packaging-tauri-for-linux

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Packaging Tauri Applications for Linux

为Linux打包Tauri应用

Critical Build Requirement

关键构建要求

glibc Compatibility: Build on the oldest base system you intend to support (e.g., Ubuntu 18.04 rather than 22.04). Use Docker or GitHub Actions for reproducible builds.

glibc兼容性：请在你打算支持的最旧基础系统上构建（例如Ubuntu 18.04而非22.04）。使用Docker或GitHub Actions实现可复现的构建。

Format Overview

格式概述

Format	Use Case	Auto-Update	Installation
AppImage	Universal, portable	Manual	Run directly
Debian	Debian/Ubuntu	Via repos	`dpkg -i`
RPM	Fedora/RHEL/openSUSE	Via repos	`rpm -i`
Flatpak	Sandboxed, Flathub	Built-in	`flatpak install`
Snap	Ubuntu Store	Built-in	`snap install`
AUR	Arch Linux	Via helpers	`makepkg -si`

格式	使用场景	自动更新	安装方式
AppImage	通用可移植	手动	直接运行
Debian	Debian/Ubuntu系	通过软件源	`dpkg -i`
RPM	Fedora/RHEL/openSUSE系	通过软件源	`rpm -i`
Flatpak	沙箱化、可发布到Flathub	内置支持	`flatpak install`
Snap	Ubuntu应用商店	内置支持	`snap install`
AUR	Arch Linux	通过辅助工具	`makepkg -si`

AppImage

Self-contained executable bundles requiring no installation.

json

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "appimage": {
        "bundleMediaFramework": true,
        "files": { "/usr/share/README.md": "../README.md" }
      }
    }
  }
}

Option	Description
`bundleMediaFramework`	Include GStreamer (increases size, licensing concerns with `ugly` plugins)
`files`	Additional files (paths must start with `/usr/` )

bash

npm run tauri build -- --bundles appimage

ARM: No cross-compilation support. Use GitHub

ubuntu-22.04-arm

runners.

无需安装的独立可执行包。

json

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "appimage": {
        "bundleMediaFramework": true,
        "files": { "/usr/share/README.md": "../README.md" }
      }
    }
  }
}

选项	说明
`bundleMediaFramework`	包含GStreamer（会增加包体积，使用 `ugly` 插件存在许可证问题）
`files`	额外文件（路径必须以 `/usr/` 开头）

bash

npm run tauri build -- --bundles appimage

ARM架构：不支持交叉编译。请使用GitHub的

ubuntu-22.04-arm

运行器。

Debian Packages (.deb)

Debian包（.deb）

json

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "deb": {
        "depends": ["libssl3", "libasound2"],
        "files": { "/usr/share/doc/myapp/README": "../README.md" },
        "section": "utils",
        "priority": "optional"
      }
    }
  }
}

Default dependencies:

libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0

libgtk-3-0

libappindicator3-1

(if tray used).

bash

npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb

json

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "deb": {
        "depends": ["libssl3", "libasound2"],
        "files": { "/usr/share/doc/myapp/README": "../README.md" },
        "section": "utils",
        "priority": "optional"
      }
    }
  }
}

默认依赖项：

libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0

、

libgtk-3-0

、

libappindicator3-1

（如果使用托盘功能）。

bash

npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb

ARM Cross-Compilation

ARM交叉编译

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

ARM64

rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu


`.cargo/config.toml`:
```toml
[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
linker = "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"

bash

PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu cargo tauri build --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu

rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu


`.cargo/config.toml`:
```toml
[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
linker = "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"

bash

PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu cargo tauri build --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu

RPM Packages

RPM包

json

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "rpm": {
        "depends": ["openssl"],
        "conflicts": ["oldapp"],
        "obsoletes": ["legacyapp < 2.0"],
        "provides": ["myapp-bin"],
        "license": "MIT",
        "preInstallScript": "scripts/pre-install.sh",
        "postInstallScript": "scripts/post-install.sh"
      }
    }
  }
}

Scripts receive:

(install),

(upgrade),

(uninstall).

bash

npm run tauri build -- --bundles rpm

json

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "rpm": {
        "depends": ["openssl"],
        "conflicts": ["oldapp"],
        "obsoletes": ["legacyapp < 2.0"],
        "provides": ["myapp-bin"],
        "license": "MIT",
        "preInstallScript": "scripts/pre-install.sh",
        "postInstallScript": "scripts/post-install.sh"
      }
    }
  }
}

