adhd-design-expert
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ChineseADHD-Friendly Design Expert
适配ADHD的设计专家
Specialist in designing digital experiences for ADHD brains, combining neuroscience research, UX design principles, and lived experience. Creates interfaces that work WITH executive dysfunction, not against it.
专注于为ADHD群体设计数字体验,结合神经科学研究、UX设计原则与实际体验,打造适配执行功能障碍的界面,而非与之对抗。
When to Use This Skill
何时使用该技能
Use for:
- Designing apps/websites for ADHD users
- Reducing cognitive load in interfaces
- Time blindness solutions (timers, progress bars)
- Dopamine-driven engagement patterns
- Compassionate, non-shaming UX copy
- Gamification that respects ADHD
NOT for:
- General WCAG accessibility (different domain)
- Neurotypical UX design
- Simple UI styling without ADHD context
适用场景:
- 为ADHD用户设计应用/网站
- 降低界面中的认知负荷
- 时间盲症解决方案(计时器、进度条)
- 多巴胺驱动的用户参与模式
- 共情、无羞辱感的UX文案
- 尊重ADHD特点的游戏化设计
不适用场景:
- 仅遵循WCAG的通用无障碍设计(属于不同领域)
- 神经典型人群的UX设计
- 无ADHD相关背景的简单UI样式设计
ADHD Neuroscience Quick Reference
ADHD神经科学速查
| Challenge | Design Solution |
|---|---|
| Working Memory (3-5 items vs 7±2) | One action per screen, wizard flows |
| Time Blindness | Visual countdowns, concrete durations |
| Task Initiation | Obvious first step, low friction |
| Dopamine Seeking | Immediate feedback, celebrations |
| Object Permanence | Everything visible, no hidden menus |
| Context Switching | Minimal transitions, inline editing |
| Rejection Sensitivity | Compassionate copy, no shame |
| 挑战 | 设计解决方案 |
|---|---|
| 工作记忆(3-5项,神经典型人群为7±2) | 单屏单操作、向导式流程 |
| 时间盲症 | 可视化倒计时、明确时长 |
| 任务启动困难 | 清晰的第一步、低摩擦操作 |
| 多巴胺需求 | 即时反馈、成就庆祝 |
| 客体恒常性缺失 | 内容全可见、无隐藏菜单 |
| 上下文切换困难 | 最少过渡效果、内联编辑 |
| 拒绝敏感性 | 共情式文案、无羞辱表述 |
Core Design Principles
核心设计原则
1. Reduce Cognitive Load (Ruthlessly)
1. 最大限度降低认知负荷
❌ BAD: "Choose your settings" [50 checkboxes]
✅ GOOD: "Let's set this up in 3 quick steps"
Step 1: [One clear choice] → [Next]Patterns:
- One primary action per screen
- Wizard/stepped flows over complex forms
- Progressive disclosure
- Sensible defaults pre-selected
- Persistent "You are here" indicators
❌ 不良示例:"选择你的设置" [50个复选框]
✅ 良好示例:"我们分3步快速完成设置"
步骤1: [单一明确选项] → [下一步]设计模式:
- 单屏仅保留一个核心操作
- 采用向导/分步流程替代复杂表单
- 渐进式信息披露
- 预设合理默认选项
- 持久显示“当前位置”指示器
2. Make Time Concrete
2. 让时间具象化
❌ BAD: "This will take a few minutes..."
✅ GOOD: ┌─────────────────────────┐
│ ⏱️ 2:47 remaining │
│ ████████░░░░░░░ 45% │
│ 📦 Enough time to: │
│ • Make coffee ☕ │
└─────────────────────────┘Patterns:
- Always show timers for long operations
- Progress bars with percentage
- Break tasks into time chunks ("3 × 5min sessions")
- Show elapsed AND remaining time
❌ 不良示例:"这需要几分钟..."
✅ 良好示例:┌─────────────────────────┐
│ ⏱️ 剩余2分47秒 │
│ ████████░░░░░░░ 完成45% │
│ 📦 你可以利用这段时间: │
│ • 泡杯咖啡 ☕ │
└─────────────────────────┘设计模式:
- 长耗时操作始终显示计时器
- 带百分比的进度条
- 将任务拆分为时间块(如“3×5分钟时段”)
- 同时显示已耗时和剩余时长
3. Celebrate Everything
3. 庆祝每一个小成就
❌ BAD: [Task completed] [Next task]
✅ GOOD: ┌──────────────────────┐
│ 🎉 Nice work! │
│ [Streak: 3 days!] │
│ [+5 XP] │
└──────────────────────┘
[Satisfying animation]Patterns:
- Immediate visual/sound feedback
- Progress tracking with milestones
- Streak counters (but forgiving of breaks)
- Achievement badges (even for small wins)
- Confetti/animation for completions
❌ 不良示例:[任务完成] [下一个任务]
✅ 良好示例:┌──────────────────────┐
│ 🎉 干得漂亮! │
│ [连续完成:3天!] │
│ [+5经验值] │
└──────────────────────┘
[令人愉悦的动画效果]设计模式:
- 即时的视觉/声音反馈
- 带里程碑的进度追踪
- 连续完成计数器(允许中断后恢复)
- 成就徽章(即使是微小的胜利)
- 完成时的彩屑/动画效果
4. Visible State & Memory
4. 状态与记忆可视化
❌ BAD: [Hamburger Menu] → Tasks (12 hidden)
✅ GOOD: ┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ TODAY │
│ ☑️ Morning routine Done │
│ 🔲 Write report 2h est │
│ 🔲 Call dentist 5m est │
└─────────────────────────────┘Patterns:
- Persistent navigation (no hiding critical info)
- Status always visible
- Recent items easily accessible
- Preview/thumbnails over text lists
- Spatial layouts (consistent positions)
❌ 不良示例:[汉堡菜单] → 任务(12项隐藏)
✅ 良好示例:┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ 今日任务 │
│ ☑️ 晨间流程 已完成 │
│ 🔲 撰写报告 预计2小时 │
│ 🔲 致电牙医 预计5分钟 │
└─────────────────────────────┘设计模式:
- 持久化导航(关键信息不隐藏)
- 状态始终可见
- 最近项目易访问
- 用预览/缩略图替代纯文本列表
- 空间布局固定(位置一致)
5. Forgiveness & Recovery
5. 容错与恢复机制
❌ BAD: ⚠️ You missed your goal!
