literature-review
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Literature Review Guide
文献综述指南
Conduct comprehensive, systematic literature reviews using academic databases.
利用学术数据库开展全面、系统的文献综述工作。
When to Use
适用场景
- Conducting systematic literature reviews
- Synthesizing research on a topic
- Writing literature review sections
- Identifying research gaps
- Building bibliographies
- 开展系统综述
- 整合某一主题的研究成果
- 撰写文献综述章节
- 识别研究空白
- 构建参考文献目录
Core Workflow
核心工作流程
Phase 1: Planning
第一阶段:规划
-
Define Research Question (PICO framework for clinical)
- Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
-
Establish Scope
- Review type: narrative, systematic, scoping
- Time period, geographic scope
- Study types to include
-
Develop Search Strategy
- Key terms and synonyms
- Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT)
- Database-specific syntax
-
明确研究问题(临床领域可使用PICO框架)
- 研究对象(Population)、干预措施(Intervention)、对照方案(Comparison)、结局指标(Outcome)
-
确定研究范围
- 综述类型:叙述性综述、系统综述、范围综述
- 时间范围、地域范围
- 纳入的研究类型
-
制定检索策略
- 关键词及同义词
- 布尔运算符(AND、OR、NOT)
- 数据库专属语法
Phase 2: Searching
第二阶段:检索
Key Databases:
| Database | Coverage |
|---|---|
| PubMed | Biomedical, life sciences |
| arXiv | Physics, CS, math preprints |
| Semantic Scholar | Broad academic |
| Google Scholar | Broad coverage |
| Web of Science | Multidisciplinary |
Search Strategy Template:
(term1 OR synonym1) AND (term2 OR synonym2) AND (term3)核心数据库:
| 数据库 | 覆盖领域 |
|---|---|
| PubMed | 生物医学、生命科学 |
| arXiv | 物理学、计算机科学、数学预印本 |
| Semantic Scholar | 综合学术领域 |
| Google Scholar | 广泛覆盖各领域 |
| Web of Science | 多学科领域 |
检索策略模板:
(term1 OR synonym1) AND (term2 OR synonym2) AND (term3)Phase 3: Screening
第三阶段:筛选
-
Title/Abstract Screening
- Apply inclusion/exclusion criteria
- Track reasons for exclusion
-
Full-Text Review
- Assess eligibility
- Extract key data
-
标题/摘要筛选
- 应用纳入/排除标准
- 记录排除原因
-
全文评审
- 评估研究资格
- 提取关键数据
Phase 4: Synthesis
第四阶段:综合分析
Organize Thematically:
markdown
undefined按主题组织内容:
markdown
undefinedTheme 1: [Topic]
主题1:[主题名称]
- Finding A (Author, Year)
- Finding B (Author, Year)
- Synthesis and gaps
- 研究发现A(作者,年份)
- 研究发现B(作者,年份)
- 综合分析与研究空白
Theme 2: [Topic]
主题2:[主题名称]
...
**Comparison Table:**
| Study | Methods | Sample | Key Findings |
|-------|---------|--------|--------------|
| Author 2023 | RCT | n=100 | Finding X |
| Author 2022 | Cohort | n=500 | Finding Y |...
**对比表格:**
| 研究 | 研究方法 | 样本量 | 核心发现 |
|-------|---------|--------|--------------|
| 作者 2023 | RCT | n=100 | 研究发现X |
| 作者 2022 | 队列研究 | n=500 | 研究发现Y |Phase 5: Writing
第五阶段:撰写
Structure:
- Introduction (scope, objectives)
- Methods (search strategy, criteria)
- Results (thematic synthesis)
- Discussion (gaps, future directions)
- Conclusion
结构框架:
- 引言(研究范围、目标)
- 研究方法(检索策略、筛选标准)
- 研究结果(主题式综合分析)
- 讨论(研究空白、未来方向)
- 结论
Citation Management
引用管理
Citation Styles
引用格式
markdown
**APA 7:**
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title. Journal, Volume(Issue), pages. https://doi.org/xxx
**Nature:**
Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. Title. Journal Volume, pages (Year).
**Vancouver:**
Author AA, Author BB. Title. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):pages.markdown
**APA 7:**
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title. Journal, Volume(Issue), pages. https://doi.org/xxx
**Nature:**
Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. Title. Journal Volume, pages (Year).
**Vancouver:**
Author AA, Author BB. Title. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):pages.Tools
工具推荐
- Zotero (free, open source)
- Mendeley (free)
- EndNote (institutional)
- Zotero(免费、开源)
- Mendeley(免费)
- EndNote(机构授权)
Quality Assessment
质量评估
For RCTs: Cochrane Risk of Bias tool
For Observational: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
For Qualitative: CASP checklist
随机对照试验(RCTs): Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具
观察性研究: 纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表
质性研究: CASP checklist
PRISMA Flow Diagram
PRISMA流程图
Records identified (n=X)
↓
Duplicates removed (n=X)
↓
Records screened (n=X)
↓
Records excluded (n=X)
↓
Full-text assessed (n=X)
↓
Studies included (n=X)检索到的文献记录(n=X)
↓
去除重复文献(n=X)
↓
筛选文献记录(n=X)
↓
排除的文献记录(n=X)
↓
评审全文的文献(n=X)
↓
最终纳入的研究(n=X)Best Practices
最佳实践
- Document everything - reproducibility
- Use multiple databases - comprehensive coverage
- Two reviewers - reduce bias (when possible)
- Pre-register protocol - transparency
- Update searches - before publication
- 全程记录 - 保证研究可重复性
- 多数据库检索 - 确保覆盖全面
- 双人评审 - 减少偏倚(如有条件)
- 预注册研究方案 - 提升透明度
- 更新检索结果 - 投稿前完成
Common Pitfalls
常见误区
- Publication bias (positive results overrepresented)
- Language bias (English-only searches)
- Citation bias (citing famous papers)
- Not updating searches before submission
- 发表偏倚(阳性结果占比过高)
- 语言偏倚(仅检索英文文献)
- 引用偏倚(仅引用知名论文)
- 投稿前未更新检索结果
Resources
参考资源
- PRISMA Guidelines: http://prisma-statement.org/
- Cochrane Handbook: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook
- PROSPERO (protocol registration): https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
- PRISMA指南:http://prisma-statement.org/
- Cochrane手册:https://training.cochrane.org/handbook
- PROSPERO(研究方案注册平台):https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/