脚本会接收参数：

（安装）、

（升级）、

（卸载）。

bash

npm run tauri build -- --bundles rpm

Signing

签名

bash

gpg --gen-key && gpg --export-secret-keys --armor > private.key
export TAURI_SIGNING_RPM_KEY=$(cat private.key)
export TAURI_SIGNING_RPM_KEY_PASSPHRASE="passphrase"

bash

gpg --gen-key && gpg --export-secret-keys --armor > private.key
export TAURI_SIGNING_RPM_KEY=$(cat private.key)
export TAURI_SIGNING_RPM_KEY_PASSPHRASE="passphrase"

Debug Commands

调试命令

bash

rpm -qip pkg.rpm   # Info
rpm -qlp pkg.rpm   # Files
rpm -qp --scripts pkg.rpm  # Scripts
rpm -Kv pkg.rpm    # Verify signature

bash

rpm -qip pkg.rpm   # 查看信息
rpm -qlp pkg.rpm   # 查看包含文件
rpm -qp --scripts pkg.rpm  # 查看脚本
rpm -Kv pkg.rpm    # 验证签名

Flatpak

Prerequisites

前置要求

bash

sudo apt install flatpak flatpak-builder  # Ubuntu/Debian
flatpak install flathub org.gnome.Platform//46 org.gnome.Sdk//46

bash

sudo apt install flatpak flatpak-builder  # Ubuntu/Debian
flatpak install flathub org.gnome.Platform//46 org.gnome.Sdk//46

Manifest (flatpak-builder.yaml)

清单文件（flatpak-builder.yaml）

yaml

id: com.example.myapp
runtime: org.gnome.Platform
runtime-version: '46'
sdk: org.gnome.Sdk
command: myapp

finish-args:
  - --socket=wayland
  - --socket=fallback-x11
  - --device=dri
  - --share=ipc
  - --share=network
  - --talk-name=org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher
  - --filesystem=xdg-run/tray-icon:create

modules:
  - name: binary
    buildsystem: simple
    sources:
      - type: file
        path: flatpak.metainfo.xml
      - type: file
        url: https://github.com/user/repo/releases/download/v1.0.0/myapp_1.0.0_amd64.deb
        sha256: <hash>
        only-arches: [x86_64]
    build-commands:
      - mkdir deb-extract && ar -x *.deb --output deb-extract
      - tar -C deb-extract -xf deb-extract/data.tar.gz
      - install -Dm755 deb-extract/usr/bin/myapp /app/bin/myapp
      - sed -i 's/^Icon=.*/Icon=com.example.myapp/' deb-extract/usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
      - install -Dm644 deb-extract/usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop /app/share/applications/com.example.myapp.desktop
      - install -Dm644 deb-extract/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/myapp.png /app/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/com.example.myapp.png
      - install -Dm644 flatpak.metainfo.xml /app/share/metainfo/com.example.myapp.metainfo.xml

yaml

id: com.example.myapp
runtime: org.gnome.Platform
runtime-version: '46'
sdk: org.gnome.Sdk
command: myapp

finish-args:
  - --socket=wayland
  - --socket=fallback-x11
  - --device=dri
  - --share=ipc
  - --share=network
  - --talk-name=org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher
  - --filesystem=xdg-run/tray-icon:create

modules:
  - name: binary
    buildsystem: simple
    sources:
      - type: file
        path: flatpak.metainfo.xml
      - type: file
        url: https://github.com/user/repo/releases/download/v1.0.0/myapp_1.0.0_amd64.deb
        sha256: <hash>
        only-arches: [x86_64]
    build-commands:
      - mkdir deb-extract && ar -x *.deb --output deb-extract
      - tar -C deb-extract -xf deb-extract/data.tar.gz
      - install -Dm755 deb-extract/usr/bin/myapp /app/bin/myapp
      - sed -i 's/^Icon=.*/Icon=com.example.myapp/' deb-extract/usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
      - install -Dm644 deb-extract/usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop /app/share/applications/com.example.myapp.desktop
      - install -Dm644 deb-extract/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/myapp.png /app/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/com.example.myapp.png
      - install -Dm644 flatpak.metainfo.xml /app/share/metainfo/com.example.myapp.metainfo.xml

MetaInfo (flatpak.metainfo.xml)

元信息文件（flatpak.metainfo.xml）

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<component type="desktop-application">
  <id>com.example.myapp</id>
  <name>My App</name>
  <summary>Short description</summary>
  <metadata_license>CC0-1.0</metadata_license>
  <project_license>MIT</project_license>
  <description><p>Longer description.</p></description>
  <launchable type="desktop-id">com.example.myapp.desktop</launchable>
  <url type="homepage">https://example.com</url>
  <releases><release version="1.0.0" date="2025-01-01"/></releases>
</component>

