product-management
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Chinese<!-- Adapted from: claude-skills/product-team/product-manager-toolkit -->
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Product Management Toolkit
产品管理工具包
Feature prioritization, PRDs, and product discovery frameworks.
功能优先级规划、PRD及产品发现框架。
When to Use
适用场景
- Prioritizing feature backlog
- Writing product requirements
- Analyzing customer interviews
- Planning sprints and roadmaps
- Making data-driven product decisions
- 功能待办事项优先级排序
- 撰写产品需求文档(PRD)
- 分析客户访谈内容
- 规划冲刺与产品路线图
- 制定数据驱动的产品决策
RICE Prioritization
RICE优先级排序法
Formula
计算公式
Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort| Factor | Scale |
|---|---|
| Reach | Users per quarter |
| Impact | Massive=3, High=2, Medium=1, Low=0.5, Minimal=0.25 |
| Confidence | High=100%, Medium=80%, Low=50% |
| Effort | Person-months |
Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort| 因素 | 评分尺度 |
|---|---|
| Reach | 每季度覆盖用户数 |
| Impact | 重大=3, 高=2, 中等=1, 低=0.5, 极小=0.25 |
| Confidence | 高=100%, 中=80%, 低=50% |
| Effort | 投入人力(人月) |
Example
示例
| Feature | Reach | Impact | Confidence | Effort | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| User Dashboard | 500 | 3 (massive) | 80% | 5 | 240 |
| Dark Mode | 300 | 1 (medium) | 100% | 2 | 150 |
| API Rate Limiting | 1000 | 2 (high) | 90% | 3 | 600 |
| 功能 | Reach | Impact | Confidence | Effort | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 用户仪表盘 | 500 | 3(重大) | 80% | 5 | 240 |
| 深色模式 | 300 | 1(中等) | 100% | 2 | 150 |
| API速率限制 | 1000 | 2(高) | 90% | 3 | 600 |
Value vs Effort Matrix
价值-投入矩阵
Low Effort High Effort
High QUICK WINS BIG BETS
Value [Prioritize] [Strategic]
Low FILL-INS TIME SINKS
Value [Maybe] [Avoid] 低投入 高投入
高价值 快速制胜项 战略押注项
[优先处理] [战略布局]
低价值 补充项 时间黑洞
[可考虑] [避免投入]PRD Template
PRD模板
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedFeature: [Name]
功能: [名称]
Problem Statement
问题陈述
What problem are we solving? For whom?
我们要解决什么问题?面向谁?
Success Metrics
成功指标
- Primary: [Metric and target]
- Secondary: [Supporting metrics]
- 核心指标: [指标及目标]
- 辅助指标: [支撑性指标]
User Stories
用户故事
As a [user], I want [capability] so that [benefit].
作为[用户角色],我希望[拥有某项能力],以便[获得某种收益]。
Requirements
需求
Must Have (P0)
必备项(P0)
- [Requirement 1]
- [需求1]
Should Have (P1)
应备项(P1)
- [Requirement 2]
- [需求2]
Out of Scope
范围外内容
- [Explicit exclusion]
- [明确排除项]
Design
设计方案
[Link to designs or wireframes]
[设计稿或线框图链接]
Technical Approach
技术方案
[High-level technical approach]
[高层级技术实现思路]
Timeline
时间线
- Phase 1: [Scope] - [Date]
- Phase 2: [Scope] - [Date]
- 阶段1: [范围] - [日期]
- 阶段2: [范围] - [日期]
Open Questions
待解决问题
- [Question 1]
undefined- [问题1]
undefinedCustomer Interview Framework
客户访谈框架
Structure (35 min)
访谈结构(35分钟)
-
Context (5 min)
- Role and responsibilities
- Current workflow
- Tools used
-
Problem Exploration (15 min)
- Pain points
- Frequency and impact
- Current workarounds
-
Solution Validation (10 min)
- Reaction to concepts
- Value perception
- Willingness to pay
-
Wrap-up (5 min)
- Other thoughts
- Referrals
-
背景介绍(5分钟)
- 角色与职责
- 当前工作流程
- 使用工具
-
问题探索(15分钟)
- 痛点
- 发生频率与影响
- 当前解决方案
-
方案验证(10分钟)
- 对概念的反应
- 价值感知
- 付费意愿
-
收尾(5分钟)
- 其他想法
- 推荐介绍
Analysis Framework
分析框架
Extract from each interview:
- Pain points with severity (high/medium/low)
- Feature requests with priority
- Jobs to be done patterns
- Key quotes for stakeholder communication
从每次访谈中提取以下内容:
- 痛点及严重程度(高/中/低)
- 功能请求及优先级
- 待完成工作模式
- 关键引述(用于利益相关方沟通)
Sprint Planning
冲刺规划
Capacity Planning
容量规划
Sprint Capacity = Team Size × Days × Velocity Factor
Example:
5 engineers × 10 days × 0.7 = 35 story points冲刺容量 = 团队规模 × 天数 × 速率系数
示例:
5名工程师 × 10天 × 0.7 = 35故事点Story Point Guidelines
故事点指南
| Points | Complexity | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trivial | Copy change |
| 2 | Simple | Add field to form |
| 3 | Medium | New API endpoint |
| 5 | Complex | New feature with UI |
| 8 | Very Complex | Integration with external service |
| 13 | Epic-level | Break down further |
| 故事点 | 复杂度 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 微小 | 文案修改 |
| 2 | 简单 | 为表单添加字段 |
| 3 | 中等 | 新增API端点 |
| 5 | 复杂 | 带UI的新功能 |
| 8 | 非常复杂 | 与外部服务集成 |
| 13 | 史诗级 | 需进一步拆分 |
MoSCoW Method
MoSCoW方法
- Must Have: Critical for launch
- Should Have: Important but not critical
- Could Have: Nice to have
- Won't Have: Out of scope (this release)
- Must Have: 发布必备项
- Should Have: 重要但非必备
- Could Have: 锦上添花项
- Won't Have: 本版本范围外内容
Metrics Framework
指标框架
North Star Metric
北极星指标
- What's the #1 value to users?
- Is it measurable and actionable?
- Does it predict business success?
- 对用户来说,最重要的价值是什么?
- 它是否可衡量且可落地?
- 它能否预测业务成功?
Feature Success Metrics
功能成功指标
- Adoption: % users using feature
- Frequency: Usage per user per week
- Retention: Continued usage over time
- Satisfaction: NPS/CSAT for feature
- 采用率: 使用该功能的用户占比
- 使用频率: 每位用户每周使用次数
- 留存率: 长期持续使用情况
- 满意度: 功能的NPS/CSAT评分
Best Practices
最佳实践
Writing PRDs
PRD撰写
- Start with problem, not solution
- Include clear success metrics
- Explicitly state what's out of scope
- Use visuals (wireframes, flows)
- 从问题入手,而非直接给出解决方案
- 包含清晰的成功指标
- 明确说明范围外内容
- 使用可视化素材(线框图、流程图)
Prioritization
优先级排序
- Mix quick wins with strategic bets
- Account for dependencies
- Buffer for unexpected work (20%)
- Revisit quarterly
- 平衡快速制胜项与战略押注项
- 考虑依赖关系
- 预留20%缓冲时间应对突发工作
- 每季度重新审视优先级
Discovery
产品发现
- Ask "why" 5 times
- Focus on past behavior, not intentions
- Look for emotional reactions
- Validate with data
- 连续问5次“为什么”
- 关注过往行为,而非主观意图
- 留意情绪反应
- 用数据验证