claude-prompting
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ChineseClaude Prompt Engineering
Claude提示词工程
Claude is Anthropic's AI assistant designed to be helpful, harmless, and honest. It excels at long-context tasks, follows complex instructions precisely, and works best with well-structured prompts using XML-style tags.
Claude是Anthropic推出的AI助手,旨在提供有用、无害且诚实的服务。它擅长处理长上下文任务,能精准遵循复杂指令,且在使用XML风格标签的结构化提示词时表现最佳。
When to Invoke This Skill
何时调用此技能
Use this skill when:
- Crafting prompts specifically for Claude/Anthropic models (default: Claude Sonnet 4.5)
- Working with long documents or large context (up to 1M tokens with Sonnet 4.5 beta)
- Using structured prompts with XML-style tags
- Implementing extended thinking for complex reasoning
- Requiring precise instruction following
- Building agentic workflows with parallel tool use
在以下场景使用此技能:
- 专为Claude/Anthropic模型编写提示词(默认模型:Claude Sonnet 4.5)
- 处理长文档或大上下文内容(Sonnet 4.5 beta版本支持最高100万token)
- 使用XML风格标签构建结构化提示词
- 为复杂推理任务启用扩展思考功能
- 需要模型精准遵循指令
- 构建支持并行工具调用的Agent工作流
Claude's Identity & Characteristics
Claude的特性与标识
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Personality | Helpful, harmless, honest |
| Constitutional AI | Built-in safety and ethical guidelines |
| Context Window | Up to 1M tokens (Sonnet 4.5 beta), 200K standard |
| Strengths | Long-context analysis, instruction following, document understanding, agentic tasks |
| Prompt Style | Structured, clear, XML-style formatting |
| Extended Thinking | Optional reasoning trace feature with tool use |
| 属性 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| 个性 | 有用、无害、诚实 |
| ** Constitutional AI** | 内置安全与伦理准则 |
| 上下文窗口 | 最高100万token(Sonnet 4.5 beta版本),标准版为20万token |
| 核心优势 | 长上下文分析、指令遵循、文档理解、Agent类任务处理 |
| 提示词风格 | 结构化、清晰、XML风格格式 |
| 扩展思考 | 支持结合工具调用的可选推理追踪功能 |
Universal Prompting Techniques (Claude-Adapted)
适配Claude的通用提示词技巧
1. Zero-Shot Prompting
1. 零样本提示词
Claude responds well to clear, direct zero-shot prompts.
Good Example:
Extract the key dates and events from the following text:
<text>
[paste text]
</text>
Output format: JSON with keys "date", "event", "description"Less Effective:
Can you tell me what dates are in this text?Claude对清晰、直接的零样本提示词响应良好。
优秀示例:
从以下文本中提取关键日期与事件:
<text>
[粘贴文本]
</text>
输出格式:包含"date"、"event"、"description"键的JSON效果较差示例:
你能告诉我这段文本里有哪些日期吗?2. Few-Shot Prompting (Multishot)
2. 少样本提示词(多轮示例)
Use well-formatted examples with XML structure.
<examples>
<example>
<input>
The conference is scheduled for March 15, 2025 in San Francisco.
</input>
<output>
{
"date": "2025-03-15",
"event": "conference",
"location": "San Francisco"
}
</output>
</example>
<example>
<input>
Our next board meeting is on June 22nd.
</input>
<output>
{
"date": "2025-06-22",
"event": "board meeting"
}
</output>
</examples>
<input>
The product launches on September 1st in New York.
</input>
<output>使用XML结构的格式化示例。
<examples>
<example>
<input>
会议定于2025年3月15日在旧金山举行。
</input>
<output>
{
"date": "2025-03-15",
"event": "conference",
"location": "San Francisco"
}
</output>
</example>
<example>
<input>
我们的下一次董事会会议在6月22日。
</input>
<output>
{
"date": "2025-06-22",
"event": "board meeting"
}
</output>
</examples>
<input>
产品将于9月1日在纽约发布。
</input>
<output>3. Chain-of-Thought Prompting
3. 思维链提示词
Claude has an Extended Thinking feature that shows reasoning (enabled via API, output in response):
I need to decide between these two job offers. Let me think through this step by step.
