@main
struct MyApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        MenuBarExtra("MyApp", image: "MenuBarIcon") {
            MenuBarView()
        }
    }
}

MenuBarExtra("MyApp", image: "MenuBarIcon") {
    PopoverContentView()
}
.menuBarExtraStyle(.window)

let statusItem = NSStatusBar.system.statusItem(withLength: NSStatusItem.squareLength)
if let button = statusItem.button {
    let icon = NSImage(named: "MenuBarIcon")!
    icon.size = NSSize(width: 18, height: 18)
    icon.isTemplate = true  // CRITICAL: adapts to dark/light mode automatically
    button.image = icon
}

let menu = NSMenu()
menu.addItem(NSMenuItem(title: "Settings...", action: #selector(openSettings), keyEquivalent: ","))
statusItem.menu = menu

let popover = NSPopover()
popover.contentSize = NSSize(width: 300, height: 400)
popover.behavior = .transient  // auto-closes when clicking outside
popover.contentViewController = NSHostingController(rootView: MyPopoverView())

// Show from the status item button:
if let button = statusItem.button {
    popover.show(relativeTo: button.bounds, of: button, preferredEdge: .minY)
}

// At launch -- hide from Dock:
NSApp.setActivationPolicy(.accessory)

// When opening a window -- show in Dock:
NSApp.setActivationPolicy(.regular)
NSApp.activate(ignoringOtherApps: true)

// When closing the last window -- hide again:
NSApp.setActivationPolicy(.accessory)

@MainActor
enum AppActivationPolicy {
    private static var count = 0

    static func enter() {
        count += 1
        NSApp.setActivationPolicy(.regular)
        NSApp.activate(ignoringOtherApps: true)
    }

    static func leave() {
        count = max(0, count - 1)
        guard count == 0 else { return }
        Task { @MainActor in NSApp.setActivationPolicy(.accessory) }
    }
}

let panel = NSPanel(
    contentRect: .zero,
    styleMask: [.borderless, .nonactivatingPanel],  // Does NOT steal focus
    backing: .buffered,
    defer: false
)
panel.isOpaque = false
panel.backgroundColor = .clear
panel.hasShadow = false
panel.hidesOnDeactivate = false     // Stay visible when app loses focus
panel.isFloatingPanel = true        // Float above normal windows
panel.ignoresMouseEvents = true     // Clicks pass through to windows below
panel.collectionBehavior = [
    .canJoinAllSpaces,              // Visible on all virtual desktops
    .fullScreenAuxiliary,           // Visible over fullscreen apps
]

let hostingView = NSHostingView(rootView: MySwiftUIView())
panel.contentView = hostingView

class MyPanel: NSPanel {
    override var canBecomeKey: Bool { true }     // Can receive keyboard input
    override var canBecomeMain: Bool { false }   // Never becomes the "main" window
}

panel.sharingType = .none  // Invisible to screen capture APIs

normal (0)           -- standard app windows
floating (3)         -- tool palettes, floating panels
modalPanel (8)       -- modal dialogs
mainMenu (24)        -- menu bar
screenSaver (1000)   -- above everything except...
CGShieldingWindowLevel() -- above absolutely everything (kiosk mode)

window.level = .floating
// or for extreme cases:
window.level = NSWindow.Level(rawValue: Int(CGShieldingWindowLevel()))

window.collectionBehavior = [
    .canJoinAllSpaces,       // Visible on all virtual desktops
    .fullScreenAuxiliary,    // Visible over fullscreen apps
    .stationary,             // Doesn't move with Space transitions
    .ignoresCycle,           // Hidden from Cmd-` window cycling
    .transient,              // Removed when app is hidden
]

let screen = NSScreen.main!

// Full screen rectangle (includes menu bar and Dock area):
screen.frame  // e.g., (0, 0, 1728, 1117)

// Usable area (excludes menu bar and Dock):
screen.visibleFrame  // e.g., (0, 0, 1728, 1055)

// Notch detection (MacBook with notch has top safe area):
screen.safeAreaInsets.top > 0  // true on notch Macs

let desktopFrame = NSScreen.screens.reduce(CGRect.null) { $0.union($1.frame) }
let appKitY = desktopFrame.maxY - quartzY - height  // Quartz → AppKit
let quartzY = desktopFrame.maxY - appKitY - height  // AppKit → Quartz

// Find the screen containing the mouse pointer:
let mouseLocation = NSEvent.mouseLocation
let screen = NSScreen.screens.first { $0.frame.contains(mouseLocation) }

// Find the screen containing a specific window:
let screen = window.screen

Button("Settings") { openSettings() }
    .keyboardShortcut(",", modifiers: [.command])  // Cmd+,

// Local: fires only when YOUR app is active
let monitor = NSEvent.addLocalMonitorForEvents(matching: .keyDown) { event in
    if event.keyCode == 53 { /* Escape */ return nil /* consume */ }
    return event  // pass through
}

// Global: fires even when ANOTHER app is active
let monitor = NSEvent.addGlobalMonitorForEvents(matching: .keyDown) { event in
    // Cannot consume the event -- read-only
}

// CRITICAL: Always remove monitors when done
NSEvent.removeMonitor(monitor)

import Carbon.HIToolbox

var hotKeyRef: EventHotKeyRef?
let hotKeyID = EventHotKeyID(signature: OSType(0x4D594150), id: 1) // "MYAP"

RegisterEventHotKey(
    UInt32(kVK_ANSI_1),      // Key code
    UInt32(optionKey),         // Modifiers
    hotKeyID,
    GetApplicationEventTarget(),
    0,
    &hotKeyRef
)

