cw-bluf

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🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

BLUF

Purpose

用途

Find the most important idea in the supplied writing and judge whether the reader encounters it at the earliest point that best serves the piece.

Treat BLUF as an importance-and-placement test, not a rule that every piece must state its thesis in the first sentence. Account for audience, purpose, format, narrative strategy, persuasion, and comic timing.

Read

../../references/context-contract.md

and load the relevant project, publication, assignment, audience, and format context before judging placement.

Preserve the writer's ownership of the thesis. Surface a stronger latent lede as a candidate, not as permission to rebuild the piece around a new argument.

找出所提供文本中的核心观点，判断读者是否能在最有利于文本表达的最早位置接触到它。

请将BLUF视为一项重要性与布局测试，而非要求所有文本都必须在第一句点明论点的硬性规则。需考虑受众、目的、格式、叙事策略、说服力以及喜剧节奏。

在判断布局之前，请阅读

../../references/context-contract.md

并加载相关的项目、出版物、任务、受众及格式背景信息。

保留作者对论点的所有权。若发现更有力的潜在导语，仅作为候选提出，不得擅自围绕新论点重构文本。

Establish The Scope

确定范围

Identify:

The unit under review: full piece, post, section, paragraph, or sentence
The intended reader
The unit's job: inform, recommend, persuade, explain, instruct, entertain, or narrate
The amount of attention and prior knowledge the format reasonably allows

Read the full supplied artifact before judging its opening. Do not infer the bottom line from the introduction alone.

For a long piece with subheads, check the whole-piece BLUF first, then perform a lightweight section scan. For a supplied selection, judge that unit unless broader context is required to determine its purpose.

If no audience is named, assume an intelligent, interested first-time reader with no unstated context.

明确以下信息：

评审单元：全文、帖子、章节、段落或句子
目标读者
单元的作用：告知、建议、说服、解释、指导、娱乐或叙事
该格式合理预期的读者注意力时长与前置知识量

在评判开头之前，请通读完整的提供文本。请勿仅从引言推断核心结论。

对于带有小标题的长文，先检查全文的BLUF，再对各章节做简要扫描。对于提供的节选内容，仅评审该单元，除非需要更广泛的背景来确定其目的。

若未指定受众，则默认读者为聪明、有兴趣的首次阅读者，且不掌握任何未明示的背景信息。

Extract The Three BLUFs

提取三类BLUF

Distinguish among:

Layer	Question
Declared BLUF	What do the headline, opening, or first beat tell the reader is important?
Delivered BLUF	What idea does the complete artifact actually spend its weight supporting, demonstrating, or concluding?
Latent lede	Is a more consequential idea hiding later that deserves greater prominence?

State when the layers align.

Do not mistake the most vivid sentence, broadest claim, or cleverest phrase for the latent lede. A latent lede must better capture the artifact's consequence, argument, finding, action, or reader payoff.

If several plausible bottom lines compete, surface them as choices requiring writer judgment.

区分以下三类：

层级	问题
声明式BLUF	标题、开头或第一个节奏点告诉读者什么是重要的？
实际传递BLUF	完整文本实际着力支撑、论证或总结的观点是什么？
潜在导语	是否有更重要的观点藏在后面，理应得到更突出的呈现？

若各层级一致，请明确说明。

请勿将最生动的句子、最宽泛的主张或最巧妙的措辞误认为潜在导语。潜在导语必须能更好地体现文本的核心意义、论点、发现、行动或读者收益。

如果存在多个合理的核心结论且相互冲突，请将它们列为需要作者判断的选项。

Determine The Placement Mode

确定布局模式

Use the artifact's function to determine what "up front" should mean.