<job_offer_a>
[details]
</job_offer_a>
<job_offer_b>
[details]
</job_offer_b>
Please analyze both offers, show your reasoning, and provide a recommendation.API enables extended thinking; response includes:
<thinking>
First, let me analyze the compensation...
Then consider the growth potential...
The work-life balance factors are...
The company stability differs by...
</thinking>
<answer>
[conclusion]
</answer>Claude具备扩展思考功能,可展示推理过程(通过API启用,在响应中输出):
我需要在这两份工作offer中做选择,请一步步帮我分析。
<job_offer_a>
[详情]
</job_offer_a>
<job_offer_b>
[详情]
</job_offer_b>
请分析这两份offer,展示你的推理过程,并给出推荐建议。API启用扩展思考后,响应将包含:
<thinking>
首先,我来分析薪酬待遇...
然后考虑发展潜力...
工作与生活平衡的因素包括...
公司稳定性的差异在于...
</thinking>
<answer>
[结论]
</answer>4. Zero-Shot CoT
4. 零样本思维链
Simply add "Let's think step by step" or similar:
What's the most efficient route to visit all these cities?
Let's think step by step.只需添加“让我们一步步思考”或类似表述:
游览所有这些城市的最高效路线是什么?
让我们一步步思考。5. Prompt Chaining with XML Tags
5. 结合XML标签的提示词链
Break complex tasks using XML delimiters:
Chain Step 1:
<task>
Extract relevant quotes from this document related to [topic].
</task>
<document>
[paste document]
</document>
<output_format>
<quotes>
<quote>[relevant quote 1]</quote>
<quote>[relevant quote 2]</quote>
</quotes>
</output_format>Chain Step 2:
<task>
Summarize the extracted quotes and synthesize key insights.
</task>
<quotes>
[from previous response]
</quotes>
<output_format>
<summary>
[executive summary]
</summary>
<key_insights>
<insight>[insight 1]</insight>
<insight>[insight 2]</insight>
</key_insights>
</output_format>使用XML分隔符拆分复杂任务:
链步骤1:
<task>
从本文档中提取与[主题]相关的重要引述。
</task>
<document>
[粘贴文档]
</document>
<output_format>
<quotes>
<quote>[相关引述1]</quote>
<quote>[相关引述2]</quote>
</quotes>
</output_format>链步骤2:
<task>
总结提取的引述并提炼核心见解。
</task>
<quotes>
[来自上一步的响应]
</quotes>
<output_format>
<summary>
[执行摘要]
</summary>
<key_insights>
<insight>[见解1]</insight>
<insight>[见解2]</insight>
</key_insights>
</output_format>6. ReAct Prompting
6. ReAct提示词
Use structured thought-action-observation cycles:
<question>
[research question]
</question>
<thought_1>
[what needs to be done first]
</thought_1>
<action_1>
[tool use or information gathering]
</action_1>
<observation_1>
[result from action]
</observation_1>
<thought_2>
[next step based on observation]
</thought_2>
<final_answer>
[conclusion]
</final_answer>使用结构化的思考-行动-观察循环:
<question>
[研究问题]
</question>
<thought_1>
[首先需要完成的事项]
</thought_1>
<action_1>
[工具调用或信息收集]
</action_1>
<observation_1>
[行动结果]
</observation_1>
<thought_2>
[基于观察的下一步计划]
</thought_2>
<final_answer>
[结论]
</final_answer>7. Tree of Thoughts
7. 思维树
Use multiple reasoning paths with XML structure:
<problem>
[complex problem]
</problem>
<thought_paths>
<path_1>
<assumption>[approach 1]</assumption>
<reasoning>[step-by-step]</reasoning>
<conclusion>[result]</conclusion>
</path_1>
<path_2>
<assumption>[approach 2]</assumption>
<reasoning>[step-by-step]</reasoning>
