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ISA Standards Reference for Industrial Automation

工业自动化ISA标准参考文档

ISA-5.1: Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

ISA-5.1:仪表符号与标识

Tag Number Structure

标签编号结构

[Area].[Functional ID].[Loop Number][Suffix]

Functional ID = [First Letter: measured variable] + [Succeeding Letters: function/modifier]

Examples from project:
  11301.PDI.076A   = Area 11301, Pressure Differential Indicator, loop 076, suffix A
  11301.SALL.020A  = Area 11301, Speed Alarm Low-Low, loop 020, suffix A
  11301.FIC.056A   = Area 11301, Flow Indicating Controller, loop 056, suffix A
  11301.CLWW.1A1   = Area 11301, Conveyor (equipment tag), unit 1A1
[Area].[Functional ID].[Loop Number][Suffix]

Functional ID = [First Letter: measured variable] + [Succeeding Letters: function/modifier]

Examples from project:
  11301.PDI.076A   = Area 11301, Pressure Differential Indicator, loop 076, suffix A
  11301.SALL.020A  = Area 11301, Speed Alarm Low-Low, loop 020, suffix A
  11301.FIC.056A   = Area 11301, Flow Indicating Controller, loop 056, suffix A
  11301.CLWW.1A1   = Area 11301, Conveyor (equipment tag), unit 1A1

First Letter (Measured/Initiating Variable)

首字母(被测/触发变量)

LetterVariableAs Succeeding Letter
AAnalysis (pH, O2, conductivity)Alarm
BBurner, CombustionUser's choice
CUser's ChoiceControl
DUser's ChoiceDifferential
EVoltage (EMF)Sensor/Element
FFlow RateRatio/Fraction
GUser's ChoiceGlass/Gauge
HHand (Manual)High
ICurrent (Electrical)Indicate
JPowerScan
KTime, ScheduleTime Rate of Change
LLevelLight/Low
MUser's ChoiceMiddle/Intermediate
NUser's ChoiceUser's choice
OUser's ChoiceOrifice/Restriction
PPressure, VacuumPoint (test)
QQuantityTotalize/Integrate
RRadiationRecord
SSpeed, FrequencySwitch/Safety
TTemperatureTransmit
UMultivariableMultifunction
VVibration, Mechanical AnalysisValve/Damper
WWeight, ForceWell/Probe
XUnclassifiedUnclassified
YEvent, State, PresenceRelay/Compute
ZPosition, DimensionActuator/Driver
字母变量作为后续字母时
A分析(pH值、氧气、电导率)报警
B燃烧器、燃烧用户自定义
C用户自定义控制
D用户自定义差值
E电压(EMF)传感器/元件
F流量比率/分数
G用户自定义玻璃/仪表
H手动
I电流(电气)指示
J功率扫描
K时间、调度时间变化率
L液位灯光/低
M用户自定义中间值
N用户自定义用户自定义
O用户自定义孔板/限流装置
P压力、真空测点(测试)
Q数量累计/积分
R辐射记录
S速度、频率开关/安全
T温度传输
U多变量多功能
V振动、机械分析阀门/挡板
W重量、力阱/探头
X未分类未分类
Y事件、状态、存在继电器/计算
Z位置、尺寸执行器/驱动器