Mode	Placement expectation
Decision, recommendation, memo, news, or report	State the conclusion, change, finding, or required action immediately.
Essay, analysis, or explainer	Allow a hook to lead, but surface the thesis, stakes, or governing idea within the opening movement.
Narrative or feature	Allow a scene or anecdote to lead when it carries the central tension. Surface the larger meaning before curiosity becomes confusion.
Short post	Use either an immediate point or an earned setup and payoff. Judge whether the landing repays the delay.
Persuasion for a resistant audience	Permit strategic delay when immediate disclosure would close the reader before the case can be made.
Process or instructions	State the purpose or outcome early, then organize the body in usable sequence.
Section or paragraph	Place the contribution near the opening unless a deliberate reveal improves comprehension or force.
Sentence	Put the conceptual and grammatical payload before secondary context unless delayed syntax creates a purposeful landing.

Do not apply a universal paragraph or word-count threshold. Judge delay relative to the artifact's length, reader, and function.

根据文本的功能来判断「前置」的定义。

模式	布局预期
决策、建议、备忘录、新闻或报告	立即说明结论、变更、发现或所需行动。
随笔、分析或解释性文章	允许以钩子开头，但需在开篇部分内点明论点、利害关系或核心思想。
叙事或特写	若场景或轶事承载核心张力，可以其开篇。在读者的好奇转为困惑之前点明深层含义。
短帖子	既可以直接点明观点，也可以先做合理铺垫再揭晓答案。判断最终落点是否配得上前期的铺垫。
针对抵触型受众的说服性内容	若直接点明观点会让读者在论证展开前就失去兴趣，可允许战略性延迟。
流程或操作指南	尽早说明目的或结果，然后按实用顺序组织正文内容。
章节或段落	将核心贡献放在靠近开头的位置，除非刻意的揭示能提升理解度或冲击力。
句子	将概念和语法核心放在次要语境之前，除非延迟的句法结构能实现有目的的表达效果。

不要套用统一的段落或字数阈值。需结合文本的长度、读者和功能来判断延迟是否合理。

Run The Placement Tests

执行布局测试

Stop-Reading Test

停止阅读测试

Stop at the end of the natural preview:

Subject line and first sentence for an email or memo
First beat for a short post
Headline, dek, and opening sentences for an article
Opening movement for an essay or narrative
First sentence for a section or paragraph

State what a reader would believe the artifact is about and what they would miss by stopping there.

在自然预览的末尾停止阅读：

邮件或备忘录：主题行 + 第一句
短帖子：第一个节奏点
文章：标题、副标题 + 开头几句
随笔或叙事作品：开篇部分
章节或段落：第一句

说明读者会认为文本是关于什么的，以及如果就此停止阅读会错过什么。

Alignment Test

一致性测试

Compare the declared and delivered BLUFs.

Check whether the headline, opening, body, and ending agree about the important idea. Flag an opening that is clear but foregrounds the wrong thing.

对比声明式BLUF和实际传递BLUF。

检查标题、开头、正文和结尾对核心观点的表述是否一致。若开头清晰但突出的内容有误，请标记出来。

Delay Test

延迟测试

Inspect everything that appears before the delivered or latent BLUF.

Keep material that creates necessary context, tension, trust, comprehension, narrative force, persuasive leverage, or comic timing.

Flag material that mainly records the writer's warm-up, supplies background before relevance, repeats setup, or postpones a point already ready to land.

Every delay must earn itself.

检查出现在实际传递BLUF或潜在导语之前的所有内容。

保留那些能构建必要语境、张力、信任、理解、叙事力量、说服力或喜剧节奏的内容。

标记那些主要是作者热身内容、在说明相关性前就堆砌背景、重复铺垫，或是拖延本已可以点明的观点的内容。

每一次延迟都必须有其价值。

Hierarchy Test

层级测试

Check whether the material following the BLUF supports, develops, qualifies, or applies it in a useful order.

Do not require descending importance when chronology, causality, suspense, or instructional sequence better serves the reader.

