// SwiftUI — Standard menu structure
@main
struct MyApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()
        }
        .commands {
            // Adds to existing standard menus
            CommandGroup(after: .newItem) {
                Button("New from Template...") { newFromTemplate() }
                    .keyboardShortcut("T", modifiers: [.command, .shift])
            }
            CommandMenu("Canvas") {
                Button("Zoom to Fit") { zoomToFit() }
                    .keyboardShortcut("0", modifiers: .command)
                Divider()
                Button("Add Artboard") { addArtboard() }
                    .keyboardShortcut("A", modifiers: [.command, .shift])
            }
        }
    }
}

// AppKit — Building menus programmatically
let editMenu = NSMenu(title: "Edit")
let undoItem = NSMenuItem(title: "Undo", action: #selector(UndoManager.undo), keyEquivalent: "z")
let redoItem = NSMenuItem(title: "Redo", action: #selector(UndoManager.redo), keyEquivalent: "Z")
editMenu.addItem(undoItem)
editMenu.addItem(redoItem)
editMenu.addItem(.separator())

// SwiftUI — Dynamic menu state
CommandGroup(replacing: .toolbar) {
    Button(showingSidebar ? "Hide Sidebar" : "Show Sidebar") {
        showingSidebar.toggle()
    }
    .keyboardShortcut("S", modifiers: [.command, .control])
}

// AppKit — Validate menu items
override func validateMenuItem(_ menuItem: NSMenuItem) -> Bool {
    if menuItem.action == #selector(delete(_:)) {
        menuItem.title = selectedItems.count > 1 ? "Delete \(selectedItems.count) Items" : "Delete"
        return !selectedItems.isEmpty
    }
    return super.validateMenuItem(menuItem)
}

// SwiftUI
Text(item.name)
    .contextMenu {
        Button("Rename...") { rename(item) }
        Button("Duplicate") { duplicate(item) }
        Divider()
        Button("Delete", role: .destructive) { delete(item) }
    }

// SwiftUI — Settings scene
@main
struct MyApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup { ContentView() }
        Settings { SettingsView() }  // Automatically wired to Cmd+,
    }
}

// SwiftUI
WindowGroup {
    ContentView()
        .frame(minWidth: 600, minHeight: 400)
}
.defaultSize(width: 900, height: 600)

// AppKit
window.minSize = NSSize(width: 600, height: 400)
window.setContentSize(NSSize(width: 900, height: 600))

// AppKit
window.collectionBehavior.insert(.fullScreenPrimary)

// SwiftUI — Document-based app
@main
struct TextEditorApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        DocumentGroup(newDocument: TextDocument()) { file in
            TextEditorView(document: file.$document)
        }
    }
}

// AppKit
window.representedURL = document.fileURL
window.title = document.displayName
window.isDocumentEdited = document.hasUnsavedChanges

// SwiftUI — NavigationSplitView titles
NavigationSplitView {
    SidebarView()
} detail: {
    DetailView()
        .navigationTitle(document.name)
}

// AppKit
window.setFrameAutosaveName("MainWindow")

// SwiftUI — Automatic with WindowGroup
WindowGroup(id: "main") {
    ContentView()
}
.defaultPosition(.center)

// AppKit — Custom title bar that preserves traffic lights
window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = true
window.styleMask.insert(.fullSizeContentView)
// Traffic lights remain functional and visible

// SwiftUI
WindowGroup {
    ContentView()
        .toolbar {
            ToolbarItem(placement: .primaryAction) {
                Button(action: compose) {
                    Label("Compose", systemImage: "square.and.pencil")
                }
            }
        }
}
.windowToolbarStyle(.unified)

// AppKit
window.titleVisibility = .hidden
window.toolbarStyle = .unified

// SwiftUI — Customizable toolbar
.toolbar(id: "main") {
    ToolbarItem(id: "compose", placement: .primaryAction) {
        Button(action: compose) {
            Label("Compose", systemImage: "square.and.pencil")
        }
    }
    ToolbarItem(id: "filter", placement: .secondaryAction) {
        Button(action: toggleFilter) {
            Label("Filter", systemImage: "line.3.horizontal.decrease")
        }
    }
}
.toolbarRole(.editor)