Common Tag Combinations

常见标签组合

Flow: FE (element), FT (transmitter), FI (indicator), FIC (indicating controller), FCV (control valve), FAH (alarm high), FAL (alarm low), FAHH (alarm high-high), FALL (alarm low-low), FSH (switch high), FSL (switch low), FQI (quantity indicator/totalizer), FR (recorder)
Level: LT, LI, LIC, LCV, LAH, LAL, LAHH, LALL, LSH, LSL, LSHH, LSLL, LG (gauge glass)
Pressure: PT, PI, PIC, PCV, PAH, PAL, PAHH, PALL, PDI (differential indicator), PDIC, PDT, PSH, PSL, PSV (safety valve), PG (gauge)
Temperature: TE (element), TT, TI, TIC, TCV, TAH, TAL, TSH, TSL, TR (recorder), TW (thermowell)
Position/Valve: ZT (position transmitter), ZI, ZIC, ZAH (open alarm), ZAL (closed alarm), ZSH (open switch), ZSL (closed switch), ZSHH, ZSLL
Speed: ST, SI, SIC, SAH, SAL, SAHH, SALL
Current (Electrical): II (current indicator), IIC (current indicating controller), IAH, IAHH
Vibration: VI (vibration indicator), VAH, VAHH
流量: FE(元件)、FT(变送器)、FI(指示器)、FIC(指示控制器)、FCV(控制阀)、FAH(高报警)、FAL(低报警)、FAHH(高高报警)、FALL(低低报警)、FSH(高开关)、FSL(低开关)、FQI(数量指示器/累计器)、FR(记录仪)
液位: LT、LI、LIC、LCV、LAH、LAL、LAHH、LALL、LSH、LSL、LSHH、LSLL、LG(玻璃液位计)
压力: PT、PI、PIC、PCV、PAH、PAL、PAHH、PALL、PDI(差压指示器)、PDIC、PDT、PSH、PSL、PSV(安全阀)、PG(压力表)
温度: TE(元件)、TT、TI、TIC、TCV、TAH、TAL、TSH、TSL、TR(记录仪)、TW(热电偶套管)
位置/阀门: ZT(位置变送器)、ZI、ZIC、ZAH(开启报警)、ZAL(关闭报警)、ZSH(开启开关)、ZSL(关闭开关)、ZSHH、ZSLL
速度: ST、SI、SIC、SAH、SAL、SAHH、SALL
电流(电气): II(电流指示器)、IIC(电流指示控制器)、IAH、IAHH
振动: VI(振动指示器)、VAH、VAHH

Equipment Tags (Non-ISA, Plant-Specific)

设备标签(非ISA标准,工厂自定义)

CodeEquipment TypeExample
KKiln/Equipment11301.K.9
NPump11301.N.3A
FFeeder11301.F.4
WGWeighing belt11301.WG.8
SRScreen/Separator11301.SR.9A
CL/CLWWConveyor (weigh)11301.CLWW.1A1
KCCrusher11301.KC.F.4
ELElevator11301.EL.AA
ZSilo/Storage11301.Z.2A
代码设备类型示例
K窑炉/设备11301.K.9
N11301.N.3A
F进料器11301.F.4
WG称重皮带11301.WG.8
SR筛网/分离器11301.SR.9A
CL/CLWW输送机(称重型)11301.CLWW.1A1
KC破碎机11301.KC.F.4
EL提升机11301.EL.AA
Z料仓/存储设备11301.Z.2A

Tag Naming Variations by Region/Vendor

不同地区/厂商的标签命名差异

ConventionFormatExample
ISA PureFIC-101AAmerican standard
European (this project)11301.FIC.101AArea.Function.LoopSuffix
Siemens/KKS+FIC101A=German power plant standard
DeltaV pathFIC-101A/PVWith parameter path
HoneywellFIC101A.PVWith point parameter

规范格式示例
ISA纯标准FIC-101A美国标准
欧洲(本项目)11301.FIC.101A区域.功能.回路后缀
Siemens/KKS+FIC101A=德国电厂标准
DeltaV路径FIC-101A/PV带参数路径
HoneywellFIC101A.PV带测点参数

ISA-88: Batch Control (S88)

ISA-88:批量控制(S88)

Physical Model Hierarchy

物理模型层级

Enterprise
  +-- Site
       +-- Area
            +-- Process Cell
                 +-- Unit
                      +-- Equipment Module (EM)
                           +-- Control Module (CM)
Enterprise
  +-- Site
       +-- Area
            +-- Process Cell
                 +-- Unit
                      +-- Equipment Module (EM)
                           +-- Control Module (CM)

Mapping to DCS Engineering

与DCS工程的映射

ISA-88 ConceptDCS ImplementationExample
Control ModuleFunction block instanceMotor block, valve block, PID loop
Equipment ModuleSequence/SFCReactor filling sequence
UnitProcess unit with sequencesReactor R-101
Process CellGroup of unitsProduction Line A
ISA-88概念DCS实现方式示例
控制模块功能块实例电机块、阀门块、PID回路
设备模块序列/SFC反应器进料序列
单元带序列的工艺单元反应器R-101
工艺单元组单元组生产线A

Control Module Types (Standard Templates)

控制模块类型(标准模板)

