ccxt-go

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CCXT for Go

A comprehensive guide to using CCXT in Go projects for cryptocurrency exchange integration.

一份关于在Go项目中使用CCXT集成加密货币交易所的综合指南。

Installation

安装

REST API

bash

go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4

bash

go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4

WebSocket API (ccxt.pro)

bash

go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro

bash

go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro

Quick Start

快速入门

REST API

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"
)

func main() {
    exchange := binance.New()
    markets, err := exchange.LoadMarkets()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(ticker)
}

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"
)

func main() {
    exchange := binance.New()
    markets, err := exchange.LoadMarkets()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(ticker)
}

WebSocket API - Real-time Updates

WebSocket API - 实时更新

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"
)

func main() {
    exchange := binance.New()
    defer exchange.Close()

    for {
        ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
        if err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
        fmt.Println(ticker.Last)  // Live updates!
    }
}

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"
)

func main() {
    exchange := binance.New()
    defer exchange.Close()

    for {
        ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
        if err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
        fmt.Println(ticker.Last)  // Live updates!
    }
}

REST vs WebSocket

REST与WebSocket对比

Feature	REST API	WebSocket API
Use for	One-time queries, placing orders	Real-time monitoring, live price feeds
Import	`github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/{exchange}`	`github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/{exchange}`
Methods	`Fetch*` (FetchTicker, FetchOrderBook)	`Watch*` (WatchTicker, WatchOrderBook)
Speed	Slower (HTTP request/response)	Faster (persistent connection)
Rate limits	Strict (1-2 req/sec)	More lenient (continuous stream)
Best for	Trading, account management	Price monitoring, arbitrage detection

Important: All methods return

(result, error)

- always check errors!

特性	REST API	WebSocket API
适用场景	一次性查询、下单	实时监控、实时价格推送
导入路径	`github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/{exchange}`	`github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/{exchange}`
方法前缀	`Fetch*` （如FetchTicker、FetchOrderBook）	`Watch*` （如WatchTicker、WatchOrderBook）
速度	较慢（HTTP请求/响应模式）	更快（持久连接）
速率限制	严格（1-2次请求/秒）	更宽松（持续流）
最佳用途	交易、账户管理	价格监控、套利检测

重要提示： 所有方法均返回

(result, error)

- 务必检查错误！

Creating Exchange Instance

创建交易所实例

REST API

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"

// Public API (no authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true  // Recommended!

// Private API (with authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"

// Public API (no authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true  // Recommended!

// Private API (with authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

WebSocket API

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

// Public WebSocket
exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

// Private WebSocket (with authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

// Public WebSocket
exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

// Private WebSocket (with authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

Common REST Operations

常见REST操作

Loading Markets

加载市场信息

// Load all available trading pairs
markets, err := exchange.LoadMarkets()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Access market information
btcMarket := exchange.Market("BTC/USDT")
fmt.Println(btcMarket.Limits.Amount.Min)  // Minimum order amount

// Load all available trading pairs
markets, err := exchange.LoadMarkets()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Access market information
btcMarket := exchange.Market("BTC/USDT")
fmt.Println(btcMarket.Limits.Amount.Min)  // Minimum order amount

Fetching Ticker

获取行情数据

// Single ticker
ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)      // Last price
fmt.Println(ticker.Bid)       // Best bid
fmt.Println(ticker.Ask)       // Best ask
fmt.Println(ticker.Volume)    // 24h volume

// Multiple tickers (if supported)
tickers, err := exchange.FetchTickers([]string{"BTC/USDT", "ETH/USDT"})

// Single ticker
ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)      // Last price
fmt.Println(ticker.Bid)       // Best bid
fmt.Println(ticker.Ask)       // Best ask
fmt.Println(ticker.Volume)    // 24h volume

// Multiple tickers (if supported)
tickers, err := exchange.FetchTickers([]string{"BTC/USDT", "ETH/USDT"})

Fetching Order Book

获取订单簿

// Full orderbook
orderbook, err := exchange.FetchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(orderbook.Bids[0])  // [price, amount]
fmt.Println(orderbook.Asks[0])  // [price, amount]

// Limited depth
limit := 5
orderbook, err := exchange.FetchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", &limit)

// Full orderbook
orderbook, err := exchange.FetchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(orderbook.Bids[0])  // [price, amount]
fmt.Println(orderbook.Asks[0])  // [price, amount]

// Limited depth
limit := 5
orderbook, err := exchange.FetchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", &limit)

Creating Orders

创建订单

Limit Order

限价单

// Buy limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateLimitBuyOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, 50000, nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(order.Id)

// Sell limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateLimitSellOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, 60000, nil)

// Generic limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "limit", "buy", 0.01, 50000, nil)

// Buy limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateLimitBuyOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, 50000, nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(order.Id)

// Sell limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateLimitSellOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, 60000, nil)

// Generic limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "limit", "buy", 0.01, 50000, nil)

Market Order

市价单

// Buy market order
order, err := exchange.CreateMarketBuyOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, nil)

// Sell market order
order, err := exchange.CreateMarketSellOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, nil)

// Generic market order
order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "market", "sell", 0.01, nil, nil)