检查BLUF之后的内容是否以合理的顺序对其进行支撑、展开、限定或应用。

当时间顺序、因果关系、悬念或教学顺序对读者更有利时，无需强制按重要性降序排列。

Compression Test

压缩测试

Express the delivered BLUF in one or two sentences.

If it cannot be expressed without joining unrelated claims, diagnose a split or unclear center rather than merely moving a sentence earlier.

用一两句话概括实际传递的BLUF。

如果需要拼接多个不相关的主张才能表述清楚，说明核心观点分裂或不明确，而非仅仅把句子提前就能解决。

Choose A Verdict

得出结论

Verdict	Meaning
Front and center	The right idea appears where it best serves the artifact.
Delayed but earned	The point arrives later, but the preceding material improves its comprehension, force, or payoff.
Buried	The right idea exists, but unnecessary material delays it.
Wrong lede	The opening clearly foregrounds a secondary idea while a more consequential one appears later.
Unclear or split	The artifact does not establish one governing idea, or several ideas compete without hierarchy.

Add a secondary diagnosis only when useful:

Intro drift — The opening describes an earlier version of the piece rather than the piece as written.
Premature BLUF — The point appears early but before the reader has the minimum context needed to understand or trust it.
Local burial — A section, paragraph, or sentence hides its own contribution.
Repeated BLUF — The writing keeps re-announcing the point instead of developing it.

结论	含义
前置且突出	核心观点位于最有利于文本表达的位置。
延迟但合理	观点出现较晚，但前面的内容提升了其理解度、冲击力或收益感。
被埋没	核心观点存在，但被不必要的内容拖延了。
导语错误	开头明显突出了次要观点，而更重要的观点出现在后面。
不明确或分裂	文本没有确立一个核心思想，或多个观点相互冲突且没有层级。

仅在有必要时添加次要诊断：

引言跑偏 — 开头描述的是文本的早期版本，而非最终写成的内容。
BLUF过早 — 观点出现得很早，但读者还没有掌握理解或信任它所需的最低限度背景信息。
局部埋没 — 某个章节、段落或句子没有突出其自身的核心贡献。
BLUF重复 — 文本反复重申观点，而非对其展开论述。

Report The Diagnosis

输出诊断报告

For articles, essays, or substantial sections, use:

markdown

undefined

对于文章、随笔或内容较多的章节，使用以下模板：

markdown

undefined

BLUF Check

Scope: [Full piece / section / post / paragraph / sentence]

Verdict: [Front and center / Delayed but earned / Buried / Wrong lede / Unclear or split]

Declared BLUF: [What the opening foregrounds]

Delivered BLUF: [What the artifact actually supports or concludes]

Latent lede: [Stronger idea found later, if present]

Current location: [Exact paragraph, section, or quoted sentence]

Best location: [Where the important idea belongs]

Scope: [Full piece / section / post / paragraph / sentence]

Verdict: [Front and center / Delayed but earned / Buried / Wrong lede / Unclear or split]

Declared BLUF: [What the opening foregrounds]

Delivered BLUF: [What the artifact actually supports or concludes]

Latent lede: [Stronger idea found later, if present]

Current location: [Exact paragraph, section, or quoted sentence]

Best location: [Where the important idea belongs]

Placement Diagnosis

[Explain what earns its place before the BLUF, what delays it unnecessarily, and how the current order affects the reader.]

Smallest Effective Move

[Move, cut, promote, combine, reframe, or preserve.]

What To Protect

[Scene, tension, voice, qualification, joke, or context that should survive the change.]


Omit the latent-lede and protection fields when they do not apply.

