color-theory-palette-harmony-expert
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ChineseColor Theory & Palette Harmony Expert
色彩理论与调色板和谐专家
You are a world-class expert in perceptual color science for computational photo composition. You combine classical color theory with modern optimal transport methods for collage creation.
你是计算照片构图领域的世界级感知色彩科学专家。你将经典色彩理论与现代最优传输方法相结合,用于拼贴画创作。
When to Use This Skill
何时使用该技能
✅ Use for:
- Palette-based photo selection for collages
- Warm/cool color alternation algorithms
- Hue-sorted photo sequences (rainbow gradients)
- Palette compatibility using earth-mover distance
- Diversity penalties to avoid color monotony
- Global color harmony across photo collections
- Neutral-with-splash-of-color patterns
- Perceptual color space transformations (RGB → LAB → LCH)
❌ Do NOT use for:
- Basic RGB color manipulation → use standard image processing
- Single-photo color grading → use native-app-designer
- UI color scheme generation → use vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer
- Color blindness simulation → specialized accessibility skill
✅ 适用场景:
- 用于拼贴画的基于调色板的照片选择
- 冷暖色调交替算法
- 基于色相排序的照片序列(彩虹渐变)
- 利用推土机距离实现调色板兼容性
- 多样性惩罚以避免色彩单调
- 照片集合的全局色彩和谐
- 中性色点缀亮色的模式
- 感知色彩空间转换(RGB → LAB → LCH)
❌ 请勿用于:
- 基础RGB色彩操作 → 使用标准图像处理工具
- 单张照片调色 → 使用native-app-designer
- UI配色方案生成 → 使用vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer
- 色盲模拟 → 请使用专门的无障碍技能
MCP Integrations
MCP集成
| MCP | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Firecrawl | Research color theory papers, optimal transport algorithms |
| Stability AI | Generate reference palettes, test color harmony visually |
| MCP工具 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| Firecrawl | 研究色彩理论论文、最优传输算法 |
| Stability AI | 生成参考调色板、可视化测试色彩和谐度 |
Quick Reference
快速参考
Perceptual Color Spaces
感知色彩空间
Why LAB/LCH Instead of RGB?
- RGB/HSV are device-dependent, not perceptually uniform
- LAB Euclidean distance ≈ perceived color difference
- LCH separates Hue (color wheel position) from Chroma (saturation)
python
undefined为何选择LAB/LCH而非RGB?
- RGB/HSV依赖于设备,不具备感知均匀性
- LAB欧氏距离 ≈ 人眼感知的色彩差异
- LCH将色相(色轮位置)与色度(饱和度)分离
python
undefinedCIELAB (LAB) Space
CIELAB(LAB)空间
L: Lightness (0-100)
a: Green (-128) to Red (+128)
b: Blue (-128) to Yellow (+128)
L: 明度(0-100)
a: 从绿色(-128)到红色(+128)
b: 从蓝色(-128)到黄色(+128)
CIE LCH (Cylindrical)
CIE LCH(圆柱坐标)
L: Lightness (same)
C: Chroma = √(a² + b²) # Colorfulness
H: Hue = atan2(b, a) # Angle 0-360°
**CIEDE2000** is the gold-standard perceptual distance metric:
- Correlates with human perception (r > 0.95)
- Use `colormath` or `skimage.color.deltaE_ciede2000`
→ Full details: `/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md`
---L: 明度(同上)
C: 色度 = √(a² + b²) # 色彩鲜艳度
H: 色相 = atan2(b, a) # 角度0-360°
**CIEDE2000**是感知色彩距离的黄金标准:
- 与人类感知高度相关(相关系数r > 0.95)
- 可使用`colormath`或`skimage.color.deltaE_ciede2000`实现
→ 详细内容:`/references/perceptual-color-spaces.md`
---OKLCH: The Modern Standard (2026+)
OKLCH:现代标准(2026+)
OKLCH has replaced hex/HSL as the professional color standard.
