elasticsearch
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Original
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Translation
ChineseElasticsearch 集群管理
Elasticsearch 集群管理
概述
概述
Elasticsearch 索引管理、查询 DSL、集群运维等技能。
Elasticsearch 索引管理、查询 DSL、集群运维等技能。
集群管理
集群管理
集群状态
集群状态
bash
undefinedbash
undefined集群健康
集群健康
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty"
集群状态
集群状态
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/state?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/state?pretty"
集群统计
集群统计
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/stats?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/stats?pretty"
节点信息
节点信息
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes/stats?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes/stats?pretty"
分片分配
分片分配
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/shards?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/allocation?v"
undefinedcurl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/shards?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/allocation?v"
undefinedCat API
Cat API
bash
undefinedbash
undefined常用 cat 命令
常用 cat 命令
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/health?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/shards?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/segments?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/count?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/recovery?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/thread_pool?v"
undefinedcurl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/health?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/shards?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/segments?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/count?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/recovery?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/thread_pool?v"
undefined索引管理
索引管理
索引操作
索引操作
bash
undefinedbash
undefined创建索引
创建索引
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 1
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"title": { "type": "text" },
"content": { "type": "text" },
"timestamp": { "type": "date" },
"status": { "type": "keyword" }
}
}
}'
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 1
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"title": { "type": "text" },
"content": { "type": "text" },
"timestamp": { "type": "date" },
"status": { "type": "keyword" }
}
}
}'
删除索引
删除索引
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/my_index"
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/my_index"
查看索引
查看索引
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_mapping?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_mapping?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings?pretty"
索引别名
索引别名
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_aliases" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"actions": [
{ "add": { "index": "my_index_v2", "alias": "my_index" } },
{ "remove": { "index": "my_index_v1", "alias": "my_index" } }
]
}'
undefinedcurl -X POST "localhost:9200/_aliases" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"actions": [
{ "add": { "index": "my_index_v2", "alias": "my_index" } },
{ "remove": { "index": "my_index_v1", "alias": "my_index" } }
]
}'
undefined索引设置
索引设置
bash
undefinedbash
undefined修改设置
修改设置
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"index": {
"number_of_replicas": 2
}
}'
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"index": {
"number_of_replicas": 2
}
}'
关闭/打开索引
关闭/打开索引
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_close"
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_open"
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_close"
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_open"
刷新索引
刷新索引
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_refresh"
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_refresh"
强制合并
强制合并
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_forcemerge?max_num_segments=1"
undefinedcurl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_forcemerge?max_num_segments=1"
undefined文档操作
文档操作
CRUD
CRUD
bash
undefinedbash
undefined创建文档
创建文档
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"title": "Hello World",
"content": "This is a test document",
"timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:00:00"
}'
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"title": "Hello World",
"content": "This is a test document",
"timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:00:00"
}'
指定 ID 创建
指定 ID 创建
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"title": "Document 1"
}'
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"title": "Document 1"
}'
获取文档
获取文档
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1?pretty"
更新文档
更新文档
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_update/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"doc": {
"title": "Updated Title"
}
}'
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_update/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"doc": {
"title": "Updated Title"
}
}'
删除文档
删除文档
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1"
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1"
批量操作
批量操作
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_bulk" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"index":{"_index":"my_index","_id":"1"}}
{"title":"Doc 1"}
{"index":{"_index":"my_index","_id":"2"}}
{"title":"Doc 2"}
'
undefinedcurl -X POST "localhost:9200/_bulk" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"index":{"_index":"my_index","_id":"1"}}
{"title":"Doc 1"}
{"index":{"_index":"my_index","_id":"2"}}
{"title":"Doc 2"}
'
undefined查询 DSL
查询 DSL
基础查询
基础查询
bash
undefinedbash
undefined匹配所有
匹配所有
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": { "match_all": {} }