For a short post, paragraph, or sentence, compress the output:

```markdown
**Verdict:** [Verdict]

**BLUF:** [Most important idea]

**Placement:** [Where it is and where it belongs]

**Smallest move:** [Specific recommendation]

Quote the relevant language and identify its exact location. Do not give a generic instruction to "get to the point."

[Scene, tension, voice, qualification, joke, or context that should survive the change.]


若潜在导语和需保护内容不适用，可省略对应字段。

对于短帖子、段落或句子，可简化输出：

```markdown
**Verdict:** [Verdict]

**BLUF:** [Most important idea]

**Placement:** [Where it is and where it belongs]

**Smallest move:** [Specific recommendation]

请引用相关原文并指出其确切位置。不要给出「直入主题」这类笼统的建议。

Revise Only When Asked

仅在被要求时修改

Diagnose and recommend placement by default.

When asked to fix the artifact:

Preserve the writer's intended claim and voice.
Try the smallest structural move first: promote an existing sentence, move a paragraph, cut warm-up, tighten the bridge between hook and point, or reframe the opening emphasis.
Rewrite the opening only when rearrangement cannot solve the problem.
Adjust transitions created by the move.
Do not introduce stock announcements such as "This article argues" or "The bottom line is."
Flag any proposed thesis change for writer judgment before rebuilding the piece around it.

默认仅做诊断并提出布局建议。

当被要求修改文本时：

保留作者的预期主张和语气。
优先尝试最小幅度的结构调整：提升现有句子的位置、移动段落、删减热身内容、收紧钩子与观点之间的过渡，或重新调整开头的侧重点。
仅靠调整顺序无法解决问题时，再重写开头。
调整因位置移动产生的过渡问题。
不要引入「本文认为」或「核心结论是」这类套话。
任何对论点的修改建议都需先标记出来，待作者判断后再围绕其重构文本。

Boundaries

适用边界

Use
```
cw-hook
```
to generate an attention-getting opening. A strong hook can still bury or misrepresent the lede.
Use
```
cw-thesis
```
when the central claim itself needs to be generated or sharpened. BLUF judges the hierarchy and placement of ideas already present.
Use
```
cw-tracks
```
to remove scaffolding, discovery narration, and writerly warm-up throughout a draft. BLUF focuses on where the important idea belongs.
Use
```
cw-dev-edit
```
for a comprehensive review of argument, structure, stakes, evidence, and payoff. BLUF is a narrower placement lens.
Use
```
cw-reader
```
to report the lived sequence of confusion, resistance, or lost attention. BLUF makes an editorial judgment about importance and order.
Use
```
cw-final-pass
```
for a publication-readiness verdict. A BLUF check can happen at any stage and on incomplete material.

使用
```
cw-hook
```
生成吸引注意力的开头。再好的钩子也可能埋没或歪曲导语。
当核心主张本身需要生成或打磨时，使用
```
cw-thesis
```
。BLUF仅评判已有观点的层级和布局。
使用
```
cw-tracks
```
移除草稿中的脚手架、探索式叙事和作者热身内容。BLUF专注于核心观点的合理位置。
使用
```
cw-dev-edit
```
对论点、结构、利害关系、证据和收益做全面评审。BLUF是更聚焦于布局的评审视角。
使用
```
cw-reader
```
报告读者在阅读过程中产生的困惑、抵触或注意力流失的具体顺序。BLUF是对重要性和顺序的编辑判断。
使用
```
cw-final-pass
```
做发布就绪判定。BLUF检查可在任何阶段、针对未完成的内容进行。

Principles

原则

Put reader value before writer chronology.
Distinguish attention from importance.
Treat a clear but secondary opening as a placement failure.
Protect deliberate suspense, persuasion, humor, and narrative timing when they earn the delay.
Do not confuse directness with formulaic thesis announcements.
Prefer the smallest move that reveals the piece already present.
Keep consequential thesis choices with the writer.

读者价值优先于作者的创作顺序。
区分注意力吸引力与重要性。
清晰但突出次要内容的开头属于布局失败。
当刻意的悬念、说服、幽默和叙事节奏有足够价值时，应予以保护。
不要将直接了当与公式化的论点声明混为一谈。
优先采用最小幅度的调整，让文本本身的核心内容显现出来。
核心论点的选择权归作者所有。