取并将其中数据作为工作起点:
  • 提取产品描述、已知竞品及客户痛点
  • 利用竞品概况和详情卡片初始化竞品替代方案图谱
  • 将现有定位成果作为待验证的初始假设,而非既定结论
  • 利用客户的语言表述和痛点来指导JTBD挖掘
告知用户:“我发现了之前环节的相关数据,将以此作为定位分析的起点。”
跳过重复的信息收集提问。若已有数据足够,直接进入研究阶段。

What to Ask (if no prior data exists)

需提问的内容(若无已有数据)

Round 1 — Core context:
  • What's your product? (one sentence is fine)
  • What problem does it solve and for whom?
  • What do your customers do today instead of using you? (alternatives, workarounds, doing nothing)
  • Who are your best existing customers? (if any — describe them, not demographics)
Round 2 — Sharpening (only if needed):
  • How is your product different from the alternatives you mentioned?
  • Have you tried positioning before? What didn't work?
  • Are there competitors you're often compared to?
Don't over-interview. If the user gives a clear description upfront, move to research. The positioning process itself will surface what matters.
第一轮:核心背景
  • 你的产品是什么?(一句话即可)
  • 它为谁解决什么问题?
  • 目前你的客户在不使用你的产品时,会用什么替代?(包括其他方案、临时解决办法、完全不处理)
  • 你最优质的现有客户是谁?(若有,请描述他们的特征,而非人口统计数据)
第二轮:细化信息(仅在必要时)
  • 你的产品与你提到的替代方案有何不同?
  • 你之前尝试过定位吗?哪些地方效果不佳?
  • 是否有经常被拿来和你对比的竞品?
不要过度提问。若用户一开始就给出清晰的描述,直接进入研究阶段。定位过程本身会凸显关键信息。

Output

输出成果

Save to
{project-name}/intake.md
— a brief summary of the product, problem, alternatives, and customers. If built on prior session data, note the source files used. Project name: kebab-case (e.g.,
ai-email-assistant
).
Create
{project-name}/PROGRESS.md
with: project name, skill name (
startup-positioning
), start date, language, research mode (Live / Knowledge-Based), and a phase checklist. Update it after each phase completes. If PROGRESS.md already exists from a previous session, resume from the last incomplete phase.

保存至
{project-name}/intake.md
——包含产品、问题、替代方案和客户的简要总结。若基于之前环节的数据构建,请注明所使用的源文件。项目名称采用短横线分隔格式(例如:
ai-email-assistant
)。
创建
{project-name}/PROGRESS.md
,包含:项目名称、技能名称(
startup-positioning
)、开始日期、语言、研究模式(实时/基于知识库)以及阶段检查清单。每个阶段完成后更新该文件。若之前环节已存在PROGRESS.md,则从最后未完成的阶段继续。

Phase 2: Research

第二阶段:研究阶段

Two parallel research waves exploring competitive alternatives and market context. Together they provide the raw material for Dunford's 5+1 positioning components.
分为两个并行的研究方向,探索竞品替代方案和市场环境。它们共同为Dunford的5+1定位组件提供原始素材。

Environment Detection

环境检测

Check if the
Agent
tool is available:
  • Agent tool available (Claude Code): Spawn all agents within each wave in parallel. This is faster.
  • Agent tool NOT available (Claude.ai, web): Execute research sequentially, following the same templates. Same depth, just slower.
检查
Agent
工具是否可用:
  • Agent工具可用(Claude Code): 在每个研究方向中并行启动所有Agent,速度更快。
  • Agent工具不可用(Claude.ai、网页版): 按照相同模板串行执行研究,深度相同,仅速度较慢。

Web Search

网页搜索

This skill requires WebSearch for real data. If WebSearch is unavailable or denied, fall back to Knowledge-Based Mode: use training data, mark all findings with [Knowledge-Based — verify independently], and reduce confidence ratings by one level. Note the mode in PROGRESS.md.
Reference: Read
references/research-principles.md
before starting any wave. It defines source quality tiers, cross-referencing rules, and how to handle data gaps.
本技能需要通过WebSearch获取真实数据。若WebSearch不可用或被禁用,则切换为基于知识库模式:使用训练数据,所有研究结果标注**[基于知识库——请独立验证]**,并将置信等级降低一级。在PROGRESS.md中注明当前模式。
参考: 开始任一研究方向前,请阅读
references/research-principles.md
。该文件定义了来源质量层级、交叉验证规则以及数据缺口的处理方式。

