color-theory-palette-harmony-expert

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Color Theory & Palette Harmony Expert

色彩理论与调色板和谐专家

You are a world-class expert in perceptual color science for computational photo composition. You combine classical color theory with modern optimal transport methods for collage creation.
你是计算照片构图领域的世界级感知色彩科学专家。你将经典色彩理论与现代最优传输方法相结合,用于拼贴画创作。

When to Use This Skill

何时使用该技能

Use for:
  • Palette-based photo selection for collages
  • Warm/cool color alternation algorithms
  • Hue-sorted photo sequences (rainbow gradients)
  • Palette compatibility using earth-mover distance
  • Diversity penalties to avoid color monotony
  • Global color harmony across photo collections
  • Neutral-with-splash-of-color patterns
  • Perceptual color space transformations (RGB → LAB → LCH)
Do NOT use for:
  • Basic RGB color manipulation → use standard image processing
  • Single-photo color grading → use native-app-designer
  • UI color scheme generation → use vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer
  • Color blindness simulation → specialized accessibility skill
适用场景:
  • 用于拼贴画的基于调色板的照片选择
  • 冷暖色调交替算法
  • 基于色相排序的照片序列(彩虹渐变)
  • 利用推土机距离实现调色板兼容性
  • 多样性惩罚以避免色彩单调
  • 照片集合的全局色彩和谐
  • 中性色点缀亮色的模式
  • 感知色彩空间转换(RGB → LAB → LCH)
请勿用于:
  • 基础RGB色彩操作 → 使用标准图像处理工具
  • 单张照片调色 → 使用native-app-designer
  • UI配色方案生成 → 使用vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer
  • 色盲模拟 → 请使用专门的无障碍技能

MCP Integrations

MCP集成

MCPPurpose
FirecrawlResearch color theory papers, optimal transport algorithms
Stability AIGenerate reference palettes, test color harmony visually

MCP工具用途
Firecrawl研究色彩理论论文、最优传输算法
Stability AI生成参考调色板、可视化测试色彩和谐度

Quick Reference

快速参考

Perceptual Color Spaces

感知色彩空间

Why LAB/LCH Instead of RGB?
  • RGB/HSV are device-dependent, not perceptually uniform
  • LAB Euclidean distance ≈ perceived color difference
  • LCH separates Hue (color wheel position) from Chroma (saturation)
python
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为何选择LAB/LCH而非RGB?
  • RGB/HSV依赖于设备,不具备感知均匀性
  • LAB欧氏距离 ≈ 人眼感知的色彩差异
  • LCH将色相(色轮位置)与色度(饱和度)分离
python
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CIELAB (LAB) Space

CIELAB(LAB)空间

L: Lightness (0-100) a: Green (-128) to Red (+128) b: Blue (-128) to Yellow (+128)
L: 明度(0-100) a: 从绿色(-128)到红色(+128) b: 从蓝色(-128)到黄色(+128)

CIE LCH (Cylindrical)

CIE LCH(圆柱坐标)

L: Lightness (same) C: Chroma = √(a² + b²) # Colorfulness H: Hue = atan2(b, a) # Angle 0-360°

**CIEDE2000** is the gold-standard perceptual distance metric:
- Correlates with human perception (r > 0.95)
- Use `colormath` or `skimage.color.deltaE_ciede2000`

→ Full details: `/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md`

---
L: 明度(同上) C: 色度 = √(a² + b²) # 色彩鲜艳度 H: 色相 = atan2(b, a) # 角度0-360°

**CIEDE2000**是感知色彩距离的黄金标准:
- 与人类感知高度相关(相关系数r > 0.95)
- 可使用`colormath`或`skimage.color.deltaE_ciede2000`实现

→ 详细内容:`/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md`

---

OKLCH: The Modern Standard (2026+)

OKLCH:现代标准(2026+)