<conclusion>[result]</conclusion>
</path_2>
<path_3>
<assumption>[approach 3]</assumption>
<reasoning>[step-by-step]</reasoning>
<conclusion>[result]</conclusion>
</path_3>
</thought_paths>
<synthesis>
[best path and why]
</synthesis>使用XML结构构建多条推理路径:
<problem>
[复杂问题]
</problem>
<thought_paths>
<path_1>
<assumption>[方法1]</assumption>
<reasoning>[步骤分解]</reasoning>
<conclusion>[结果]</conclusion>
</path_1>
<path_2>
<assumption>[方法2]</assumption>
<reasoning>[步骤分解]</reasoning>
<conclusion>[结果]</conclusion>
</path_2>
<path_3>
<assumption>[方法3]</assumption>
<reasoning>[步骤分解]</reasoning>
<conclusion>[结果]</conclusion>
</path_3>
</thought_paths>
<synthesis>
[最优路径及原因]
</synthesis>Claude-Specific Best Practices
Claude专属最佳实践
1. Use XML-Style Tags for Structure
1. 使用XML风格标签构建结构
Claude's official courses extensively use XML tags:
xml
<context>
[background information]
</context>
<task>
[what needs to be done]
</task>
<examples>
[example inputs and outputs]
</examples>
<input>
[the actual input to process]
</input>
<output_format>
[expected format]
</output_format>Claude的官方教程广泛使用XML标签:
xml
<context>
[背景信息]
</context>
<task>
[需要完成的任务]
</task>
<examples>
[示例输入与输出]
</examples>
<input>
[待处理的实际输入]
</input>
<output_format>
[预期格式]
</output_format>2. Structure Long Prompts Hierarchically
2. 分层构建长提示词
From Anthropic's official courses:
[TASK_CONTEXT]
Setting the stage and overall context
[TONE_CONTEXT]
How Claude should approach the task
[INPUT_DATA]
The actual data to work with
[EXAMPLES]
Few-shot examples
[TASK_DESCRIPTION]
Specific task details
[IMMEDIATE_TASK]
The immediate action to take
[OUTPUT_FORMATTING]
Expected output structure来自Anthropic官方教程:
[TASK_CONTEXT]
设定任务背景与整体上下文
[TONE_CONTEXT]
Claude处理任务的语气要求
[INPUT_DATA]
待处理的实际数据
[EXAMPLES]
少样本示例
[TASK_DESCRIPTION]
具体任务细节
[IMMEDIATE_TASK]
需立即执行的动作
[OUTPUT_FORMATTING]
预期输出结构3. Leverage Extended Thinking
3. 利用扩展思考功能
For complex reasoning, enable Claude's extended thinking via the API:
API Syntax (Python SDK):
python
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
max_tokens=4096,
thinking={
"type": "enabled",
"budget_tokens": 8192
},
messages=[{
"role": "user",
"content": "Analyze this complex problem..."
}]
)Prompt-Side (XML structure for expected output):
<task>
[complex reasoning task]
</task>
<thinking>
[Claude will show its reasoning here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[final answer]
</answer>Key Points:
- sets max tokens for reasoning (must be <
budget_tokens)max_tokens - Claude 4.5 returns summarized thinking by default
- First few lines are more verbose (useful for prompt engineering)
- You're billed for full thinking tokens, not summary tokens
对于复杂推理任务,通过API启用Claude的扩展思考功能:
API语法(Python SDK):
python
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
max_tokens=4096,
thinking={
"type": "enabled",
"budget_tokens": 8192
},
messages=[{
"role": "user",
"content": "分析这个复杂问题..."