DispatchQueue.main.async { self.handleHotKey() }

let panel = NSOpenPanel()
panel.allowedContentTypes = [.image, .movie]  // UTType filter
panel.allowsMultipleSelection = true
panel.canChooseDirectories = false
panel.canChooseFiles = true
panel.canCreateDirectories = true
panel.title = "Choose Images"

// Modal (blocks the thread):
if panel.runModal() == .OK {
    let urls = panel.urls
}

// Or sheet-modal (attached to a window, async):
panel.beginSheetModal(for: window) { response in
    guard response == .OK else { return }
    let urls = panel.urls
}

let panel = NSSavePanel()
panel.allowedContentTypes = [.png]
panel.nameFieldStringValue = "screenshot.png"
panel.canCreateDirectories = true

panel.begin { response in
    guard response == .OK, let url = panel.url else { return }
    // write file to url
}

let panel = NSOpenPanel()
panel.canChooseFiles = false
panel.canChooseDirectories = true
panel.directoryURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: NSHomeDirectory())

let pasteboard = NSPasteboard.general

// CRITICAL: You MUST clear before writing. Forgetting this is a common bug.
pasteboard.clearContents()

// Write text:
pasteboard.setString("hello", forType: .string)

// Write image data:
let pngData = try Data(contentsOf: imageURL)
pasteboard.setData(pngData, forType: .png)

// Write a file URL (for Finder paste):
pasteboard.writeObjects([url as NSURL])

// Read (check what types are available):
if let string = pasteboard.string(forType: .string) { ... }
if let data = pasteboard.data(forType: .png) { ... }

// Make something draggable:
Image(nsImage: image)
    .draggable(fileURL) {
        // Custom drag preview
        Image(nsImage: image).frame(width: 100, height: 75)
    }

// Accept drops:
.dropDestination(for: URL.self) { urls, location in
    handleDroppedFiles(urls)
    return true
}

class MyView: NSView {
    override init(frame: NSRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        registerForDraggedTypes([.fileURL, .png, .tiff])
    }

    override func draggingEntered(_ sender: NSDraggingInfo) -> NSDragOperation {
        .copy  // Show the green + cursor
    }

    override func performDragOperation(_ sender: NSDraggingInfo) -> Bool {
        guard let urls = sender.draggingPasteboard.readObjects(forClasses: [NSURL.self]) as? [URL] else {
            return false
        }
        handleFiles(urls)
        return true
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @State private var selection: Item?
    @State private var showInspector = true

    var body: some View {
        NavigationSplitView {
            SidebarView(selection: $selection)
                .navigationSplitViewColumnWidth(min: 200, ideal: 220, max: 300)
        } detail: {
            DetailView(item: selection)
        }
        .inspector(isPresented: $showInspector) {
            InspectorView(item: selection)
                .inspectorColumnWidth(min: 250, ideal: 280, max: 400)
        }
        .toolbar {
            ToolbarItem {
                Button { showInspector.toggle() } label: {
                    Image(systemName: "sidebar.right")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

import ServiceManagement

// Check status:
switch SMAppService.mainApp.status {
case .enabled: /* running at login */
case .requiresApproval: /* registered but user must approve in System Settings */
case .notRegistered, .notFound: /* not registered */
}

// Register:
try SMAppService.mainApp.register()

// Unregister:
try SMAppService.mainApp.unregister()

import QuickLookUI

class PreviewPresenter: NSObject, QLPreviewPanelDataSource {
    var url: URL?

    func show(url: URL) {
        self.url = url
        guard let panel = QLPreviewPanel.shared() else { return }
        NSApp.activate()  // MUST activate first or panel opens behind other windows
        panel.dataSource = self
        panel.reloadData()
        panel.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
    }

    func numberOfPreviewItems(in panel: QLPreviewPanel!) -> Int { url != nil ? 1 : 0 }

    func previewPanel(_ panel: QLPreviewPanel!, previewItemAt index: Int) -> (any QLPreviewItem)! {
        url as? NSURL
    }
}

// Open URL in default browser:
NSWorkspace.shared.open(URL(string: "https://example.com")!)

// Reveal file in Finder (selects it):
NSWorkspace.shared.activateFileViewerSelecting([fileURL])

// Get the frontmost application:
let app = NSWorkspace.shared.frontmostApplication
let name = app?.localizedName  // e.g., "Safari"

// Check accessibility preferences:
NSWorkspace.shared.accessibilityDisplayShouldReduceMotion  // Respect "Reduce Motion"
NSWorkspace.shared.accessibilityDisplayShouldReduceTransparency

// Write:
UserDefaults.standard.set(true, forKey: "autoSave")
UserDefaults.standard.set(0.8, forKey: "quality")

// Read (returns false/0/nil if key doesn't exist):
let autoSave = UserDefaults.standard.bool(forKey: "autoSave")
let quality = UserDefaults.standard.double(forKey: "quality")

struct SettingsView: View {
    @AppStorage("autoSave") private var autoSave = false
    @AppStorage("quality") private var quality = 0.8

    var body: some View {
        Toggle("Auto Save", isOn: $autoSave)      // Auto-persisted
        Slider(value: $quality, in: 0...1)         // Auto-persisted
    }
}

import ScreenCaptureKit

let content = try await SCShareableContent.excludingDesktopWindows(false, onScreenWindowsOnly: false)
guard let display = content.displays.first else { return }

let filter = SCContentFilter(display: display, excludingWindows: [])
let config = SCStreamConfiguration()
let scale = CGFloat(filter.pointPixelScale)
config.width = Int(CGFloat(display.width) * scale)   // Points → pixels
config.height = Int(CGFloat(display.height) * scale)
config.showsCursor = false

let image = try await SCScreenshotManager.captureImage(contentFilter: filter, configuration: config)