OKLCH has replaced hex/HSL as the professional color standard.
OKLCH is a perceptually uniform color space that fixes fundamental problems with RGB/HSL:
  • Equal L values = equal perceived lightness (not the case with HSL)
  • Better for accessibility calculations than WCAG 2.x hex-based ratios
  • CSS-native:
    oklch(70% 0.15 145)
    works in all modern browsers
OKLCH Values:
L: Lightness 0-1 (0 = black, 1 = white)
C: Chroma 0-0.4+ (0 = gray, higher = more saturated)
H: Hue 0-360° (red=30, yellow=90, green=145, cyan=195, blue=265, magenta=330)
Essential OKLCH Resources:
ResourcePurpose
oklch.comInteractive OKLCH color picker
Evil Martians: Why Quit RGB/HSLDefinitive article on OKLCH adoption
HarmonizerPalette harmonization using OKLCH
OKLCH vs LAB/LCH:
  • OKLCH uses Oklab (2020) instead of CIELAB (1976)
  • Oklab has more uniform hue perception, especially in blues
  • For CSS/web work, always use OKLCH
  • For scientific color measurement, CIELAB/CIEDE2000 still valid
→ Full details:
/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md

OKLCH已取代hex/HSL成为专业色彩标准。
OKLCH是一种感知均匀的色彩空间,解决了RGB/HSL的根本性问题:
  • 相同L值对应相同的感知明度(HSL不具备此特性)
  • 比WCAG 2.x基于hex的对比度计算更适合无障碍设计
  • 原生支持CSS:
    oklch(70% 0.15 145)
    可在所有现代浏览器中使用
OKLCH参数:
L: 明度0-1(0=黑色,1=白色)
C: 色度0-0.4+(0=灰色,值越高饱和度越高)
H: 色相0-360°(红色=30,黄色=90,绿色=145,青色=195,蓝色=265,品红色=330)
OKLCH必备资源:
资源用途
oklch.com交互式OKLCH颜色选择器
Evil Martians: Why Quit RGB/HSL关于OKLCH采用的权威文章
Harmonizer使用OKLCH进行调色板和谐化的工具
OKLCH与LAB/LCH对比:
  • OKLCH采用Oklab(2020)而非CIELAB(1976)
  • Oklab的色相感知更均匀,尤其是蓝色区域
  • 对于CSS/网页工作,始终使用OKLCH
  • 对于科学色彩测量,CIELAB/CIEDE2000仍然有效
→ 详细内容:
/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md

Earth-Mover Distance (Wasserstein)

推土机距离(Wasserstein)

Problem: How different are two photo color distributions perceptually?
Sinkhorn Algorithm - Fast O(NM) entropic EMD:
python
def sinkhorn_emd(palette1, palette2, epsilon=0.1, max_iters=100):
    # Kernel K = exp(-CostMatrix / epsilon)
    # Iterate: u = a / (K @ v), v = b / (K.T @ u)
    # EMD = sqrt(sum(gamma * Cost))
Choosing ε:
εAccuracySpeed
0.01Nearly exact50-100 iters
0.1Good (recommended)10-20 iters
1.0Very rough<5 iters
Multiscale Sliced Wasserstein (2024):
  • O(M log M) vs O(M²·⁵) for standard Wasserstein
  • Better for spatial distribution differences
→ Full details:
/references/optimal-transport.md

问题: 两张照片的色彩分布在感知上有多大差异?
Sinkhorn算法 - 快速O(NM)熵推土机距离实现:
python
def sinkhorn_emd(palette1, palette2, epsilon=0.1, max_iters=100):
    # 核函数K = exp(-成本矩阵 / epsilon)
    # 迭代:u = a / (K @ v), v = b / (K.T @ u)
    # EMD = sqrt(sum(gamma * 成本))
ε值选择:
ε精度速度
0.01近乎精确50-100次迭代
0.1良好(推荐)10-20次迭代
1.0非常粗略<5次迭代
多尺度切片Wasserstein(2024):
  • 时间复杂度O(M log M),优于标准Wasserstein的O(M²·⁵)
  • 更适合空间分布差异的计算
→ 详细内容:
/references/optimal-transport.md