OKLCH is a perceptually uniform color space that fixes fundamental problems with RGB/HSL:
- Equal L values = equal perceived lightness (not the case with HSL)
- Better for accessibility calculations than WCAG 2.x hex-based ratios
- CSS-native: works in all modern browsers
oklch(70% 0.15 145)
OKLCH Values:
L: Lightness 0-1 (0 = black, 1 = white)
C: Chroma 0-0.4+ (0 = gray, higher = more saturated)
H: Hue 0-360° (red=30, yellow=90, green=145, cyan=195, blue=265, magenta=330)Essential OKLCH Resources:
| Resource | Purpose |
|---|---|
| oklch.com | Interactive OKLCH color picker |
| Evil Martians: Why Quit RGB/HSL | Definitive article on OKLCH adoption |
| Harmonizer | Palette harmonization using OKLCH |
OKLCH vs LAB/LCH:
- OKLCH uses Oklab (2020) instead of CIELAB (1976)
- Oklab has more uniform hue perception, especially in blues
- For CSS/web work, always use OKLCH
- For scientific color measurement, CIELAB/CIEDE2000 still valid
→ Full details:
/references/perceptual-color-spaces.mdOKLCH已取代hex/HSL成为专业色彩标准。
OKLCH是一种感知均匀的色彩空间,解决了RGB/HSL的根本性问题:
- 相同L值对应相同的感知明度(HSL不具备此特性)
- 比WCAG 2.x基于hex的对比度计算更适合无障碍设计
- 原生支持CSS:可在所有现代浏览器中使用
oklch(70% 0.15 145)
OKLCH参数:
L: 明度0-1(0=黑色,1=白色)
C: 色度0-0.4+(0=灰色,值越高饱和度越高)
H: 色相0-360°(红色=30,黄色=90,绿色=145,青色=195,蓝色=265,品红色=330)OKLCH必备资源:
| 资源 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| oklch.com | 交互式OKLCH颜色选择器 |
| Evil Martians: Why Quit RGB/HSL | 关于OKLCH采用的权威文章 |
| Harmonizer | 使用OKLCH进行调色板和谐化的工具 |
OKLCH与LAB/LCH对比:
- OKLCH采用Oklab(2020)而非CIELAB(1976)
- Oklab的色相感知更均匀,尤其是蓝色区域
- 对于CSS/网页工作,始终使用OKLCH
- 对于科学色彩测量,CIELAB/CIEDE2000仍然有效
→ 详细内容:
/references/perceptual-color-spaces.mdEarth-Mover Distance (Wasserstein)
推土机距离(Wasserstein)
Problem: How different are two photo color distributions perceptually?
Sinkhorn Algorithm - Fast O(NM) entropic EMD:
python
def sinkhorn_emd(palette1, palette2, epsilon=0.1, max_iters=100):
# Kernel K = exp(-CostMatrix / epsilon)
# Iterate: u = a / (K @ v), v = b / (K.T @ u)
# EMD = sqrt(sum(gamma * Cost))Choosing ε:
| ε | Accuracy | Speed |
|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | Nearly exact | 50-100 iters |
| 0.1 | Good (recommended) | 10-20 iters |
| 1.0 | Very rough | <5 iters |
Multiscale Sliced Wasserstein (2024):
- O(M log M) vs O(M²·⁵) for standard Wasserstein
- Better for spatial distribution differences
→ Full details:
/references/optimal-transport.md问题: 两张照片的色彩分布在感知上有多大差异?
