KANT (1724-1804)
     │
     ▼
GERMAN IDEALISM (1781-1831)
├── Fichte: Absolute Ego
├── Schelling: Nature Philosophy
└── Hegel: Absolute Spirit, Dialectic
     │
     ├─────────────────────────────────────┐
     ▼                                     ▼
REACTION AGAINST HEGEL              NEO-HEGELIANISM
├── Kierkegaard: Individual         ├── British Idealists
├── Schopenhauer: Will              └── Marxism
└── Nietzsche: Will to Power
     │
     ▼
PHENOMENOLOGY (1900-)
├── Husserl: Intentionality
└── Heidegger: Being-in-the-world
     │
     ▼
EXISTENTIALISM (1940-)
├── Sartre: Radical Freedom
├── Camus: The Absurd
├── Beauvoir: Situated Freedom
└── Merleau-Ponty: Embodiment

HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY
══════════════════

LOGIC (The Idea in-itself)
├── Being, Nothing, Becoming
├── Categories of thought
└── Dialectical development

PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE (The Idea outside-itself)
├── Mechanics
├── Physics
└── Organics

PHILOSOPHY OF SPIRIT (The Idea returning to itself)
├── Subjective Spirit (individual mind)
├── Objective Spirit (social/political)
│   ├── Law
│   ├── Morality
│   └── Ethical Life (State)
└── Absolute Spirit
    ├── Art
    ├── Religion
    └── Philosophy

THESIS → ANTITHESIS → SYNTHESIS (Aufhebung)
   │          │            │
   │          │            └── Preserves truth of both
   │          │                Negates one-sidedness
   │          │                Elevates to higher unity
   │          │
   │          └── Negation, opposition
   │
   └── Initial position, one-sided

THE STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION
════════════════════════════

1. Two self-consciousnesses meet
   └── Each seeks recognition from the other

2. Life-and-death struggle
   └── Each risks life to prove freedom

3. One yields (becomes Slave); other dominates (becomes Master)
   └── Master gains recognition but from unfree being

4. Reversal:
   ├── Master: Dependent on slave; stagnates
   └── Slave: Through work, transforms world and self

5. Slave achieves true self-consciousness
   └── Work = objectification of self in world
   └── Fear of death = awareness of own being

6. Path to mutual recognition
   └── Only free beings can truly recognize each other

KIERKEGAARD'S STAGES
════════════════════

1. AESTHETIC STAGE
   └── Life of pleasure, variety, immediacy
   └── Don Juan, seducer
   └── Despair: Boredom, emptiness

2. ETHICAL STAGE
   └── Life of duty, commitment, universality
   └── Judge Wilhelm, marriage
   └── Despair: Guilt, inability to fulfill duty

3. RELIGIOUS STAGE
   └── Life of faith, individual relation to God
   └── Abraham, leap of faith
   └── "Teleological suspension of the ethical"

NIETZSCHE'S PHILOSOPHY
══════════════════════

WILL TO POWER
├── Not political domination
├── Self-overcoming, creativity
├── Life's fundamental drive
└── Basis of all values

ETERNAL RETURN
├── "What if you had to live this life eternally?"
├── Test of affirmation
├── Heaviest thought
└── Amor fati: love of fate

ÜBERMENSCH (Overman)
├── Beyond good and evil
├── Creates own values
├── Affirms life completely
└── Not a biological type

PERSPECTIVISM
├── No "view from nowhere"
├── All interpretation, no facts
├── Multiple perspectives valuable
└── Against dogmatic truth

PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD
═══════════════════════

1. EPOCHÉ (Bracketing)
   └── Suspend natural attitude
   └── Don't assume world exists independently
   └── Focus on how things appear

2. PHENOMENOLOGICAL REDUCTION
   └── Reduce to pure phenomena
   └── Describe structures of consciousness
   └── Eidetic variation: find essences

3. TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYSIS
   └── How consciousness constitutes objects
   └── Noesis (act) / Noema (content)
   └── Intentional structures

BEING AND TIME (Sein und Zeit)
══════════════════════════════

BEING-IN-THE-WORLD (In-der-Welt-sein)
├── We are always already in a world
├── Not subject vs. object
└── Holistic, engaged existence

THROWNNESS (Geworfenheit)
├── We find ourselves already in situations
├── Not chosen but given
└── Facticity of existence

PROJECTION (Entwurf)
├── We project possibilities
├── Future-oriented existence
└── Freedom within thrownness

FALLENNESS (Verfallenheit)
├── Absorption in "the They" (das Man)
├── Inauthenticity
└── Fleeing from oneself

ANXIETY (Angst)
├── Not fear of something specific
├── Confrontation with Being-toward-death
└── Reveals authentic existence

BEING-TOWARD-DEATH (Sein-zum-Tode)
├── Death as ownmost possibility
├── Cannot be transferred or avoided
└── Individualizes Dasein

CARE (Sorge)
├── Being-ahead-of-itself (future)
├── Already-being-in (past)
├── Being-alongside (present)
└── Unified structure of Dasein

SARTREAN EXISTENTIALISM
═══════════════════════

BEING-IN-ITSELF (En-soi)
├── Non-conscious being
├── Solid, complete, identical with itself
└── "Is what it is"

BEING-FOR-ITSELF (Pour-soi)
├── Conscious being (human)
├── Always beyond itself
├── "Is what it is not, is not what it is"
└── Nothingness, lack, desire

BAD FAITH (Mauvaise foi)
├── Denying freedom
├── Pretending to be a thing
├── "I had no choice"
└── Self-deception

RADICAL FREEDOM
├── We are "condemned to be free"
├── No excuses: situation doesn't determine choice
├── Anguish: awareness of freedom
└── Responsibility: we choose for all humanity

THE LOOK (Le regard)
├── Being seen by another
├── Becomes object for another consciousness
├── Conflict: each wants to possess the other's freedom
└── "Hell is other people"