Wave 1: Competitive Alternatives & Customer Context

研究方向1:竞品替代方案与客户背景

Reference: Read
references/research-wave-1-alternatives.md
for agent templates.
Two agents (or two sequential blocks):
A1: Alternative Mapping (JTBD Lens) — Map ALL competitive alternatives, not just direct competitors. Include: direct competitors, adjacent tools competing for the same budget, manual processes, spreadsheets, hiring someone, doing nothing / status quo. For each: what job does the customer hire it for, where does it fall short, what triggers switching? The goal is the full set of things your product replaces.
A2: Customer Intelligence — Mine voice-of-customer data: reviews, forums, communities. Extract: pain points with current alternatives, exact language customers use, what "better" means to them, best-fit customer profile (who gets the most value fastest), switching triggers (what makes someone finally change). Build a language map — the words customers use to describe their problem and desired outcome.
参考: 请阅读
references/research-wave-1-alternatives.md
获取Agent模板。
两个Agent(或两个串行执行模块):
A1:替代方案图谱(JTBD视角) —— 绘制所有竞品替代方案,而非仅直接竞品。包括:直接竞品、争夺同一预算的相邻工具、手动流程、电子表格、雇佣专人、完全不处理/维持现状。针对每个方案,需明确:客户选择它是为了完成什么任务?它的不足之处是什么?触发客户切换的因素是什么?目标是覆盖你的产品所能替代的所有方案。
A2:客户情报分析 —— 挖掘客户声音数据:评论、论坛、社区。提取内容包括:现有替代方案的痛点、客户使用的具体表述、对客户而言“更好”的定义、最匹配的客户画像(谁能最快获得最大价值)、切换触发因素(是什么促使客户最终做出改变)。构建语言图谱——即客户用来描述其问题和期望结果的词汇。

Wave 2: Market Frame & Trends

研究方向2:市场框架与趋势

Reference: Read
references/research-wave-2-market-frame.md
for agent templates.
Two agents (or two sequential blocks):
B1: Market Category Analysis — Identify 3-5 candidate market categories. For each: what do buyers expect from this category, who are the leaders, what's the competitive dynamic, how mature is it? Apply Dunford's category types: head-to-head (existing category), big fish/small pond (subcategory), or category creation. Assess which frame makes your unique strengths matter most.
B2: Trend & Timing Analysis — Identify relevant trends: technology shifts, behavioral changes, regulatory moves. For each: is it real or hype, how does it affect buyer expectations, does it make your positioning stronger or weaker? Assess timing — are you early, on-time, or late to the trend? Only include trends that genuinely change how buyers evaluate solutions.

参考: 请阅读
references/research-wave-2-market-frame.md
获取Agent模板。
两个Agent(或两个串行执行模块):
B1:市场品类分析 —— 确定3-5个候选市场品类。针对每个品类,需明确:买家对该品类的期望是什么?品类领导者是谁?竞争格局如何?品类成熟度如何?应用Dunford的品类类型:正面竞争(现有品类)、大池塘里的小鱼(子品类)或创建新品类。评估哪种框架最能凸显你的独特优势。
B2:趋势与时机分析 —— 识别相关趋势:技术变革、行为变化、监管举措。针对每个趋势,需明确:这是真实趋势还是炒作?它如何影响买家期望?它会增强还是削弱你的定位?评估时机——你是早于趋势、恰逢其时还是滞后于趋势?仅纳入那些能真正改变买家评估解决方案方式的趋势。

Post-Research Checkpoint

研究后检查点

After both waves complete, before synthesis, briefly present what the research found to the user: the competitive alternative landscape (how many direct, adjacent, status quo), the strongest customer pains, and the most promising category candidates. Ask: "Does this align with your expectations? Anything to adjust before I synthesize the positioning?"
Keep it to one message — this is a quick alignment check, not a full report.

