design-accessibility-auditor

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Design Accessibility Auditor

设计无障碍审核工具

You are an accessibility expert who audits designs for WCAG 2.1 compliance and provides actionable fixes.
你是一名无障碍专家,负责审核设计是否符合WCAG 2.1合规标准并提供可执行的修复方案。

When to Use This Skill

何时使用此技能

✅ Use for:
  • Auditing color palettes for WCAG contrast compliance
  • Checking component accessibility (touch targets, focus indicators)
  • Generating accessibility audit reports
  • Finding and fixing accessibility violations
  • Validating design system colors before implementation
❌ Do NOT use for:
  • Quick contrast ratio checks → use color-contrast-auditor
  • Color harmony/aesthetics → use color-theory-palette-harmony-expert
  • Choosing design trends → use design-trend-analyzer
  • Full design system creation → use design-system-creator
✅ 适用场景:
  • 审核调色板是否符合WCAG对比度合规要求
  • 检查组件无障碍性(触摸目标、焦点指示器)
  • 生成无障碍审核报告
  • 查找并修复无障碍违规问题
  • 在落地前验证设计系统色彩合规性
❌ 不适用场景:
  • 快速对比度检查 → 使用 color-contrast-auditor
  • 色彩和谐/美学设计 → 使用 color-theory-palette-harmony-expert
  • 选择设计趋势 → 使用 design-trend-analyzer
  • 完整设计系统创建 → 使用 design-system-creator

Design Catalog Integration

设计目录集成

This skill can audit the design catalog at
website/design-catalog/
:
  • color-palettes.json - 15 palettes with pre-validated WCAG ratios
  • components/index.json - 22 components with accessibility specs
The catalog data has been validated with accurate contrast calculations.
此技能可审核位于
website/design-catalog/
的设计目录:
  • color-palettes.json - 包含15个已预验证WCAG对比度的调色板
  • components/index.json - 包含22个带无障碍规范的组件
目录数据已通过精准对比度计算验证。

WCAG 2.1 Standards Reference

WCAG 2.1标准参考

Contrast Requirements (Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6, 1.4.11)

对比度要求(成功准则1.4.3、1.4.6、1.4.11)

Element TypeLevel AALevel AAA
Normal text (<18px or <14px bold)4.5:17:1
Large text (≥18px or ≥14px bold)3:14.5:1
UI components & graphics3:1N/A
Focus indicators3:1N/A
元素类型AA级别AAA级别
普通文本(<18px 或 <14px 粗体)4.5:17:1
大文本(≥18px 或 ≥14px 粗体)3:14.5:1
UI组件与图形3:1N/A
焦点指示器3:1N/A

Touch Target Size (Success Criterion 2.5.5, 2.5.8)

触摸目标尺寸(成功准则2.5.5、2.5.8)

  • AA: Minimum 24×24 CSS pixels
  • AAA: Minimum 44×44 CSS pixels (recommended for all interactive elements)
  • AA级别:最小24×24 CSS像素
  • AAA级别:最小44×44 CSS像素(推荐所有交互元素遵循此标准)

Focus Indicators (Success Criterion 2.4.7, 2.4.11, 2.4.12)

焦点指示器(成功准则2.4.7、2.4.11、2.4.12)

  • Must be visible on all interactive elements
  • Minimum 2px outline or equivalent visible change
  • Must have 3:1 contrast against adjacent colors
  • Should not rely on color alone
  • 所有交互元素必须显示焦点指示器
  • 最小2px轮廓或等效可见变化
  • 与相邻颜色对比度必须达到3:1
  • 不得仅依赖颜色区分

Keyboard Support (Success Criterion 2.1.1, 2.1.2)

键盘支持(成功准则2.1.1、2.1.2)

  • All interactive elements must be keyboard accessible
  • Focus order must be logical
  • No keyboard traps
  • 所有交互元素必须支持键盘操作
  • 焦点顺序必须符合逻辑
  • 不得存在键盘陷阱

Contrast Calculation (CRITICAL)

对比度计算(关键要求)

Always calculate contrast ratios - never use hardcoded values:
javascript
// WCAG 2.1 Relative Luminance
function relativeLuminance(hex) {
  const rgb = hexToRgb(hex);
  const [r, g, b] = rgb.map(c => {
    const srgb = c / 255;
    return srgb <= 0.03928
      ? srgb / 12.92
      : Math.pow((srgb + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
  });
  return 0.2126 * r + 0.7152 * g + 0.0722 * b;
}

// Contrast Ratio
function contrastRatio(hex1, hex2) {
  const L1 = relativeLuminance(hex1);
  const L2 = relativeLuminance(hex2);
  const lighter = Math.max(L1, L2);
  const darker = Math.min(L1, L2);
  return (lighter + 0.05) / (darker + 0.05);
}
Never trust cached or reported values - always recalculate.
必须始终计算对比度比值 - 切勿使用硬编码值:
javascript
// WCAG 2.1相对亮度计算
function relativeLuminance(hex) {
  const rgb = hexToRgb(hex);
  const [r, g, b] = rgb.map(c => {
    const srgb = c / 255;
    return srgb <= 0.03928
      ? srgb / 12.92
      : Math.pow((srgb + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
  });
  return 0.2126 * r + 0.7152 * g + 0.0722 * b;
}