}]
)提示词侧(用于指定输出格式的XML结构):
<task>
[复杂推理任务]
</task>
<thinking>
[Claude将在此展示推理过程]
</thinking>
<answer>
[最终答案]
</answer>核心要点:
- 设置推理过程的最大token数(必须小于
budget_tokens)max_tokens - Claude 4.5默认返回精简后的推理内容
- 开头几行内容更详细(对提示词工程很有帮助)
- 计费按照完整推理token数计算,而非精简后的token数
4. Use System Prompts Effectively
4. 有效使用系统提示词
System prompts set Claude's behavior:
System: You are a technical writer specializing in API documentation. Your responses are always:
- Clear and concise
- Technically accurate
- Formatted with Markdown
- Focused on developer needs
User: [your actual query]系统提示词可设定Claude的行为模式:
System: 你是一名专注于API文档的技术作家。你的响应需始终满足:
- 清晰简洁
- 技术准确
- 使用Markdown格式
- 聚焦开发者需求
User: [你的实际查询]5. Prefill Claude's Response
5. 预填充Claude的响应内容
Guide the format by starting Claude's response:
<task>
Analyze this document and extract key findings.
</task>
<document>
[paste document]
</document>
<response>
<summary>
[Claude continues from here]通过预写响应开头来引导输出格式:
<task>
分析本文档并提取关键发现。
</task>
<document>
[粘贴文档]
</document>
<response>
<summary>
[Claude将在此处继续输出]6. Cache Control for Long Prompts
6. 长提示词的缓存控制
Optimize for repeated prompts:
<cached_content cache_control="{\"type\":\"ephemeral\"}">
[large context that doesn't change]
</cached_content>
<task>
[specific task that varies]
</task>针对重复使用的提示词进行优化:
<cached_content cache_control="{\"type\":\"ephemeral\"}">
[不发生变化的大上下文内容]
</cached_content>
<task>
[会变化的具体任务]
</task>7. Claude 4.5 Agent Features
7. Claude 4.5的Agent功能
Claude 4.5 introduces powerful agent capabilities:
Parallel Tool Use - Claude can use multiple tools simultaneously:
xml
<task>
Analyze this data and create a visualization.
</task>
<tools>
- Web search for market data
- Code execution for analysis
- File write for chart output
</tools>
Claude will execute these in parallel when possible.Memory Files - Claude can maintain knowledge across sessions:
xml
<task>
When working on ongoing projects, create a memory file to track:
- Key decisions and rationale
- Project context and constraints
- Preferences and patterns
</task>
Claude will automatically update and reference memory files when given local file access.Extended Thinking with Tools - Reasoning can pause to use tools:
python
undefinedClaude 4.5引入了强大的Agent能力:
并行工具调用 - Claude可同时使用多个工具:
xml
<task>
分析这些数据并创建可视化图表。
</task>
<tools>
- 网络搜索获取市场数据
- 代码执行进行分析
- 文件写入生成图表输出
</tools>
Claude会在可能的情况下并行执行这些操作。记忆文件 - Claude可在多个会话间保留知识:
xml
<task>
处理持续进行的项目时,创建记忆文件以追踪:
- 关键决策及理由
- 项目背景与约束条件
- 偏好与模式
</task>
当获得本地文件访问权限时,Claude会自动更新并引用记忆文件。结合工具的扩展思考 - 推理过程可暂停以调用工具:
python
undefinedAPI: Enable extended thinking with tool use
API:启用结合工具的扩展思考
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
max_tokens=4096,
thinking={
"type": "enabled",
"budget_tokens": 8192
},
tools=[web_search_tool],
messages=[{
"role": "user",
"content": "Research [topic] and provide a comprehensive analysis."
}]
)
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
max_tokens=4096,
thinking={
"type": "enabled",
"budget_tokens": 8192
},
tools=[web_search_tool],
messages=[{
"role": "user",
"content": "研究[主题]并提供全面分析。"
}]
)
Claude can now use web search DURING extended thinking,
Claude现在可在扩展思考过程中调用网络搜索,
alternating between reasoning and information gathering.