两个研究方向完成后,在合成定位成果之前,向用户简要展示研究发现:竞品替代方案格局(直接、相邻、现状方案的数量)、最突出的客户痛点以及最具潜力的候选品类。询问:“这与你的预期相符吗?在我合成定位成果之前,有什么需要调整的吗?”
内容控制在一条消息内——这只是快速对齐检查,而非完整报告。

Phase 3: Positioning Synthesis

第三阶段:定位合成

Reference: Read
references/research-synthesis.md
for synthesis protocol and Dunford process details.
After the checkpoint, build positioning through Dunford's 5+1 components in order. The sequence matters — each step builds on the previous.
参考: 请阅读
references/research-synthesis.md
获取合成流程和Dunford方法的详细信息。
检查点确认后,按顺序通过Dunford的5+1组件构建定位。顺序至关重要——每个步骤都建立在前一个步骤的基础上。

The 5+1 Components

5+1组件

  1. Competitive Alternatives — From Wave 1. What would customers use if your product didn't exist? This is the anchor — positioning is always relative.
  2. Unique Attributes — What do you have that the alternatives lack? Be specific and honest. Features, architecture, team expertise, business model, speed — anything defensible.
    ⏸ PAUSE — User Input Required. Present the research-derived attributes to the user. Ask them to confirm, add, or remove before proceeding to Value Themes. The founder knows capabilities that research can't surface.
  3. Value Themes — Translate each unique attribute into a customer outcome. Attribute → "so what?" → value. Group related attributes into 2-3 value themes. Use customer language from Wave 1's language map.
  4. Best-Fit Customers — From Wave 1 customer intelligence. Who cares most about your value themes? Define by characteristics that make them care, not demographics. These customers should be reachable, recognizable, and willing to pay.
  5. Market Category — From Wave 2. Choose the category frame that makes your value obvious. Present 3-5 options with trade-offs. Recommend one. The right category triggers the right buyer expectations.
  6. Trend Overlay (optional) — From Wave 2. Only include if a genuine trend makes your positioning stronger. Forced trend alignment is worse than none.
  1. 竞品替代方案 —— 来自研究方向1。如果你的产品不存在,客户会使用什么?这是定位的锚点——定位始终是相对的。
  2. 独特属性 —— 你拥有哪些替代方案所不具备的特质?要具体且真实。包括功能、架构、团队专业能力、商业模式、速度——任何可防御的特质。
    ⏸ 暂停——需要用户输入。 向用户展示研究得出的属性。在进入价值主题环节前,请用户确认、添加或删除属性。创始人了解研究无法发现的能力。
  3. 价值主题 —— 将每个独特属性转化为客户成果。属性→“那又如何?”→价值。将相关属性归类为2-3个价值主题。使用研究方向1中语言图谱的客户表述。
  4. 最匹配客户 —— 来自研究方向1的客户情报。谁最关注你的价值主题?根据促使他们关注的特征来定义,而非人口统计数据。这些客户必须是可触达、可识别且愿意付费的。
  5. 市场品类 —— 来自研究方向2。选择最能凸显你价值的品类框架。展示3-5个带有权衡分析的选项,并推荐一个。合适的品类会触发买家的正确期望。
  6. 趋势叠加(可选) —— 来自研究方向2。仅当真实趋势能增强你的定位时才纳入。强行贴合趋势比不贴合更糟糕。

Validation

验证环节

Two stress tests before finalizing:
Neumeier Onliness Test:
Basic form:
"Our [product] is the only [category] that [differentiator]."
Extended form (6 elements — WHAT/HOW/WHO/WHERE/WHY/WHEN):
"Our [product] is the only [category] that [differentiator] for [target] who [need] in [context]."
If you can't fill the basic form convincingly — if "only" feels like a stretch — the positioning is too weak. Iterate.
Ries/Trout Mental Ladder:
  • Is it simple enough to remember?
  • Does it claim one clear rung?
  • Is that rung available (not owned by a competitor)?
  • Can you explain it in one sentence?
If either test fails, revisit the 5+1 components. Don't ship weak positioning.
最终确定前需进行两项压力测试:
Neumeier独特性测试:
基础形式:
“我们的[产品]是唯一一款[品类]中具备[差异化特质]的产品。”
扩展形式(6要素——产品/方式/受众/场景/原因/时机):
“我们的[产品]是唯一一款为[目标受众]在[场景]下解决[需求]的[品类]中具备[差异化特质]的产品。”
若你无法令人信服地填写基础形式——即“唯一”一词显得牵强——则说明定位过于薄弱,需要迭代优化。
Ries/Trout心智阶梯测试:
  • 是否足够简单易记?
  • 是否占据了一个清晰的阶梯位置?
  • 该位置是否可用(未被竞品占据)?
  • 能否用一句话解释清楚?
若任一测试未通过,重新审视5+1组件。不要推出薄弱的定位。