  • Motor CM: Start/Stop, feedback, interlock, mode selection
  • On/Off Valve CM: Open/Close, position feedback, interlock
  • Modulating Valve CM: Analog output, position feedback, PID output
  • PID Loop CM: AI input, PID algorithm, AO output
  • Analog Input CM: Scaling, filtering, alarm limits
  • Digital Input CM: State detection, alarm on state

  • 电机CM:启停、反馈、联锁、模式选择
  • 开关阀CM:开关、位置反馈、联锁
  • 调节阀CM:模拟输出、位置反馈、PID输出
  • PID回路CM:AI输入、PID算法、AO输出
  • 模拟输入CM:量程缩放、滤波、报警限值
  • 数字输入CM:状态检测、状态报警

ISA-95: Enterprise-Control Integration

ISA-95:企业-控制集成

Equipment Hierarchy (extends ISA-88 upward)

设备层级(扩展ISA-88至上层)

Enterprise > Site > Area > Work Center > Work Unit
Enterprise > Site > Area > Work Center > Work Unit

Relevance to Tag Naming

与标签命名的关联

Tags should encode the hierarchy. Example:
11301.FIC.056A
  • 11301
    = Area identifier (maps to ISA-95 Area)
  • FIC
    = Function (ISA-5.1)
  • 056
    = Loop number (unique within area)
  • A
    = Suffix (parallel instance)

标签应编码层级信息。示例:
11301.FIC.056A
  • 11301
    = 区域标识符(对应ISA-95区域)
  • FIC
    = 功能(ISA-5.1标准)
  • 056
    = 回路编号(区域内唯一)
  • A
    = 后缀(并行实例)

ISA-18.2: Alarm Management

ISA-18.2:报警管理

Alarm Priority Distribution (Guideline)

报警优先级分配(指南)

PriorityPercentageResponse Time
Critical (1)~5%Immediate
High (2)~15%< 5 minutes
Medium (3)~30%< 30 minutes
Low (4)~50%Next round
优先级占比响应时间
关键(1)~5%立即响应
高(2)~15%< 5分钟
中(3)~30%< 30分钟
低(4)~50%下一轮处理

Alarm Tag Properties for Bulk Engineering

批量工程的报警标签属性

Each alarm tag requires: Priority, Setpoint (limit), Deadband, On-delay, Off-delay, Alarm class (Process/Safety/Equipment), Shelving capability.
每个报警标签需包含:优先级、设定值(限值)、死区、触发延迟、恢复延迟、报警类别(工艺/安全/设备)、搁置功能。

Naming Convention for Alarms

报警命名规范

{Area}.{Variable}{AlarmType}.{Loop}{Suffix}
  PAH  = Pressure Alarm High
  PAHH = Pressure Alarm High-High
  PAL  = Pressure Alarm Low
  PALL = Pressure Alarm Low-Low

In Freelance EAM: XA1 = primary alarm, XA2 = secondary alarm

{Area}.{Variable}{AlarmType}.{Loop}{Suffix}
  PAH  = 压力高报警
  PAHH = 压力高高报警
  PAL  = 压力低报警
  PALL = 压力低低报警

在Freelance EAM中:XA1 = 主报警,XA2 = 副报警

ISA-101: Human Machine Interfaces

ISA-101:人机界面(HMI)

Display Hierarchy

显示层级

LevelNameContentQuantity
1Plant OverviewEntire plant, KPIs1-3
2Area OverviewOne process area5-20
3Unit DetailOne unit operation20-100
4Faceplate/DetailOne control loopAuto-generated
层级名称内容数量
1工厂概览整个工厂、关键绩效指标(KPIs)1-3个
2区域概览单个工艺区域5-20个
3单元详情单个单元操作20-100个
4面板/详情页单个控制回路自动生成

High-Performance HMI Principles

高性能HMI原则

  • Gray backgrounds (not black)
  • Analog representations (bar graphs, sparklines, not just numbers)
  • Minimal animation (no rotating equipment, no flowing pipes)
  • Color reserved for abnormal states (alarms, deviations)
  • Consistent navigation (plant hierarchy)
  • Situational awareness focus
  • 灰色背景(非黑色)
  • 模拟表示(条形图、迷你折线图,而非仅数字)
  • 最少动画(无旋转设备、无流动管道)
  • 颜色仅用于异常状态(报警、偏差)
  • 一致的导航(工厂层级)
  • 聚焦情境感知