redis-expert

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Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Redis Expert

Redis专家

Installation

安装

bash

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bash

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Ubuntu

apt install redis-server -y systemctl enable redis-server

Docker

docker run -d --name redis -p 6379:6379 redis:alpine

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docker run -d --name redis -p 6379:6379 redis:alpine

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Basic Commands

基础命令

bash

redis-cli

bash

redis-cli

Strings

字符串类型

SET key "value" GET key SETEX key 3600 "value" # With TTL (1 hour) TTL key # Check TTL

SET key "value" GET key SETEX key 3600 "value" # 设置TTL（1小时） TTL key # 查看TTL

Hash (objects)

哈希（对象）

HSET user:1 name "John" email "john@example.com" HGET user:1 name HGETALL user:1

Lists

列表

LPUSH queue "task1" RPOP queue

Sets

集合

SADD tags "node" "redis" SMEMBERS tags

Sorted Sets

有序集合

ZADD leaderboard 100 "player1" ZRANGE leaderboard 0 -1 WITHSCORES

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ZADD leaderboard 100 "player1" ZRANGE leaderboard 0 -1 WITHSCORES

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Node.js Integration

Node.js集成

typescript

import { createClient } from 'redis';

const redis = createClient({ url: 'redis://localhost:6379' });
await redis.connect();

// Cache pattern
async function getUser(id: string) {
  const cached = await redis.get(`user:${id}`);
  if (cached) return JSON.parse(cached);
  
  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id } });
  await redis.setEx(`user:${id}`, 3600, JSON.stringify(user));
  return user;
}

// Invalidate
await redis.del(`user:${id}`);

typescript

import { createClient } from 'redis';

const redis = createClient({ url: 'redis://localhost:6379' });
await redis.connect();

// 缓存模式
async function getUser(id: string) {
  const cached = await redis.get(`user:${id}`);
  if (cached) return JSON.parse(cached);
  
  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id } });
  await redis.setEx(`user:${id}`, 3600, JSON.stringify(user));
  return user;
}

// 缓存失效
await redis.del(`user:${id}`);

Caching Strategies

缓存策略

Strategy	Use Case	Implementation
Cache-Aside	Read-heavy	Check cache → Miss → Load DB → Store cache
Write-Through	Consistency	Write DB → Write cache
Write-Behind	Write-heavy	Write cache → Async write DB
TTL	General	Set expiration time

策略	适用场景	实现方式
Cache-Aside（旁路缓存）	读密集型	检查缓存 → 未命中 → 读取数据库 → 存入缓存
Write-Through（写穿透）	强一致性要求	写入数据库 → 写入缓存
Write-Behind（写回）	写密集型	写入缓存 → 异步写入数据库
TTL（过期时间）	通用场景	设置过期时间

Common Patterns

常见模式

typescript

// Rate limiting
async function rateLimit(ip: string, limit = 100) {
  const key = `rate:${ip}`;
  const count = await redis.incr(key);
  if (count === 1) await redis.expire(key, 60);
  return count <= limit;
}

// Session storage
app.use(session({
  store: new RedisStore({ client: redis }),
  secret: 'secret',
  resave: false,
  saveUninitialized: false
}));

// Pub/Sub
await redis.subscribe('channel', (message) => {
  console.log('Received:', message);
});
await redis.publish('channel', 'Hello!');

typescript

// 限流
async function rateLimit(ip: string, limit = 100) {
  const key = `rate:${ip}`;
  const count = await redis.incr(key);
  if (count === 1) await redis.expire(key, 60);
  return count <= limit;
}

// 会话存储
app.use(session({
  store: new RedisStore({ client: redis }),
  secret: 'secret',
  resave: false,
  saveUninitialized: false
}));

// 发布/订阅
await redis.subscribe('channel', (message) => {
  console.log('Received:', message);
});
await redis.publish('channel', 'Hello!');