product-management

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<!-- Adapted from: claude-skills/product-team/product-manager-toolkit -->
<!-- 改编自:claude-skills/product-team/product-manager-toolkit -->

Product Management Toolkit

产品管理工具包

Feature prioritization, PRDs, and product discovery frameworks.
功能优先级规划、PRD及产品发现框架。

When to Use

适用场景

  • Prioritizing feature backlog
  • Writing product requirements
  • Analyzing customer interviews
  • Planning sprints and roadmaps
  • Making data-driven product decisions
  • 功能待办事项优先级排序
  • 撰写产品需求文档(PRD)
  • 分析客户访谈内容
  • 规划冲刺与产品路线图
  • 制定数据驱动的产品决策

RICE Prioritization

RICE优先级排序法

Formula

计算公式

Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort
FactorScale
ReachUsers per quarter
ImpactMassive=3, High=2, Medium=1, Low=0.5, Minimal=0.25
ConfidenceHigh=100%, Medium=80%, Low=50%
EffortPerson-months
Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort
因素评分尺度
Reach每季度覆盖用户数
Impact重大=3, 高=2, 中等=1, 低=0.5, 极小=0.25
Confidence高=100%, 中=80%, 低=50%
Effort投入人力(人月)

Example

示例

FeatureReachImpactConfidenceEffortScore
User Dashboard5003 (massive)80%5240
Dark Mode3001 (medium)100%2150
API Rate Limiting10002 (high)90%3600
功能ReachImpactConfidenceEffortScore
用户仪表盘5003(重大)80%5240
深色模式3001(中等)100%2150
API速率限制10002(高)90%3600

Value vs Effort Matrix

价值-投入矩阵

           Low Effort    High Effort

High       QUICK WINS    BIG BETS
Value      [Prioritize]  [Strategic]

Low        FILL-INS      TIME SINKS
Value      [Maybe]       [Avoid]
           低投入    高投入

高价值     快速制胜项    战略押注项
          [优先处理]  [战略布局]

低价值     补充项      时间黑洞
          [可考虑]    [避免投入]

PRD Template

PRD模板

markdown
undefined
markdown
undefined

Feature: [Name]

功能: [名称]

Problem Statement

问题陈述

What problem are we solving? For whom?
我们要解决什么问题?面向谁?

Success Metrics

成功指标

  • Primary: [Metric and target]
  • Secondary: [Supporting metrics]
  • 核心指标: [指标及目标]
  • 辅助指标: [支撑性指标]

User Stories

用户故事

As a [user], I want [capability] so that [benefit].
作为[用户角色],我希望[拥有某项能力],以便[获得某种收益]。

Requirements

需求

Must Have (P0)

必备项(P0)

  • [Requirement 1]
  • [需求1]

Should Have (P1)

应备项(P1)

  • [Requirement 2]
  • [需求2]

Out of Scope

范围外内容

  • [Explicit exclusion]
  • [明确排除项]

Design

设计方案

[Link to designs or wireframes]
[设计稿或线框图链接]

Technical Approach

技术方案

[High-level technical approach]
[高层级技术实现思路]

Timeline

时间线

  • Phase 1: [Scope] - [Date]
  • Phase 2: [Scope] - [Date]
  • 阶段1: [范围] - [日期]
  • 阶段2: [范围] - [日期]

Open Questions

待解决问题

  • [Question 1]
undefined
  • [问题1]
undefined

Customer Interview Framework

客户访谈框架

Structure (35 min)

访谈结构(35分钟)

  1. Context (5 min)
    • Role and responsibilities
    • Current workflow
    • Tools used
  2. Problem Exploration (15 min)
    • Pain points
    • Frequency and impact
    • Current workarounds
  3. Solution Validation (10 min)
    • Reaction to concepts
    • Value perception
    • Willingness to pay
  4. Wrap-up (5 min)
    • Other thoughts
    • Referrals
  1. 背景介绍(5分钟)
    • 角色与职责
    • 当前工作流程
    • 使用工具
  2. 问题探索(15分钟)
    • 痛点
    • 发生频率与影响
    • 当前解决方案
  3. 方案验证(10分钟)
    • 对概念的反应
    • 价值感知
    • 付费意愿
  4. 收尾(5分钟)
    • 其他想法
    • 推荐介绍

Analysis Framework

分析框架

Extract from each interview:
  • Pain points with severity (high/medium/low)
  • Feature requests with priority
  • Jobs to be done patterns
  • Key quotes for stakeholder communication
从每次访谈中提取以下内容:
  • 痛点及严重程度(高/中/低)
  • 功能请求及优先级
  • 待完成工作模式
  • 关键引述(用于利益相关方沟通)

Sprint Planning

冲刺规划

Capacity Planning

容量规划

Sprint Capacity = Team Size × Days × Velocity Factor

Example:
5 engineers × 10 days × 0.7 = 35 story points
冲刺容量 = 团队规模 × 天数 × 速率系数

示例:
5名工程师 × 10天 × 0.7 = 35故事点

Story Point Guidelines

故事点指南

PointsComplexityExample
1TrivialCopy change
2SimpleAdd field to form
3MediumNew API endpoint
5ComplexNew feature with UI
8Very ComplexIntegration with external service
13Epic-levelBreak down further
故事点复杂度示例
1微小文案修改
2简单为表单添加字段
3中等新增API端点
5复杂带UI的新功能
8非常复杂与外部服务集成
13史诗级需进一步拆分

MoSCoW Method

MoSCoW方法

  • Must Have: Critical for launch
  • Should Have: Important but not critical
  • Could Have: Nice to have
  • Won't Have: Out of scope (this release)
  • Must Have: 发布必备项
  • Should Have: 重要但非必备
  • Could Have: 锦上添花项
  • Won't Have: 本版本范围外内容

Metrics Framework

指标框架

North Star Metric

北极星指标

  • What's the #1 value to users?
  • Is it measurable and actionable?
  • Does it predict business success?
  • 对用户来说,最重要的价值是什么?
  • 它是否可衡量且可落地?
  • 它能否预测业务成功?

Feature Success Metrics

功能成功指标

  • Adoption: % users using feature
  • Frequency: Usage per user per week
  • Retention: Continued usage over time
  • Satisfaction: NPS/CSAT for feature
  • 采用率: 使用该功能的用户占比
  • 使用频率: 每位用户每周使用次数
  • 留存率: 长期持续使用情况
  • 满意度: 功能的NPS/CSAT评分

Best Practices

最佳实践

Writing PRDs

PRD撰写

  • Start with problem, not solution
  • Include clear success metrics
  • Explicitly state what's out of scope
  • Use visuals (wireframes, flows)
  • 从问题入手,而非直接给出解决方案
  • 包含清晰的成功指标
  • 明确说明范围外内容
  • 使用可视化素材(线框图、流程图)

Prioritization

优先级排序

  • Mix quick wins with strategic bets
  • Account for dependencies
  • Buffer for unexpected work (20%)
  • Revisit quarterly
  • 平衡快速制胜项与战略押注项
  • 考虑依赖关系
  • 预留20%缓冲时间应对突发工作
  • 每季度重新审视优先级

Discovery

产品发现

  • Ask "why" 5 times
  • Focus on past behavior, not intentions
  • Look for emotional reactions
  • Validate with data
  • 连续问5次“为什么”
  • 关注过往行为,而非主观意图
  • 留意情绪反应
  • 用数据验证