// SwiftUI
ToolbarItem(placement: .principal) {
    Picker("View Mode", selection: $viewMode) {
        Label("List", systemImage: "list.bullet").tag(ViewMode.list)
        Label("Grid", systemImage: "square.grid.2x2").tag(ViewMode.grid)
        Label("Column", systemImage: "rectangle.split.3x1").tag(ViewMode.column)
    }
    .pickerStyle(.segmented)
}

// SwiftUI
NavigationSplitView {
    SidebarView()
} detail: {
    ContentListView()
        .searchable(text: $searchText, placement: .toolbar, prompt: "Search items")
        .searchSuggestions {
            ForEach(suggestions) { suggestion in
                Text(suggestion.title).searchCompletion(suggestion.title)
            }
        }
}

// SwiftUI
NavigationSplitView(columnVisibility: $columnVisibility) {
    List(selection: $selection) {
        Section("Library") {
            Label("All Items", systemImage: "tray.full")
            Label("Favorites", systemImage: "star")
            Label("Recent", systemImage: "clock")
        }
        Section("Tags") {
            ForEach(tags) { tag in
                Label(tag.name, systemImage: "tag")
            }
        }
    }
    .navigationSplitViewColumnWidth(min: 180, ideal: 220, max: 320)
} detail: {
    DetailView(selection: selection)
}
.navigationSplitViewStyle(.prominentDetail)

// SwiftUI
List(selection: $selection) {
    ForEach(sections) { section in
        Section(section.name) {
            ForEach(section.items) { item in
                NavigationLink(value: item) {
                    Label(item.name, systemImage: item.icon)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
.listStyle(.sidebar)

// SwiftUI — Recursive outline
List(selection: $selection) {
    OutlineGroup(rootNodes, children: \.children) { node in
        Label(node.name, systemImage: node.icon)
    }
}

// SwiftUI
ForEach(favorites) { item in
    Label(item.name, systemImage: item.icon)
}
.onMove { source, destination in
    favorites.move(fromOffsets: source, toOffset: destination)
}

// SwiftUI
Label("Inbox", systemImage: "tray")
    .badge(unreadCount)

// SwiftUI — Focus management
struct ContentView: View {
    @FocusState private var focusedField: Field?

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            TextField("Name", text: $name)
                .focused($focusedField, equals: .name)
            TextField("Email", text: $email)
                .focused($focusedField, equals: .email)
        }
        .onSubmit { advanceFocus() }
    }
}

// SwiftUI — Sheet with Esc support (automatic)
.sheet(isPresented: $showingSheet) {
    SheetView()  // Esc dismisses automatically
}

// AppKit — Custom responder
override func cancelOperation(_ sender: Any?) {
    dismiss(nil)
}

// SwiftUI
Button("Save") { save() }
    .keyboardShortcut(.defaultAction)  // Enter key

Button("Cancel") { cancel() }
    .keyboardShortcut(.cancelAction)   // Esc key

// SwiftUI
List(selection: $selection) {
    ForEach(files) { file in
        FileRow(file: file)
    }
}
.quickLookPreview($quickLookItem, in: files)

// SwiftUI — Hover effect
struct HoverableRow: View {
    @State private var isHovered = false

    var body: some View {
        HStack {
            Text(item.name)
            Spacer()
            if isHovered {
                Button("Edit") { edit() }
                    .buttonStyle(.borderless)
            }
        }
        .padding(8)
        .background(isHovered ? Color.primary.opacity(0.05) : .clear)
        .cornerRadius(6)
        .onHover { hovering in isHovered = hovering }
    }
}

// SwiftUI — Drag and drop
ForEach(items) { item in
    ItemView(item: item)
        .draggable(item)
}
.dropDestination(for: Item.self) { items, location in
    handleDrop(items, at: location)
    return true
}

// Accepting file drops from Finder
.dropDestination(for: URL.self) { urls, location in
    importFiles(urls)
    return true
}

