Deployment 管理

概述

Deployment 滚动更新、回滚、扩缩容等技能。

基础操作

查看 Deployment

bash

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列出 Deployment

kubectl get deployments kubectl get deploy -o wide kubectl get deploy -n namespace

详细信息

kubectl describe deploy deployment-name kubectl get deploy deployment-name -o yaml

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kubectl describe deploy deployment-name kubectl get deploy deployment-name -o yaml

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创建 Deployment

yaml

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yaml

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deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.20 ports: - containerPort: 80 resources: requests: memory: "64Mi" cpu: "100m" limits: memory: "128Mi" cpu: "200m"


```bash
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.20 --replicas=3

apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.20 ports: - containerPort: 80 resources: requests: memory: "64Mi" cpu: "100m" limits: memory: "128Mi" cpu: "200m"


```bash
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.20 --replicas=3

删除 Deployment

bash

kubectl delete deploy deployment-name
kubectl delete -f deployment.yaml

bash

kubectl delete deploy deployment-name
kubectl delete -f deployment.yaml

扩缩容

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手动扩缩容

kubectl scale deploy deployment-name --replicas=5

自动扩缩容 (HPA)

kubectl autoscale deploy deployment-name --min=2 --max=10 --cpu-percent=80

查看 HPA

kubectl get hpa kubectl describe hpa deployment-name

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kubectl get hpa kubectl describe hpa deployment-name

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HPA 配置

yaml

apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: nginx-hpa
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: nginx-deployment
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80

yaml

apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: nginx-hpa
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: nginx-deployment
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80

滚动更新

更新策略配置

yaml

spec:
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%           # 最多超出期望副本数
      maxUnavailable: 25%     # 最多不可用副本数

yaml

spec:
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%           # 最多超出期望副本数
      maxUnavailable: 25%     # 最多不可用副本数

执行更新

bash

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更新镜像

kubectl set image deploy/deployment-name container-name=nginx:1.21

更新环境变量

kubectl set env deploy/deployment-name ENV_VAR=value

更新资源限制

kubectl set resources deploy/deployment-name -c container-name --limits=cpu=200m,memory=256Mi

应用配置文件更新

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

记录更新原因

kubectl set image deploy/deployment-name container-name=nginx:1.21 --record

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kubectl set image deploy/deployment-name container-name=nginx:1.21 --record

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查看更新状态

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查看滚动更新状态

kubectl rollout status deploy/deployment-name

查看更新历史

kubectl rollout history deploy/deployment-name kubectl rollout history deploy/deployment-name --revision=2

暂停/恢复更新

kubectl rollout pause deploy/deployment-name kubectl rollout resume deploy/deployment-name

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kubectl rollout pause deploy/deployment-name kubectl rollout resume deploy/deployment-name

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回滚

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回滚到上一版本

kubectl rollout undo deploy/deployment-name

回滚到指定版本

kubectl rollout undo deploy/deployment-name --to-revision=2

查看回滚状态

kubectl rollout status deploy/deployment-name

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kubectl rollout status deploy/deployment-name

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高级配置

健康检查

yaml

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          periodSeconds: 10
          failureThreshold: 3
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
        startupProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /startup
            port: 8080
          failureThreshold: 30
          periodSeconds: 10

yaml

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          periodSeconds: 10
          failureThreshold: 3
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
        startupProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /startup
            port: 8080
          failureThreshold: 30
          periodSeconds: 10

亲和性配置

yaml

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      affinity:
        # Pod 反亲和（分散部署）
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchLabels:
                  app: nginx
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
        # 节点亲和
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: node-type
                operator: In
                values:
                - worker

yaml

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      affinity:
        # Pod 反亲和（分散部署）
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchLabels:
                  app: nginx
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
        # 节点亲和
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: node-type
                operator: In
                values:
                - worker

容忍度

yaml

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"

yaml

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"

常见场景

场景 1：蓝绿部署

bash

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创建新版本 Deployment

kubectl apply -f deployment-v2.yaml

切换 Service 到新版本

kubectl patch service my-service -p '{"spec":{"selector":{"version":"v2"}}}'

验证后删除旧版本

kubectl delete deploy deployment-v1

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kubectl delete deploy deployment-v1

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场景 2：金丝雀发布

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创建金丝雀 Deployment（少量副本）

apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-canary spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx track: canary template: metadata: labels: app: nginx track: canary spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.21

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apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-canary spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx track: canary template: metadata: labels: app: nginx track: canary spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.21

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场景 3：批量重启 Pod

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触发滚动重启

kubectl rollout restart deploy/deployment-name

或添加注解触发更新

kubectl patch deploy deployment-name -p '{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"annotations":{"date":"'$(date +%s)'"}}}}}'

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kubectl patch deploy deployment-name -p '{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"annotations":{"date":"'$(date +%s)'"}}}}}'

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场景 4：查看 Pod 分布

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查看 Pod 所在节点

kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -o wide

按节点统计

kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.spec.nodeName}{"\n"}{end}' | sort | uniq -c

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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.spec.nodeName}{"\n"}{end}' | sort | uniq -c

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故障排查

问题	排查方法
更新卡住	`kubectl rollout status` , 检查 Pod 状态
Pod 无法调度	`kubectl describe pod` , 检查资源和亲和性
更新后服务异常	检查健康检查配置、回滚
HPA 不生效	检查 metrics-server、资源配置

bash

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问题	排查方法
更新卡住	`kubectl rollout status` , 检查 Pod 状态
Pod 无法调度	`kubectl describe pod` , 检查资源和亲和性
更新后服务异常	检查健康检查配置、回滚
HPA 不生效	检查 metrics-server、资源配置

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查看 Deployment 事件

kubectl describe deploy deployment-name | grep -A 20 Events

查看 ReplicaSet

kubectl get rs -l app=nginx kubectl describe rs rs-name

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kubectl get rs -l app=nginx kubectl describe rs rs-name

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deployment

Original

Translation

Deployment 管理

Deployment 管理

概述

概述

基础操作

基础操作

查看 Deployment

查看 Deployment

列出 Deployment

列出 Deployment

详细信息

详细信息

创建 Deployment

创建 Deployment

deployment.yaml

deployment.yaml

删除 Deployment

删除 Deployment

扩缩容

扩缩容

手动扩缩容

手动扩缩容

自动扩缩容 (HPA)

自动扩缩容 (HPA)

查看 HPA

查看 HPA

HPA 配置

HPA 配置

滚动更新

滚动更新

更新策略配置

更新策略配置

执行更新

执行更新

更新镜像

更新镜像

更新环境变量

更新环境变量

更新资源限制

更新资源限制

应用配置文件更新

应用配置文件更新

记录更新原因

记录更新原因

查看更新状态

查看更新状态

查看滚动更新状态

查看滚动更新状态

查看更新历史

查看更新历史

暂停/恢复更新

暂停/恢复更新

回滚

回滚

回滚到上一版本

回滚到上一版本

回滚到指定版本

回滚到指定版本

查看回滚状态

查看回滚状态

高级配置

高级配置

健康检查

健康检查

亲和性配置

亲和性配置

容忍度

容忍度

常见场景

常见场景

场景 1：蓝绿部署

场景 1：蓝绿部署

创建新版本 Deployment

创建新版本 Deployment

切换 Service 到新版本

切换 Service 到新版本

验证后删除旧版本