在推理与信息收集之间交替进行。
undefinedundefinedAnti-Patterns to Avoid
需避免的反模式
| Anti-Pattern | Why It Fails | Better Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Ambiguous instructions | Claude follows literally | Be explicit about requirements |
| Missing output format | Unpredictable formatting | Always specify format |
| No structure in long prompts | Claude may lose track | Use XML tags and sections |
| Ignoring context window limits | Truncation issues | Be mindful of 200K/1M limits |
| Over-constraining creativity | Reduces Claude's helpfulness | Balance structure with flexibility |
| 反模式 | 失败原因 | 优化方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 模糊的指令 | Claude会严格按字面意思执行 | 明确说明需求 |
| 未指定输出格式 | 输出格式不可预测 | 始终指定输出格式 |
| 长提示词无结构 | Claude可能遗漏关键信息 | 使用XML标签与分段结构 |
| 忽略上下文窗口限制 | 出现内容截断问题 | 注意20万/100万token的限制 |
| 过度限制创造力 | 降低Claude的实用性 | 在结构与灵活性间取得平衡 |
Quick Reference Templates
快速参考模板
Document Analysis
文档分析
xml
<task>
[specific analysis task]
</task>
<document>
[paste document]
</document>
<output_format>
[expected structure]
</output_format>xml
<task>
[具体分析任务]
</task>
<document>
[粘贴文档]
</document>
<output_format>
[预期结构]
</output_format>Code Generation with Examples
带示例的代码生成
xml
<task>
Write a function that [description]
</task>
<requirements>
[specific requirements]
</requirements>
<examples>
<example>
<input>[input example]</input>
<output>[expected output]</output>
</example>
</examples>
<output_format>
[code in specified language]
</output_format>xml
<task>
编写一个实现[功能描述]的函数
</task>
<requirements>
[具体要求]
</requirements>
<examples>
<example>
<input>[输入示例]</input>
<output>[预期输出]</output>
</example>
</examples>
<output_format>
[指定语言的代码]
</output_format>Data Extraction
数据提取
xml
<task>
Extract [specific fields] from the following text
</task>
<input_text>
[paste text]
</input_text>
<output_format>
JSON with keys: [list keys]
</output_format>xml
<task>
从以下文本中提取[具体字段]
</task>
<input_text>
[粘贴文本]
</input_text>
<output_format>
包含以下键的JSON:[键列表]
</output_format>Extended Thinking
扩展思考
python
undefinedpython
undefinedAPI: Enable extended thinking
API:启用扩展思考
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
max_tokens=4096,
thinking={
"type": "enabled",
"budget_tokens": 8192
},
messages=[{
"role": "user",
"content": """
<task>
[complex reasoning task]
</task>
Please show your reasoning step by step, then provide the final answer.
"""
}]
)
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
max_tokens=4096,
thinking={
"type": "enabled",
"budget_tokens": 8192
},
messages=[{
"role": "user",
"content": """
<task>
[复杂推理任务]
</task>
请逐步展示你的推理过程,然后给出最终答案。
"""
}]
)
Response will include <thinking> block followed by <answer>
响应将包含<thinking>块及后续的<answer>
undefinedundefinedModel Capabilities Reference
模型能力参考
| Feature | Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Claude Haiku 4.5 | Claude Opus 4.5 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Context Window | 200K / 1M (beta) | 200K | 200K | Sonnet 4.5: 1M with beta header |
| Extended Thinking | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | With tool use support |
| Max Output | 64K tokens | 64K tokens | 64K tokens | Unified across 4.5 |
| Vision | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | Image analysis |
| Parallel Tool Use | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | Claude 4.5 feature |
| Memory Files | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ✅ Best | Local file knowledge |
| Code | ✅ Excellent | ✅ Good | ✅ Best | Opus 4.5: SOTA coding |
| Speed | Fast | Fastest | Moderate | Default: Sonnet 4.5 |
Recommendation: Start with Claude Sonnet 4.5 - best balance of intelligence, speed, and cost for most use cases. Use Opus 4.5 for complex coding, Haiku 4.5 for speed-critical tasks.