// AppKit — Custom cursor
override func resetCursorRects() {
    addCursorRect(bounds, cursor: .crosshair)
}

// SwiftUI — Tables with multi-selection
Table(items, selection: $selectedItems) {
    TableColumn("Name", value: \.name)
    TableColumn("Date", value: \.dateFormatted)
    TableColumn("Size", value: \.sizeFormatted)
}

// UserNotifications
let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
content.title = "Download Complete"
content.body = "project-assets.zip is ready"
content.categoryIdentifier = "DOWNLOAD"
content.sound = .default

let request = UNNotificationRequest(identifier: UUID().uuidString, content: content, trigger: nil)
UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(request)

// AppKit — Alert with suppression
let alert = NSAlert()
alert.messageText = "Remove from library?"
alert.informativeText = "The file will be moved to the Trash."
alert.alertStyle = .warning
alert.addButton(withTitle: "Remove")
alert.addButton(withTitle: "Cancel")
alert.showsSuppressionButton = true
alert.suppressionButton?.title = "Do not ask again"

let response = alert.runModal()
if alert.suppressionButton?.state == .on {
    UserDefaults.standard.set(true, forKey: "suppressRemoveAlert")
}

// AppKit
NSApp.dockTile.badgeLabel = unreadCount > 0 ? "\(unreadCount)" : nil

// AppKit — Dock menu
override func applicationDockMenu(_ sender: NSApplication) -> NSMenu? {
    let menu = NSMenu()
    menu.addItem(withTitle: "New Window", action: #selector(newWindow(_:)), keyEquivalent: "")
    menu.addItem(withTitle: "New Document", action: #selector(newDocument(_:)), keyEquivalent: "")
    menu.addItem(.separator())
    for doc in recentDocuments.prefix(5) {
        menu.addItem(withTitle: doc.name, action: #selector(openRecent(_:)), keyEquivalent: "")
    }
    return menu
}

import CoreSpotlight

let attributeSet = CSSearchableItemAttributeSet(contentType: .text)
attributeSet.title = document.title
attributeSet.contentDescription = document.summary
attributeSet.thumbnailData = document.thumbnail?.pngData()

let item = CSSearchableItem(uniqueIdentifier: document.id, domainIdentifier: "documents", attributeSet: attributeSet)
CSSearchableIndex.default().indexSearchableItems([item])

// SwiftUI
ShareLink(item: document.url) {
    Label("Share", systemImage: "square.and.arrow.up")
}

// App Intents for Shortcuts
struct CreateDocumentIntent: AppIntent {
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Create Document"
    static var description = IntentDescription("Creates a new document with the given title.")

    @Parameter(title: "Title")
    var title: String

    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        let doc = DocumentManager.shared.create(title: title)
        return .result(value: doc.title)
    }
}

// SwiftUI — Semantic font styles
Text("Title").font(.title)
Text("Headline").font(.headline)
Text("Body text").font(.body)
Text("Caption").font(.caption)
Text("let x = 42").font(.system(.body, design: .monospaced))

// SwiftUI
List { ... }
    .listStyle(.sidebar)  // Automatic vibrancy

// Custom vibrancy
ZStack {
    VisualEffectView(material: .sidebar, blendingMode: .behindWindow)
    Text("Sidebar Content")
}

// AppKit — Visual effect view
let visualEffect = NSVisualEffectView()
visualEffect.material = .sidebar
visualEffect.blendingMode = .behindWindow
visualEffect.state = .followsWindowActiveState

// SwiftUI — Follows system accent automatically
Button("Action") { doSomething() }
    .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)  // Uses system accent color

Toggle("Enable feature", isOn: $isEnabled)  // Toggle tint follows accent

// SwiftUI — Semantic colors
Text("Title").foregroundStyle(.primary)
Text("Subtitle").foregroundStyle(.secondary)

RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
    .fill(Color(nsColor: .controlBackgroundColor))

// Asset catalog: define colors for Both Appearances
// Never use Color.white or Color.black for UI surfaces