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<component type="desktop-application">
  <id>com.example.myapp</id>
  <name>My App</name>
  <summary>Short description</summary>
  <metadata_license>CC0-1.0</metadata_license>
  <project_license>MIT</project_license>
  <description><p>Longer description.</p></description>
  <launchable type="desktop-id">com.example.myapp.desktop</launchable>
  <url type="homepage">https://example.com</url>
  <releases><release version="1.0.0" date="2025-01-01"/></releases>
</component>

Build and Test

构建与测试

bash

flatpak-builder --force-clean --user --install flatpak flatpak-builder.yaml
flatpak run com.example.myapp

bash

flatpak-builder --force-clean --user --install flatpak flatpak-builder.yaml
flatpak run com.example.myapp

Tray Icon Fix

托盘图标修复

rust

TrayIconBuilder::new()
    .icon(app.default_window_icon().unwrap().clone())
    .temp_dir_path(app.path().app_cache_dir().unwrap())
    .build().unwrap();

rust

TrayIconBuilder::new()
    .icon(app.default_window_icon().unwrap().clone())
    .temp_dir_path(app.path().app_cache_dir().unwrap())
    .build().unwrap();

Flathub Submission

提交到Flathub

Fork https://github.com/flathub/flathub
Create branch from
```
new-pr
```
, add manifest
Open PR, address feedback, receive repo access

Fork仓库https://github.com/flathub/flathub
从
```
new-pr
```
分支创建新分支，添加清单文件
提交PR，处理反馈，获取仓库访问权限

Snap Packages

Snap包

Prerequisites

前置要求

bash

sudo apt install snapd
sudo snap install core22
sudo snap install snapcraft --classic

bash

sudo apt install snapd
sudo snap install core22
sudo snap install snapcraft --classic

在https://snapcraft.io注册应用

snapcraft.yaml

yaml

name: myapp
base: core22
version: '1.0.0'
summary: Short description (max 79 chars)
description: Longer description.
grade: stable
confinement: strict

layout:
  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webkit2gtk-4.1:
    bind: $SNAP/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webkit2gtk-4.1

apps:
  myapp:
    command: usr/bin/myapp
    desktop: usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
    extensions: [gnome]
    plugs: [home, network, audio-playback, desktop, wayland, x11, opengl]

parts:
  myapp:
    plugin: nil
    source: .
    build-packages: [nodejs, npm, curl, libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev, libssl-dev, libayatana-appindicator3-dev]
    stage-packages: [libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0, libayatana-appindicator3-1]
    override-build: |
      curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
      . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
      npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb
      mkdir -p deb-extract && ar -x src-tauri/target/release/bundle/deb/*.deb --output deb-extract
      tar -C deb-extract -xf deb-extract/data.tar.gz
      cp -r deb-extract/usr $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/

yaml

name: myapp
base: core22
version: '1.0.0'
summary: Short description (max 79 chars)
description: Longer description.
grade: stable
confinement: strict

layout:
  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webkit2gtk-4.1:
    bind: $SNAP/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webkit2gtk-4.1

apps:
  myapp:
    command: usr/bin/myapp
    desktop: usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
    extensions: [gnome]
    plugs: [home, network, audio-playback, desktop, wayland, x11, opengl]

parts:
  myapp:
    plugin: nil
    source: .
    build-packages: [nodejs, npm, curl, libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev, libssl-dev, libayatana-appindicator3-dev]
    stage-packages: [libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0, libayatana-appindicator3-1]
    override-build: |
      curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
      . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
      npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb
      mkdir -p deb-extract && ar -x src-tauri/target/release/bundle/deb/*.deb --output deb-extract
      tar -C deb-extract -xf deb-extract/data.tar.gz
      cp -r deb-extract/usr $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/

Build and Publish

构建与发布

bash

sudo snapcraft
snap run myapp
snapcraft login && snapcraft upload --release=stable myapp_1.0.0_amd64.snap

bash

sudo snapcraft
snap run myapp
snapcraft login && snapcraft upload --release=stable myapp_1.0.0_amd64.snap

AUR (Arch User Repository)

AUR（Arch用户仓库）

Setup

准备工作

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Create account at https://aur.archlinux.org, configure SSH

在https://aur.archlinux.org创建账号，配置SSH

git clone ssh://aur@aur.archlinux.org/myapp.git

undefined

git clone ssh://aur@aur.archlinux.org/myapp.git

undefined

PKGBUILD (Binary)