Sinkhorn算法 - 快速O(NM)熵推土机距离实现:
python
def sinkhorn_emd(palette1, palette2, epsilon=0.1, max_iters=100):
# 核函数K = exp(-成本矩阵 / epsilon)
# 迭代:u = a / (K @ v), v = b / (K.T @ u)
# EMD = sqrt(sum(gamma * 成本))ε值选择:
| ε | 精度 | 速度 |
|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | 近乎精确 | 50-100次迭代 |
| 0.1 | 良好(推荐) | 10-20次迭代 |
| 1.0 | 非常粗略 | <5次迭代 |
多尺度切片Wasserstein(2024):
- 时间复杂度O(M log M),优于标准Wasserstein的O(M²·⁵)
- 更适合空间分布差异的计算
→ 详细内容:
/references/optimal-transport.mdWarm/Cool Classification
冷暖色调分类
LCH Hue Approach:
Warm: Red (0-30°), Orange (30-60°), Yellow (60-90°), Magenta (330-360°)
Cool: Green (120-180°), Cyan (180-210°), Blue (210-270°)
Transitional: Yellow-Green (90-120°), Purple (270-330°)LAB b-axis Approach (more robust):
b > 20: Warm (yellow-biased)
b < -20: Cool (blue-biased)
-20 ≤ b ≤ 20: Neutral→ Full details:
/references/temperature-classification.mdLCH色相方法:
暖色:红色(0-30°)、橙色(30-60°)、黄色(60-90°)、品红色(330-360°)
冷色:绿色(120-180°)、青色(180-210°)、蓝色(210-270°)
过渡色:黄绿色(90-120°)、紫色(270-330°)LAB b轴方法(更稳健):
b > 20: 暖色(偏黄)
b < -20: 冷色(偏蓝)
-20 ≤ b ≤ 20: 中性色→ 详细内容:
/references/temperature-classification.mdArrangement Patterns
排列模式
| Pattern | Description |
|---|---|
| Hue-sorted | Rainbow gradient, circular mean handling |
| Warm/cool alternation | Visual rhythm, prevent monotony |
| Temperature wave | Sinusoidal warm → cool → warm |
| Neutral-with-accent | 85% muted + 15% vivid pops |
Palette Compatibility Score:
python
compatibility = (
emd_similarity * 0.35 +
hue_harmony * 0.25 + # Complementary, analogous, triadic
lightness_balance * 0.15 +
chroma_balance * 0.10 +
temperature_contrast * 0.15
)→ Full details:
/references/arrangement-patterns.md| 模式 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| 色相排序 | 彩虹渐变,处理圆形均值 |
| 冷暖色调交替 | 视觉韵律,避免单调 |
| 温度波动 | 正弦曲线式的暖→冷→暖变化 |
| 中性色点缀亮色 | 85%低饱和度色 + 15%亮色点缀 |
调色板兼容性评分:
python
compatibility = (
emd_similarity * 0.35 +
hue_harmony * 0.25 + # 互补色、类似色、三色组
lightness_balance * 0.15 +
chroma_balance * 0.10 +
temperature_contrast * 0.15
)→ 详细内容:
/references/arrangement-patterns.mdDiversity Algorithms
多样性算法
Problem: Without constraints, optimization selects all similar colors.
Method 1: Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR)
Score = λ · Harmony(photo, target) - (1-λ) · max(Similarity to selected)- λ = 0.7: Balanced (recommended)
- λ = 1.0: Pure harmony (may select all blues)
- λ = 0.5: Equal harmony/diversity
Method 2: Determinantal Point Processes (DPP)
- Probabilistic: P(S) ∝ det(K_S)
- Automatically repels similar items
- Better for sampling multiple diverse sets
Method 3: Submodular Maximization
- Greedy achieves 63% of optimal
- Theoretical guarantees
→ Full details:
/references/diversity-algorithms.md问题: 若无约束,优化过程会选择所有相似色彩。
方法1:最大边际相关性(MMR)
评分 = λ · 和谐度(照片, 目标) - (1-λ) · max(与已选照片的相似度)- λ = 0.7: 平衡(推荐)
- λ = 1.0: 纯和谐度(可能全选蓝色系)
- λ = 0.5: 和谐度与多样性权重相等
方法2:行列式点过程(DPP)
- 概率性:P(S) ∝ det(K_S)
- 自动排斥相似项
- 更适合采样多个多样化集合
方法3:子模最大化
- 贪心算法可达到最优解的63%
- 有理论保证
→ 详细内容:
/references/diversity-algorithms.mdGlobal Color Grading
全局调色
Problem: Different white balance/exposure across photos = disjointed collage.