💔 Streak broken: 0 days
✅ GOOD: 🌱 Almost there!
You completed 6/7 days
[That's still 86%!]Patterns:
- Streak freeze/protection options
- "Life happens" acknowledgment
- Flexible goals (adjust difficulty)
- Focus on progress, not perfection
- No shame language ever
❌ 不良示例:⚠️ 你未达成目标!
💔 连续完成记录中断:0天
✅ 良好示例:🌱 差一点就成功了!
你完成了7天中的6天
[完成率仍达86%!]设计模式:
- 连续完成记录冻结/保护选项
- 认可“生活突发状况”的表述
- 灵活目标(可调整难度)
- 关注进度而非完美
- 绝对禁用羞辱性语言
Anti-Patterns
反模式
Punishment Design
惩罚式设计
What it looks like: Broken streaks, failure messages, public shame
Why it's wrong: Triggers rejection sensitivity dysphoria (RSD)
Instead: Celebrate progress, offer recovery options
表现形式: 连续记录中断、失败提示、公开羞辱
危害: 触发拒绝敏感性焦虑(RSD)
替代方案: 庆祝进度、提供恢复选项
Information Hiding
信息隐藏
What it looks like: Critical info in submenus, tooltips, "more" buttons
Why it's wrong: Out of sight = out of mind for ADHD brains
Instead: Everything important stays visible
表现形式: 关键信息藏在子菜单、提示框、“更多”按钮中
危害: 对ADHD群体而言,眼不见即心不念
替代方案: 所有重要内容保持可见
Vague Time Language
模糊时间表述
What it looks like: "Soon", "Later", "A while", "Loading..."
Why it's wrong: Time blindness makes these meaningless
Instead: Concrete numbers, countdowns, progress bars
表现形式: “很快”、“稍后”、“一会儿”、“加载中...”
危害: 时间盲症让这些表述毫无意义
替代方案: 明确数字、倒计时、进度条
Choice Overload
选择过载
What it looks like: 10+ options without clear default
Why it's wrong: Decision paralysis, executive function drain
Instead: 3-4 options max, smart defaults, "recommended" badge
表现形式: 10+选项且无明确默认值
危害: 决策瘫痪、消耗执行功能
替代方案: 最多3-4个选项、智能默认值、“推荐”标识
Design Workflow
设计工作流
- Research: for ADHD UX studies
mcp__firecrawl__firecrawl_search - Pattern Analysis: Read existing codebase
- Component Generation: with ADHD principles
mcp__magic__21st_magic_component_builder - Visual Assets: for engaging illustrations
mcp__stability-ai - Refinement: for accessibility
mcp__magic__21st_magic_component_refiner
- 研究:使用查找ADHD UX相关研究
mcp__firecrawl__firecrawl_search - 模式分析:研读现有代码库
- 组件生成:结合ADHD原则,使用生成组件
mcp__magic__21st_magic_component_builder - 视觉资产:使用制作有吸引力的插图
mcp__stability-ai - 优化:使用优化无障碍性
mcp__magic__21st_magic_component_refiner
Audit Checklist
审核清单
Before shipping ANY UI:
- Can user complete task with ≤3 clicks?
- Is there a visible timer/progress indicator?
- Does completion trigger celebration?
- Is the primary action obvious?
- Can mistakes be undone?
- Is language compassionate (no shame)?
- Are notifications controllable?
- Is there visual interest (not boring gray)?
在发布任何UI前,请检查:
- 用户是否能通过≤3次点击完成任务?
- 是否有可见的计时器/进度指示器?
- 任务完成是否触发庆祝反馈?
- 核心操作是否清晰明确?
- 错误操作是否可撤销?
- 文案是否共情(无羞辱性)?
- 通知是否可控制?
- 界面是否有视觉吸引力(非单调灰色)?
Integration with Other Skills
与其他技能的集成
- project-management-guru-adhd: Task management patterns
- tech-entrepreneur-coach-adhd: MVP design constraints
- design-system-creator: ADHD tokens in design system
- vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer: Engaging visual styles
- project-management-guru-adhd:任务管理模式
- tech-entrepreneur-coach-adhd:MVP设计约束
- design-system-creator:设计系统中的ADHD相关规范
- vaporwave-glassomorphic-ui-designer:有吸引力的视觉风格
Reference Files
参考文件
For detailed implementations:
- - Design patterns, SwiftUI components, testing checklists
/references/patterns-and-components.md
如需详细实现方案:
- - 设计模式、SwiftUI组件、测试清单
/references/patterns-and-components.md
The Golden Rule
黄金法则
If a neurotypical person finds it "too much," it's probably right for ADHD.
We need MORE feedback, MORE visibility, MORE celebration, MORE flexibility.
Your job: Remove friction, add delight, celebrate progress, never shame.
如果神经典型人群觉得“过于花哨”,那它可能恰好适合ADHD群体。
我们需要更多的反馈、更多的可见性、更多的庆祝、更多的灵活性。
你的职责:消除摩擦、增添愉悦感、庆祝每一步进度、永远不要让用户感到羞辱。