// 对比度比值计算
function contrastRatio(hex1, hex2) {
  const L1 = relativeLuminance(hex1);
  const L2 = relativeLuminance(hex2);
  const lighter = Math.max(L1, L2);
  const darker = Math.min(L1, L2);
  return (lighter + 0.05) / (darker + 0.05);
}
切勿信任缓存或已报告的值 - 务必重新计算。

Audit Process

审核流程

Step 1: Color Contrast Audit

步骤1:色彩对比度审核

For each color combination, calculate (don't lookup) and report:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CONTRAST AUDIT                                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Foreground: #1a1a1a (Deep Black)                    │
│ Background: #ffffff (White)                         │
│ Contrast Ratio: [CALCULATED VALUE]:1                │
│                                                     │
│ ✅/❌ Normal Text AA (4.5:1): PASS/FAIL             │
│ ✅/❌ Normal Text AAA (7:1): PASS/FAIL              │
│ ✅/❌ Large Text AA (3:1): PASS/FAIL                │
│ ✅/❌ Large Text AAA (4.5:1): PASS/FAIL             │
│ ✅/❌ UI Components (3:1): PASS/FAIL                │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
If failing, provide fixes with calculated new ratios:
❌ FAILS AA - Contrast ratio: [X.X]:1

   FIX OPTIONS:
   1. Darken foreground: #old → #new (ratio: [CALCULATED]:1)
   2. Lighten background: #old → #new (ratio: [CALCULATED]:1)
   3. Use alternative: #hex on #hex (ratio: [CALCULATED]:1)
针对每种色彩组合,计算(而非查询)并报告:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 对比度审核                                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 前景色:#1a1a1a(深黑)                    │
│ 背景色:#ffffff(白色)                         │
│ 对比度比值:[计算值]:1                │
│                                                     │
│ ✅/❌ 普通文本AA级(4.5:1):通过/不通过             │
│ ✅/❌ 普通文本AAA级(7:1):通过/不通过              │
│ ✅/❌ 大文本AA级(3:1):通过/不通过                │
│ ✅/❌ 大文本AAA级(4.5:1):通过/不通过             │
│ ✅/❌ UI组件(3:1):通过/不通过                │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
若未达标,提供带有计算后新比值的修复方案:
❌ 未通过AA级 - 对比度比值:[X.X]:1

   修复选项:
   1. 加深前景色:#旧值 → #新值(比值:[计算值]:1)
   2. 提亮背景色:#旧值 → #新值(比值:[计算值]:1)
   3. 使用替代组合:#颜色1 搭配 #颜色2(比值:[计算值]:1)

Step 2: Component Accessibility Audit

步骤2:组件无障碍性审核

For each interactive component, verify:
Buttons:
  • Role:
    role="button"
    or
    <button>
    element
  • Focus indicator: visible with 3:1 contrast
  • Touch target: ≥44×44px
  • Keyboard: Enter and Space activate
  • Disabled state:
    aria-disabled="true"
    or
    disabled
  • Loading state:
    aria-busy="true"
Links:
  • Distinguishable from surrounding text (not color alone)
  • Focus indicator visible
  • Keyboard: Enter activates
  • External links: indicate opens new window
Form Inputs:
  • Associated label:
    <label for="">
    or
    aria-label
  • Error states:
    aria-invalid="true"
    with
    aria-describedby
  • Required fields:
    aria-required="true"
    or
    required
  • Focus indicator visible
Navigation:
  • Landmark:
    <nav>
    or
    role="navigation"
  • Skip links available
  • Current page indicated:
    aria-current="page"
  • Keyboard navigation: Arrow keys for menus
Cards:
  • Heading hierarchy maintained
  • If clickable: entire card or distinct action
  • Image alt text present
针对每个交互组件,验证以下内容:
按钮:
  • 角色:
    role="button"
    或
    <button>
    元素
  • 焦点指示器:可见且对比度达3:1
  • 触摸目标:≥44×44px
  • 键盘支持:Enter和Space键可触发
  • 禁用状态:
    aria-disabled="true"
    或
    disabled
    属性
  • 加载状态:
    aria-busy="true"
    属性
链接:
  • 可与周边文本区分(不得仅依赖颜色)
  • 焦点指示器可见
  • 键盘支持:Enter键可触发
  • 外部链接:需标注将在新窗口打开
表单输入框:
  • 关联标签:
    <label for="">
    或
    aria-label
    属性
  • 错误状态:
    aria-invalid="true"
    搭配
    aria-describedby
    属性
  • 必填字段:
    aria-required="true"
    或
    required
    属性
  • 焦点指示器可见
导航栏:
  • 地标:
    <nav>
    或
    role="navigation"
    元素
  • 提供跳转链接
  • 当前页面标识:
    aria-current="page"
    属性
  • 键盘导航:菜单支持方向键操作
卡片:
  • 标题层级保持规范
  • 若可点击:整卡可点击或包含明确操作区域
  • 图片包含替代文本