| 特性 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Claude Haiku 4.5 | Claude Opus 4.5 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 上下文窗口 | 20万 / 100万(beta) | 20万 | 20万 | Sonnet 4.5:添加beta请求头可启用100万token |
| 扩展思考 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | 支持结合工具调用 |
| 最大输出 | 64000 token | 64000 token | 64000 token | 4.5系列统一支持 |
| 视觉能力 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | 图片分析 |
| 并行工具调用 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | Claude 4.5新增特性 |
| 记忆文件 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 支持 | ✅ 最优 | 本地文件知识存储 |
| 代码能力 | ✅ 优秀 | ✅ 良好 | ✅ 最优 | Opus 4.5:达到SOTA编码水平 |
| 速度 | 快 | 最快 | 中等 | 默认推荐:Sonnet 4.5 |
推荐:从Claude Sonnet 4.5开始使用——它在智能性、速度与成本间达到最佳平衡,适用于大多数场景。复杂编码任务使用Opus 4.5,对速度要求极高的任务使用Haiku 4.5。
Migration Notes (Claude 3 → 4.5)
迁移说明(Claude 3 → 4.5)
If you're migrating from Claude 3.x to Claude 4.5:
| Change | Impact | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Default model | Sonnet 3.5 → Sonnet 4.5 | Update model IDs in code |
| Context window | 200K → 1M (beta) available | Requires beta header for 1M |
| Parallel tools | New capability | Update prompts to leverage parallel execution |
| Memory files | New capability | Grant file access for persistent knowledge |
| Extended thinking + tools | New capability | Can now use tools during reasoning |
| Max output | 8K → 64K tokens | Adjust output expectations |
API Migration:
python
undefined如果你正从Claude 3.x迁移到Claude 4.5:
| 变更 | 影响 | 操作建议 |
|---|---|---|
| 默认模型 | Sonnet 3.5 → Sonnet 4.5 | 更新代码中的模型ID |
| 上下文窗口 | 20万 → 100万(beta)可用 | 需要添加beta请求头以启用100万token |
| 并行工具调用 | 新增能力 | 更新提示词以利用并行执行特性 |
| 记忆文件 | 新增能力 | 授予文件访问权限以实现持久化知识存储 |
| 扩展思考+工具 | 新增能力 | 现在可在推理过程中调用工具 |
| 最大输出 | 8000 → 64000 token | 调整对输出长度的预期 |
API迁移示例:
python
undefinedOld (Claude 3.5)
旧版本(Claude 3.5)
model="claude-sonnet-3-5-20240620"
model="claude-sonnet-3-5-20240620"
New (Claude 4.5)
新版本(Claude 4.5)
model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929" # or use alias "claude-sonnet-4-5"
Most prompting techniques remain unchanged—XML tags, system prompts, and structured outputs work identically.model="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929" # 或使用别名"claude-sonnet-4-5"
大多数提示词技巧保持不变——XML标签、系统提示词及结构化输出的用法完全一致。Prompt Element Checklist
提示词元素检查清单
When creating Claude prompts, consider including:
- Task Context: Overall purpose and setting
- Tone Context: How Claude should approach it
- Input Data: The actual content to process
- Examples: Few-shot demonstrations (if needed)
- Task Description: Specific instructions
- Immediate Task: What to do right now
- Output Format: Expected structure
- Prefill: Start of Claude's response (optional)
创建Claude提示词时,建议包含以下元素:
- 任务上下文:整体目标与背景
- 语气要求:Claude处理任务的语气风格
- 输入数据:待处理的实际内容
- 示例:少样本演示(如有需要)
- 任务描述:具体指令
- 即时任务:当前需执行的动作
- 输出格式:预期的输出结构
- 预填充:Claude响应的开头内容(可选)
See Also
另请参阅
- - Foundational Claude prompting concepts
references/basics.md - - Detailed technique explanations
references/techniques.md - - XML tag patterns and usage
references/xml-formatting.md - - Reusable Claude prompt patterns
references/patterns.md - - Concrete examples from Anthropic courses
references/examples.md - skill - For Grok/xAI-specific guidance
grok-prompting - skill - For Google Gemini-specific guidance
gemini-prompting
- - Claude提示词基础概念
references/basics.md - - 详细技巧说明
references/techniques.md - - XML标签模式与用法
references/xml-formatting.md - - 可复用的Claude提示词模板
references/patterns.md - - 来自Anthropic教程的具体示例
references/examples.md - 技能 - 针对Grok/xAI模型的专属指南
grok-prompting - 技能 - 针对Google Gemini模型的专属指南
gemini-prompting