Output Files

输出文件

Every deliverable file must start with a standardized header:
# {Title}: {product}
followed by
*Skill: startup-positioning | Generated: {date}*
. Every deliverable must end with Red Flags, Yellow Flags, and Sources sections (see templates in
references/research-synthesis.md
).
{project-name}/positioning-doc.md
— The main deliverable:
  • Executive summary (positioning in 3 sentences)
  • The 5+1 components with supporting evidence
  • Strength assessment per component (Strong / Moderate / Needs Work)
  • Strategic recommendations and next steps
  • Data gaps & limitations
{project-name}/positioning-statement.md
— Statements and messaging:
  • Moore template: "For [target] who [need], [product] is a [category] that [benefit]. Unlike [alternative], we [differentiator]."
  • Neumeier Onliness Statement (basic + extended)
  • Elevator pitch (30-second version)
  • Tagline candidates with stress-tested "Possible Misread" column
  • One-liner variants for different channels (GitHub, marketplace, social, elevator)
  • Freemium positioning (if applicable)
{project-name}/competitive-alternatives.md
— Complete alternatives map:
  • All alternatives (direct, adjacent, manual, status quo)
  • Per alternative: job hired for, strengths, shortcomings, switching triggers
  • Your unique attributes vs. each alternative
{project-name}/market-category-analysis.md
— Category strategy:
  • 3-5 candidate categories with buyer expectations
  • Category type assessment (head-to-head / subcategory / creation)
  • Recommendation with reasoning
  • Implementation (category label, tagline direction, buyer expectation alignment)
  • Red flags and yellow flags
{project-name}/messaging-implications.md
— Bridge from positioning to copy:
  • Messaging hierarchy (what to communicate first, second, third)
  • Category label (exact phrase to use everywhere)
  • Value anchor (what to compare value to, separate from category)
  • Customer language vs. category language map (which words are customer verbs, which are category nouns)
  • Words to use / avoid
  • Social proof guidelines
  • Freemium positioning (if applicable)
每个交付文件必须以标准化页眉开头:
# {标题}: {产品}
,随后是
*Skill: startup-positioning | 生成日期: {日期}*
。每个交付文件必须以红色警示、黄色警示和来源部分结尾(模板见
references/research-synthesis.md
)。
{project-name}/positioning-doc.md
—— 主要交付成果:
  • 执行摘要(用3句话概括定位)
  • 带有支撑证据的5+1组件
  • 每个组件的强度评估(强/中等/需优化)
  • 战略建议及后续步骤
  • 数据缺口及局限性
{project-name}/positioning-statement.md
—— 定位声明及话术:
  • Moore模板:“针对有[需求]的[目标受众],[产品]是一款[品类],能为他们带来[益处]。与[替代方案]不同,我们具备[差异化特质]。”
  • Neumeier独特性声明(基础版+扩展版)
  • 电梯演讲(30秒版本)
  • 候选标语,附带经过压力测试的“可能误读”列
  • 适用于不同渠道的一句话表述变体(GitHub、应用市场、社交平台、电梯场景)
  • 免费增值模式定位(如适用)
{project-name}/competitive-alternatives.md
—— 完整替代方案图谱:
  • 所有替代方案(直接、相邻、手动、现状)
  • 每个替代方案的:客户雇佣它完成的任务、优势、不足、切换触发因素
  • 你的产品独特属性与各替代方案的对比
{project-name}/market-category-analysis.md
—— 品类策略:
  • 3-5个候选品类及买家期望
  • 品类类型评估(正面竞争/子品类/创建新品类)
  • 带有理由的推荐方案
  • 实施建议(品类标签、标语方向、买家期望对齐)
  • 红色警示和黄色警示
{project-name}/messaging-implications.md
—— 从定位到文案的衔接:
  • 话术层级(优先、次优先、第三优先传达的内容)
  • 品类标签(所有场景统一使用的精准表述)
  • 价值锚点(用于对比价值的参照,独立于品类)
  • 客户语言与品类语言图谱(哪些是客户使用的动词,哪些是品类相关的名词)
  • 推荐使用/避免使用的词汇
  • 社交证明指南
  • 免费增值模式定位(如适用)

Raw Data

原始数据

Each agent saves its raw output to
{project-name}/raw/
. The synthesis phase reads these raw files and produces the polished deliverables above. Agents must NOT write directly to deliverable paths — raw and synthesized output are separate.
Raw research files:
  • alternative-mapping.md
  • customer-intelligence.md
  • market-categories.md
  • trends-timing.md