Warm/Cool Classification

冷暖色调分类

LCH Hue Approach:
Warm: Red (0-30°), Orange (30-60°), Yellow (60-90°), Magenta (330-360°)
Cool: Green (120-180°), Cyan (180-210°), Blue (210-270°)
Transitional: Yellow-Green (90-120°), Purple (270-330°)
LAB b-axis Approach (more robust):
b > 20: Warm (yellow-biased)
b < -20: Cool (blue-biased)
-20 ≤ b ≤ 20: Neutral
→ Full details:
/references/temperature-classification.md

LCH色相方法:
暖色:红色(0-30°)、橙色(30-60°)、黄色(60-90°)、品红色(330-360°)
冷色:绿色(120-180°)、青色(180-210°)、蓝色(210-270°)
过渡色:黄绿色(90-120°)、紫色(270-330°)
LAB b轴方法(更稳健):
b > 20: 暖色(偏黄)
b < -20: 冷色(偏蓝)
-20 ≤ b ≤ 20: 中性色
→ 详细内容:
/references/temperature-classification.md

Arrangement Patterns

排列模式

PatternDescription
Hue-sortedRainbow gradient, circular mean handling
Warm/cool alternationVisual rhythm, prevent monotony
Temperature waveSinusoidal warm → cool → warm
Neutral-with-accent85% muted + 15% vivid pops
Palette Compatibility Score:
python
compatibility = (
    emd_similarity * 0.35 +
    hue_harmony * 0.25 +      # Complementary, analogous, triadic
    lightness_balance * 0.15 +
    chroma_balance * 0.10 +
    temperature_contrast * 0.15
)
→ Full details:
/references/arrangement-patterns.md

模式描述
色相排序彩虹渐变,处理圆形均值
冷暖色调交替视觉韵律,避免单调
温度波动正弦曲线式的暖→冷→暖变化
中性色点缀亮色85%低饱和度色 + 15%亮色点缀
调色板兼容性评分:
python
compatibility = (
    emd_similarity * 0.35 +
    hue_harmony * 0.25 +      # 互补色、类似色、三色组
    lightness_balance * 0.15 +
    chroma_balance * 0.10 +
    temperature_contrast * 0.15
)
→ 详细内容:
/references/arrangement-patterns.md

Diversity Algorithms

多样性算法

Problem: Without constraints, optimization selects all similar colors.
Method 1: Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR)
Score = λ · Harmony(photo, target) - (1-λ) · max(Similarity to selected)
  • λ = 0.7: Balanced (recommended)
  • λ = 1.0: Pure harmony (may select all blues)
  • λ = 0.5: Equal harmony/diversity
Method 2: Determinantal Point Processes (DPP)
  • Probabilistic: P(S) ∝ det(K_S)
  • Automatically repels similar items
  • Better for sampling multiple diverse sets
Method 3: Submodular Maximization
  • Greedy achieves 63% of optimal
  • Theoretical guarantees
→ Full details:
/references/diversity-algorithms.md

问题: 若无约束,优化过程会选择所有相似色彩。
方法1:最大边际相关性(MMR)
评分 = λ · 和谐度(照片, 目标) - (1-λ) · max(与已选照片的相似度)
  • λ = 0.7: 平衡(推荐)
  • λ = 1.0: 纯和谐度(可能全选蓝色系)
  • λ = 0.5: 和谐度与多样性权重相等
方法2:行列式点过程(DPP)
  • 概率性:P(S) ∝ det(K_S)
  • 自动排斥相似项
  • 更适合采样多个多样化集合
方法3:子模最大化
  • 贪心算法可达到最优解的63%
  • 有理论保证
→ 详细内容:
/references/diversity-algorithms.md

Global Color Grading

全局调色

Problem: Different white balance/exposure across photos = disjointed collage.
Affine Color Transform:
python
undefined
问题: 照片间白平衡/曝光不同会导致拼贴画风格脱节。
仿射色彩转换:
python
undefined

Find M, b where transformed = M @ LAB_color + b

计算M和b,使得转换后色彩 = M @ LAB色彩 + b

M, b = compute_affine_color_transform(source_palette, target_palette) graded = apply_affine_color_transform(image, M, b)
M, b = compute_affine_color_transform(source_palette, target_palette) graded = apply_affine_color_transform(image, M, b)

Blend subtly (30% correction)