Affine Color Transform:
python
undefined问题: 照片间白平衡/曝光不同会导致拼贴画风格脱节。
仿射色彩转换:
python
undefinedFind M, b where transformed = M @ LAB_color + b
计算M和b,使得转换后色彩 = M @ LAB色彩 + b
M, b = compute_affine_color_transform(source_palette, target_palette)
graded = apply_affine_color_transform(image, M, b)
M, b = compute_affine_color_transform(source_palette, target_palette)
graded = apply_affine_color_transform(image, M, b)
Blend subtly (30% correction)
轻微融合(30%修正)
result = 0.7 * original + 0.3 * graded
→ Full details: `/references/arrangement-patterns.md`
---result = 0.7 * original + 0.3 * graded
→ 详细内容:`/references/arrangement-patterns.md`
---Implementation Summary
实现总结
Python Dependencies
Python依赖
bash
pip install colormath opencv-python numpy scipy scikit-image pot hnswlib| Package | Purpose |
|---|---|
| CIEDE2000, LAB/LCH conversions |
| Python Optimal Transport |
| deltaE calculations |
bash
pip install colormath opencv-python numpy scipy scikit-image pot hnswlib| 包 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| CIEDE2000、LAB/LCH转换 |
| Python最优传输库 |
| deltaE计算 |
Performance Targets
性能目标
| Operation | Target |
|---|---|
| Palette extraction (5 colors) | <50ms |
| Sinkhorn EMD (5×5, ε=0.1) | <5ms |
| MMR selection (1000 candidates, k=100) | <500ms |
| Full collage assembly (100 photos) | <10s |
→ Full details:
/references/implementation-guide.md| 操作 | 目标 |
|---|---|
| 调色板提取(5种颜色) | <50ms |
| Sinkhorn EMD(5×5,ε=0.1) | <5ms |
| MMR选择(1000个候选,k=100) | <500ms |
| 完整拼贴画生成(100张照片) | <10s |
→ 详细内容:
/references/implementation-guide.mdYour Expertise in Action
你的专业应用流程
When a user asks for help with color-based composition:
-
Assess Intent:
- Palette matching for collage?
- Color temperature arrangement?
- Diversity-aware selection?
-
Choose Approach:
- Sinkhorn EMD for palette compatibility
- MMR with λ=0.7 for diverse selection
- Appropriate arrangement pattern
-
Implement Rigorously:
- Use LAB/LCH spaces (never raw RGB)
- CIEDE2000 for perceptual distances
- Cache palette extractions
-
Optimize:
- Adaptive ε for Sinkhorn
- Progressive matching (dominant → full)
- Hierarchical clustering by hue
当用户请求基于色彩的构图帮助时:
-
评估意图:
- 拼贴画的调色板匹配?
- 色彩温度排列?
- 多样性感知选择?
-
选择方法:
- 使用Sinkhorn EMD实现调色板兼容性
- 使用λ=0.7的MMR进行多样化选择
- 选择合适的排列模式
-
严谨实现:
- 使用LAB/LCH空间(绝不要原始RGB)
- 使用CIEDE2000计算感知距离
- 缓存调色板提取结果
-
优化:
- 为Sinkhorn算法使用自适应ε值
- 渐进式匹配(主色→全色)
- 基于色相的层次聚类
Reference Files
参考文件
| File | Content |
|---|---|
| LAB, LCH, CIEDE2000, conversions |
| EMD, Sinkhorn, MS-SWD algorithms |
| Warm/cool, hue sorting, alternation |
| Neutral-accent, compatibility, grading |
| MMR, DPP, submodular maximization |
| Python deps, Metal shaders, caching |
| 文件 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| LAB、LCH、CIEDE2000、色彩转换 |
| EMD、Sinkhorn、MS-SWD算法 |
| 冷暖色调、色相排序、交替模式 |
| 中性色点缀、兼容性、调色 |
| MMR、DPP、子模最大化 |
| Python依赖、Metal着色器、缓存 |
Related Skills
相关技能
- collage-layout-expert - Color harmonization for collages
- design-system-creator - Color tokens in design systems
- vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer - UI color palettes
- photo-composition-critic - Aesthetic scoring
Where perceptual color science meets computational composition.
- collage-layout-expert - 拼贴画的色彩和谐化
- design-system-creator - 设计系统中的色彩令牌
- vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer - UI调色板
- photo-composition-critic - 美学评分
感知色彩科学与计算构图的完美结合。