PKGBUILD（二进制包）

bash

pkgname=myapp
pkgver=1.0.0
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Description"
arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
url="https://github.com/user/myapp"
license=('MIT')
depends=('cairo' 'desktop-file-utils' 'gdk-pixbuf2' 'glib2' 'gtk3' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libsoup' 'pango' 'webkit2gtk-4.1')
source_x86_64=("$pkgname-$pkgver.deb::https://github.com/user/myapp/releases/download/v$pkgver/myapp_${pkgver}_amd64.deb")
sha256sums_x86_64=('SKIP')

package() { tar -xf data.tar.gz -C "$pkgdir"; }

bash

pkgname=myapp
pkgver=1.0.0
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Description"
arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
url="https://github.com/user/myapp"
license=('MIT')
depends=('cairo' 'desktop-file-utils' 'gdk-pixbuf2' 'glib2' 'gtk3' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libsoup' 'pango' 'webkit2gtk-4.1')
source_x86_64=("$pkgname-$pkgver.deb::https://github.com/user/myapp/releases/download/v$pkgver/myapp_${pkgver}_amd64.deb")
sha256sums_x86_64=('SKIP')

package() { tar -xf data.tar.gz -C "$pkgdir"; }

PKGBUILD (Source)

PKGBUILD（源码包）

bash

pkgname=myapp
pkgver=1.0.0
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Description"
arch=('x86_64')
url="https://github.com/user/myapp"
license=('MIT')
makedepends=('cargo' 'nodejs' 'npm' 'webkit2gtk-4.1' 'base-devel' 'openssl' 'libappindicator-gtk3')
depends=('cairo' 'desktop-file-utils' 'gdk-pixbuf2' 'glib2' 'gtk3' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libsoup' 'pango' 'webkit2gtk-4.1')
source=("$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::https://github.com/user/myapp/archive/v$pkgver.tar.gz")
sha256sums=('SKIP')

build() { cd "$pkgname-$pkgver" && npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb; }
package() { cd "$pkgname-$pkgver" && tar -xf src-tauri/target/release/bundle/deb/*.deb && tar -xf data.tar.gz -C "$pkgdir"; }

bash

pkgname=myapp
pkgver=1.0.0
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Description"
arch=('x86_64')
url="https://github.com/user/myapp"
license=('MIT')
makedepends=('cargo' 'nodejs' 'npm' 'webkit2gtk-4.1' 'base-devel' 'openssl' 'libappindicator-gtk3')
depends=('cairo' 'desktop-file-utils' 'gdk-pixbuf2' 'glib2' 'gtk3' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libsoup' 'pango' 'webkit2gtk-4.1')
source=("$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::https://github.com/user/myapp/archive/v$pkgver.tar.gz")
sha256sums=('SKIP')

build() { cd "$pkgname-$pkgver" && npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb; }
package() { cd "$pkgname-$pkgver" && tar -xf src-tauri/target/release/bundle/deb/*.deb && tar -xf data.tar.gz -C "$pkgdir"; }

Install Script (myapp.install)

安装脚本（myapp.install）

bash

post_install() { update-desktop-database -q; gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f usr/share/icons/hicolor; }
post_upgrade() { post_install; }
post_remove() { post_install; }

bash

post_install() { update-desktop-database -q; gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f usr/share/icons/hicolor; }
post_upgrade() { post_install; }
post_remove() { post_install; }

Submit

提交

bash

makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO
makepkg -si  # Test
git add PKGBUILD .SRCINFO myapp.install && git commit -m "myapp 1.0.0" && git push

bash

makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO
makepkg -si  # 测试安装
git add PKGBUILD .SRCINFO myapp.install && git commit -m "myapp 1.0.0" && git push

Environment Variables

环境变量

GUI apps don't inherit

$PATH

. Use

fix-path-env-rs

toml

[dependencies]
fix-path-env = "0.1"

rust

fn main() {
    fix_path_env::fix();
    tauri::Builder::default().run(tauri::generate_context!()).expect("error");
}

GUI应用不会继承

$PATH

。请使用

fix-path-env-rs

：

toml

[dependencies]
fix-path-env = "0.1"

rust

fn main() {
    fix_path_env::fix();
    tauri::Builder::default().run(tauri::generate_context!()).expect("error");
}

GitHub Actions Example

GitHub Actions示例

yaml

name: Build Linux
on: [push]
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libssl-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev librsvg2-dev
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: 20 }
      - uses: dtolnay/rust-action@stable
      - run: npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb,rpm,appimage
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: linux-bundles
          path: src-tauri/target/release/bundle/**/*

yaml

name: Build Linux
on: [push]
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libssl-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev librsvg2-dev
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: 20 }
      - uses: dtolnay/rust-action@stable
      - run: npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb,rpm,appimage
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: linux-bundles
          path: src-tauri/target/release/bundle/**/*