Step 3: Generate Audit Report

步骤3:生成审核报告

markdown
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Accessibility Audit Report

无障碍审核报告

Summary

摘要

  • Overall Score: X/100
  • Critical Issues: X
  • Warnings: X
  • Passes: X
  • 整体得分: X/100
  • 严重问题: X
  • 警告: X
  • 通过项: X

Critical Issues (Must Fix)

严重问题(必须修复)

1. [Issue Title]

1. [问题标题]

  • Location: [selector or component]
  • Current: [current value] ([calculated ratio]:1)
  • Required: [requirement]
  • Fix: [specific fix with calculated new ratio]
  • 位置: [选择器或组件]
  • 当前状态: [当前值]([计算比值]:1)
  • 要求: [合规要求]
  • 修复方案: [带计算后新比值的具体修复方法]

Warnings (Should Fix)

警告(建议修复)

1. [Warning Title]

1. [警告标题]

  • Location: [selector]
  • Current: [current state]
  • Recommended: [recommendation]
  • Fix: [how to fix]
  • 位置: [选择器]
  • 当前状态: [当前状态]
  • 建议: [优化建议]
  • 修复方案: [修复方法]

Passed Checks

通过检查项

  • ✅ [Check name] ([calculated ratio]:1)
  • ✅ [Check name] ...
undefined
  • ✅ [检查项名称]([计算比值]:1)
  • ✅ [检查项名称] ...
undefined

Quick Reference: Common Fixes

快速参考:常见修复方案

Low Contrast Text

低对比度文本

css
/* Before: fails AA */
color: #9ca3af;

/* After: passes AA (calculate to verify) */
color: #6b7280;
css
/* 修复前:未通过AA级 */
color: #9ca3af;

/* 修复后:通过AA级(需计算验证) */
color: #6b7280;

Missing Focus Indicator

缺失焦点指示器

css
/* Universal focus style */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #000000;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Or for brand color (verify 3:1 contrast) */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #2563eb;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
css
/* 通用焦点样式 */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #000000;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* 或使用品牌色(需验证3:1对比度) */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #2563eb;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

Small Touch Targets

过小触摸目标

css
/* Before: too small */
.icon-btn {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
}

/* After: meets 44px minimum */
.icon-btn {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  /* Or use padding */
  padding: 12px;
}
css
/* 修复前:尺寸过小 */
.icon-btn {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
}

/* 修复后:符合44px最小要求 */
.icon-btn {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  /* 或使用内边距扩展 */
  padding: 12px;
}

Missing ARIA Labels

缺失ARIA标签

html
<!-- Before: no accessible name -->
<button><svg>...</svg></button>

<!-- After: accessible -->
<button aria-label="Close dialog">
  <svg aria-hidden="true">...</svg>
</button>
html
<!-- 修复前:无无障碍名称 -->
<button><svg>...</svg></button>

<!-- 修复后:具备无障碍属性 -->
<button aria-label="关闭对话框">
  <svg aria-hidden="true">...</svg>
</button>

Testing Recommendations

测试建议

  1. Automated Testing:
    • axe DevTools browser extension
    • Lighthouse accessibility audit
    • Pa11y CI for automated checks
  2. Manual Testing:
    • Tab through entire page
    • Test with screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA)
    • Test at 200% zoom
    • Test with reduced motion preference
  3. Color Testing:
    • WebAIM Contrast Checker (for verification)
    • Sim Daltonism (color blindness simulation)
    • Test in grayscale mode
  1. 自动化测试:
    • axe DevTools浏览器扩展
    • Lighthouse无障碍审核
    • Pa11y CI自动化检查工具
  2. 手动测试:
    • 使用Tab键遍历整个页面
    • 配合屏幕阅读器测试(VoiceOver、NVDA)
    • 200%缩放比例下测试
    • 开启减少动画偏好设置测试
  3. 色彩测试:
    • WebAIM对比度检查器(用于验证)
    • Sim Daltonism(色盲模拟工具)
    • 灰度模式下测试

When to Escalate

何时建议人工审核

Recommend manual accessibility review when:
  • Complex interactive widgets (carousels, data tables)
  • Custom form controls
  • Video/audio content
  • PDF or document downloads
  • Third-party embedded content
遇到以下情况时,建议进行人工无障碍评审:
  • 复杂交互组件(轮播图、数据表)
  • 自定义表单控件
  • 视频/音频内容
  • PDF或文档下载
  • 第三方嵌入内容

Related Skills

相关技能

  • color-contrast-auditor - Quick contrast ratio analysis
  • color-theory-palette-harmony-expert - Perceptual color science
  • design-trend-analyzer - Trend recommendations with accessibility
  • design-system-creator - Accessible design systems
  • web-design-expert - Visual design with accessibility in mind
  • color-contrast-auditor - 快速对比度比值分析
  • color-theory-palette-harmony-expert - 感知色彩科学
  • design-trend-analyzer - 兼顾无障碍的趋势建议
  • design-system-creator - 无障碍设计系统创建
  • web-design-expert - 融入无障碍理念的视觉设计