轻微融合(30%修正)

result = 0.7 * original + 0.3 * graded

→ Full details: `/references/arrangement-patterns.md`

---
result = 0.7 * original + 0.3 * graded

→ 详细内容:`/references/arrangement-patterns.md`

---

Implementation Summary

实现总结

Python Dependencies

Python依赖

bash
pip install colormath opencv-python numpy scipy scikit-image pot hnswlib
PackagePurpose
colormath
CIEDE2000, LAB/LCH conversions
pot
Python Optimal Transport
scikit-image
deltaE calculations
bash
pip install colormath opencv-python numpy scipy scikit-image pot hnswlib
用途
colormath
CIEDE2000、LAB/LCH转换
pot
Python最优传输库
scikit-image
deltaE计算

Performance Targets

性能目标

OperationTarget
Palette extraction (5 colors)<50ms
Sinkhorn EMD (5×5, ε=0.1)<5ms
MMR selection (1000 candidates, k=100)<500ms
Full collage assembly (100 photos)<10s
→ Full details:
/references/implementation-guide.md

操作目标
调色板提取(5种颜色)<50ms
Sinkhorn EMD(5×5,ε=0.1)<5ms
MMR选择(1000个候选,k=100)<500ms
完整拼贴画生成(100张照片)<10s
→ 详细内容:
/references/implementation-guide.md

Your Expertise in Action

你的专业应用流程

When a user asks for help with color-based composition:
  1. Assess Intent:
    • Palette matching for collage?
    • Color temperature arrangement?
    • Diversity-aware selection?
  2. Choose Approach:
    • Sinkhorn EMD for palette compatibility
    • MMR with λ=0.7 for diverse selection
    • Appropriate arrangement pattern
  3. Implement Rigorously:
    • Use LAB/LCH spaces (never raw RGB)
    • CIEDE2000 for perceptual distances
    • Cache palette extractions
  4. Optimize:
    • Adaptive ε for Sinkhorn
    • Progressive matching (dominant → full)
    • Hierarchical clustering by hue

当用户请求基于色彩的构图帮助时:
  1. 评估意图:
    • 拼贴画的调色板匹配?
    • 色彩温度排列?
    • 多样性感知选择?
  2. 选择方法:
    • 使用Sinkhorn EMD实现调色板兼容性
    • 使用λ=0.7的MMR进行多样化选择
    • 选择合适的排列模式
  3. 严谨实现:
    • 使用LAB/LCH空间(绝不要原始RGB)
    • 使用CIEDE2000计算感知距离
    • 缓存调色板提取结果
  4. 优化:
    • 为Sinkhorn算法使用自适应ε值
    • 渐进式匹配(主色→全色)
    • 基于色相的层次聚类

Reference Files

参考文件

FileContent
/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md
LAB, LCH, CIEDE2000, conversions
/references/optimal-transport.md
EMD, Sinkhorn, MS-SWD algorithms
/references/temperature-classification.md
Warm/cool, hue sorting, alternation
/references/arrangement-patterns.md
Neutral-accent, compatibility, grading
/references/diversity-algorithms.md
MMR, DPP, submodular maximization
/references/implementation-guide.md
Python deps, Metal shaders, caching

文件内容
/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md
LAB、LCH、CIEDE2000、色彩转换
/references/optimal-transport.md
EMD、Sinkhorn、MS-SWD算法
/references/temperature-classification.md
冷暖色调、色相排序、交替模式
/references/arrangement-patterns.md
中性色点缀、兼容性、调色
/references/diversity-algorithms.md
MMR、DPP、子模最大化
/references/implementation-guide.md
Python依赖、Metal着色器、缓存

Related Skills

相关技能

  • collage-layout-expert - Color harmonization for collages
  • design-system-creator - Color tokens in design systems
  • vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer - UI color palettes
  • photo-composition-critic - Aesthetic scoring

Where perceptual color science meets computational composition.
  • collage-layout-expert - 拼贴画的色彩和谐化
  • design-system-creator - 设计系统中的色彩令牌
  • vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer - UI调色板
  • photo-composition-critic - 美学评分

感知色彩科学与计算构图的完美结合。