}'
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": { "match_all": {} }
}'
全文搜索
全文搜索
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"match": {
"content": "search text"
}
}
}'
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"match": {
"content": "search text"
}
}
}'
精确匹配
精确匹配
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"term": {
"status": "published"
}
}
}'
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"term": {
"status": "published"
}
}
}'
范围查询
范围查询
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"range": {
"timestamp": {
"gte": "2024-01-01",
"lte": "2024-01-31"
}
}
}
}'
undefinedcurl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"range": {
"timestamp": {
"gte": "2024-01-01",
"lte": "2024-01-31"
}
}
}
}'
undefined复合查询
复合查询
bash
undefinedbash
undefinedBool 查询
Bool 查询
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "title": "elasticsearch" } }
],
"filter": [
{ "term": { "status": "published" } },
{ "range": { "timestamp": { "gte": "2024-01-01" } } }
],
"should": [
{ "match": { "content": "tutorial" } }
],
"must_not": [
{ "term": { "status": "draft" } }
]
}
}
}'
undefinedcurl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "title": "elasticsearch" } }
],
"filter": [
{ "term": { "status": "published" } },
{ "range": { "timestamp": { "gte": "2024-01-01" } } }
],
"should": [
{ "match": { "content": "tutorial" } }
],
"must_not": [
{ "term": { "status": "draft" } }
]
}
}
}'
undefined聚合查询
聚合查询
bash
undefinedbash
undefined聚合
聚合
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"status_count": {
"terms": { "field": "status" }
},
"avg_score": {
"avg": { "field": "score" }
},
"date_histogram": {
"date_histogram": {
"field": "timestamp",
"calendar_interval": "day"
}
}
}
}'
undefinedcurl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"status_count": {
"terms": { "field": "status" }
},
"avg_score": {
"avg": { "field": "score" }
},
"date_histogram": {
"date_histogram": {
"field": "timestamp",
"calendar_interval": "day"
}
}
}
}'
undefined备份与恢复
备份与恢复
bash
undefinedbash
undefined注册快照仓库
注册快照仓库
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"type": "fs",
"settings": {
"location": "/backup/elasticsearch"
}
}'
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"type": "fs",
"settings": {
"location": "/backup/elasticsearch"
}
}'
创建快照
创建快照
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true"
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true"
查看快照
查看快照
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/_all?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/_all?pretty"
恢复快照
恢复快照
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1/restore" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"indices": "my_index",
"rename_pattern": "(.+)",
"rename_replacement": "restored$1"
}'
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1/restore" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"indices": "my_index",
"rename_pattern": "(.+)",
"rename_replacement": "restored$1"
}'
删除快照
删除快照
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1"
undefinedcurl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1"
undefined常见场景
常见场景
场景 1：重建索引
场景 1：重建索引
bash
undefinedbash
undefinedReindex
Reindex
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_reindex" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"source": { "index": "old_index" },
"dest": { "index": "new_index" }
}'
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_reindex" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"source": { "index": "old_index" },
"dest": { "index": "new_index" }
}'
带查询条件
带查询条件
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_reindex" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"source": {
"index": "old_index",
"query": { "term": { "status": "active" } }
},
"dest": { "index": "new_index" }
}'
undefinedcurl -X POST "localhost:9200/_reindex" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"source": {
"index": "old_index",
"query": { "term": { "status": "active" } }
},
"dest": { "index": "new_index" }
}'
undefined场景 2：分片迁移
场景 2：分片迁移
bash
undefinedbash
undefined排除节点
排除节点
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"transient": {
"cluster.routing.allocation.exclude._name": "node_to_remove"
}
}'
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"transient": {
"cluster.routing.allocation.exclude._name": "node_to_remove"
}
}'
取消排除
取消排除
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"transient": {
"cluster.routing.allocation.exclude._name": null
}
}'
undefinedcurl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"transient": {
"cluster.routing.allocation.exclude._name": null
}
}'
undefined场景 3：性能优化
场景 3：性能优化
bash
undefinedbash
undefined禁用刷新（批量导入时）
禁用刷新（批量导入时）
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"index": { "refresh_interval": "-1" }
}'
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"index": { "refresh_interval": "-1" }
}'
恢复刷新
恢复刷新
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"index": { "refresh_interval": "1s" }
}'
undefinedcurl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"index": { "refresh_interval": "1s" }
}'
undefined故障排查
故障排查
| 问题 | 排查方法 |
|---|---|
| 集群 RED | |
| 分片未分配 | |
| 查询慢 | |
| 磁盘满 | |
| 内存不足 | |
bash
undefined| 问题 | 排查方法 |
|---|---|
| 集群 RED | |
| 分片未分配 | |
| 查询慢 | |
| 磁盘满 | |
| 内存不足 | |
bash
undefined分片未分配原因
分片未分配原因
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/allocation/explain?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/allocation/explain?pretty"
热点线程
热点线程
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes/hot_threads"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes/hot_threads"
任务列表
任务列表
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_tasks?detailed=true&actions=*search"
undefinedcurl -X GET "localhost:9200/_tasks?detailed=true&actions=*search"
undefined