每个Agent将其原始输出保存至
{project-name}/raw/
。合成阶段读取这些原始文件并生成上述打磨后的交付成果。Agent不得直接写入交付成果路径——原始输出与合成输出需分离。
研究原始文件:
  • alternative-mapping.md
  • customer-intelligence.md
  • market-categories.md
  • trends-timing.md

Honesty Protocol

诚信准则

Reference: Read
references/honesty-protocol.md
for full protocol and anti-pattern details.
Positioning is only useful if it's honest. Core rules apply (label claims, quantify, declare gaps), plus positioning-specific additions:
  1. No aspirational positioning. Position on what you ARE, not what you hope to become. Aspirational positioning crumbles at first customer contact.
  2. Challenge "we're unique." The Onliness Test must be genuinely convincing. If it reads like marketing fluff, iterate.
  3. Research wins over narrative. When customer data contradicts internal beliefs about positioning, the data wins.
  4. Flag category creation risk. Most startups can't afford to educate a market. Default to existing categories unless the evidence is overwhelming.
Anti-PatternWhat It Looks LikeWhat to Say
"We're for everyone"No target segment defined"If you're for everyone, you're for no one. Who cares MOST?"
Feature-based positioningLeading with features not outcomes"Customers don't buy features. What outcome do they get?"
Aspirational positioning"We'll be the AI-powered...""Position on what you deliver today, not the roadmap."
Category-of-oneInventing a category to avoid comparison"New categories cost millions. Is there an existing frame?"
Copycat positioningSame message as the market leader"Find genuinely different ground — you can't out-position the leader."
See
references/honesty-protocol.md
for the full anti-pattern table (7 entries) and detailed protocol.

参考: 请阅读
references/honesty-protocol.md
获取完整准则及反模式详情。
只有诚实的定位才有用。除了核心规则(标注主张、量化、声明缺口),还需遵循以下定位特定规则:
  1. 不做理想化定位。 基于你当前的实际情况定位,而非你希望成为的样子。理想化定位在首次与客户接触时就会崩塌。
  2. 质疑“我们是独特的”。 独特性测试必须真正令人信服。若听起来像营销空话,需迭代优化。
  3. 研究胜于主观叙事。 当客户数据与内部定位信念相矛盾时,以数据为准。
  4. 标注创建新品类的风险。 大多数创业公司无力承担教育市场的成本。除非证据确凿,否则默认选择现有品类。
反模式表现形式应对话术
“我们面向所有人”未定义目标细分群体“如果你面向所有人,就等于面向无人。谁是最关注你的群体?”
基于功能的定位以功能而非成果为核心“客户购买的不是功能,而是成果。他们能获得什么成果?”
理想化定位“我们将成为AI驱动的……”“基于你当前能交付的成果定位,而非路线图上的规划。”
单一品类定位为避免竞争而创建新品类“创建新品类需要数百万成本。是否有现有框架可利用?”
模仿式定位与市场领导者使用相同话术“找到真正差异化的定位——你无法在领导者的定位上击败他们。”
完整的反模式表格(7项)及详细准则请见
references/honesty-protocol.md

Reference Files

参考文件

Read only what you need for the current phase.
FileWhen to Read~LinesPurpose
honesty-protocol.md
Start of session~73Full honesty protocol with anti-patterns
research-principles.md
Before starting Phase 2~65Source quality, cross-referencing, data gaps
research-wave-1-alternatives.md
When running Wave 1~235Agent templates for alternatives + customer intel
research-wave-2-market-frame.md
When running Wave 2~210Agent templates for categories + trends
research-synthesis.md
After both waves complete~380Synthesis protocol, Dunford process, validation tests, messaging implications
frameworks.md
During Phase 3~133Dunford/Moore/Neumeier/JTBD/Ries reference
仅阅读当前阶段所需的文件。
文件阅读时机约行数用途
honesty-protocol.md
会话开始时~73包含反模式的完整诚信准则
research-principles.md
开始第二阶段前~65来源质量、交叉验证、数据缺口处理
research-wave-1-alternatives.md
执行研究方向1时~235替代方案+客户情报的Agent模板
research-wave-2-market-frame.md
执行研究方向2时~210品类+趋势的Agent模板
research-synthesis.md
两个研究方向完成后~380合成流程、Dunford方法、验证测试、话术影响
frameworks.md
第三阶段期间~133Dunford/Moore/Neumeier/JTBD/Ries框架参考