// Buy market order
order, err := exchange.CreateMarketBuyOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, nil)

// Sell market order
order, err := exchange.CreateMarketSellOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, nil)

// Generic market order
order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "market", "sell", 0.01, nil, nil)

Fetching Balance

获取账户余额

balance, err := exchange.FetchBalance()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Free)   // Available balance
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Used)   // Balance in orders
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Total)  // Total balance

balance, err := exchange.FetchBalance()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Free)   // Available balance
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Used)   // Balance in orders
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Total)  // Total balance

Fetching Orders

获取订单信息

// Open orders
openOrders, err := exchange.FetchOpenOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Closed orders
closedOrders, err := exchange.FetchClosedOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// All orders (open + closed)
allOrders, err := exchange.FetchOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Single order by ID
order, err := exchange.FetchOrder(orderId, "BTC/USDT", nil)

// Open orders
openOrders, err := exchange.FetchOpenOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Closed orders
closedOrders, err := exchange.FetchClosedOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// All orders (open + closed)
allOrders, err := exchange.FetchOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Single order by ID
order, err := exchange.FetchOrder(orderId, "BTC/USDT", nil)

Fetching Trades

获取交易记录

// Recent public trades
limit := 10
trades, err := exchange.FetchTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, &limit, nil)

// Your trades (requires authentication)
myTrades, err := exchange.FetchMyTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Recent public trades
limit := 10
trades, err := exchange.FetchTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, &limit, nil)

// Your trades (requires authentication)
myTrades, err := exchange.FetchMyTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

Canceling Orders

取消订单

// Cancel single order
err := exchange.CancelOrder(orderId, "BTC/USDT", nil)

// Cancel all orders for a symbol
err := exchange.CancelAllOrders("BTC/USDT", nil)

// Cancel single order
err := exchange.CancelOrder(orderId, "BTC/USDT", nil)

// Cancel all orders for a symbol
err := exchange.CancelAllOrders("BTC/USDT", nil)

WebSocket Operations (Real-time)

WebSocket实时操作

Watching Ticker (Live Price Updates)

监控行情（实时价格更新）

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last, ticker.Timestamp)
}

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last, ticker.Timestamp)
}

Watching Order Book (Live Depth Updates)

监控订单簿（实时深度更新）

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    orderbook, err := exchange.WatchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Best bid:", orderbook.Bids[0])
    fmt.Println("Best ask:", orderbook.Asks[0])
}

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    orderbook, err := exchange.WatchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Best bid:", orderbook.Bids[0])
    fmt.Println("Best ask:", orderbook.Asks[0])
}

Watching Trades (Live Trade Stream)

监控交易（实时交易流）

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    trades, err := exchange.WatchTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for _, trade := range trades {
        fmt.Println(trade.Price, trade.Amount, trade.Side)
    }
}

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    trades, err := exchange.WatchTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for _, trade := range trades {
        fmt.Println(trade.Price, trade.Amount, trade.Side)
    }
}

Watching Your Orders (Live Order Updates)

监控个人订单（实时订单更新）

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    orders, err := exchange.WatchOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for _, order := range orders {
        fmt.Println(order.Id, order.Status, order.Filled)
    }
}

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    orders, err := exchange.WatchOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for _, order := range orders {
        fmt.Println(order.Id, order.Status, order.Filled)
    }
}

Watching Balance (Live Balance Updates)

监控账户余额（实时余额更新）

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    balance, err := exchange.WatchBalance()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("BTC:", balance["BTC"])
    fmt.Println("USDT:", balance["USDT"])
}

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    balance, err := exchange.WatchBalance()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("BTC:", balance["BTC"])
    fmt.Println("USDT:", balance["USDT"])
}

Complete Method Reference

完整方法参考

Market Data Methods

市场数据方法

Tickers & Prices

行情与价格

```
fetchTicker(symbol)
```
- Fetch ticker for one symbol
```
fetchTickers([symbols])
```
- Fetch multiple tickers at once
```
fetchBidsAsks([symbols])
```
- Fetch best bid/ask for multiple symbols
```
fetchLastPrices([symbols])
```
- Fetch last prices
```
fetchMarkPrices([symbols])
```
- Fetch mark prices (derivatives)

```
fetchTicker(symbol)
```
- 获取单个交易对的行情
```
fetchTickers([symbols])
```
- 批量获取多个交易对的行情
```
fetchBidsAsks([symbols])
```
- 获取多个交易对的最优买卖价
```
fetchLastPrices([symbols])
```
- 获取最新成交价
```
fetchMarkPrices([symbols])
```
- 获取标记价格（衍生品）

Order Books

订单簿

```
fetchOrderBook(symbol, limit)
```
- Fetch order book
```
fetchOrderBooks([symbols])
```
- Fetch multiple order books
```
fetchL2OrderBook(symbol)
```
- Fetch level 2 order book
```
fetchL3OrderBook(symbol)
```
- Fetch level 3 order book (if supported)

```
fetchOrderBook(symbol, limit)
```
- 获取订单簿
```
fetchOrderBooks([symbols])
```
- 批量获取多个订单簿
```
fetchL2OrderBook(symbol)
```
- 获取Level 2订单簿
```
fetchL3OrderBook(symbol)
```
- 获取Level 3订单簿（如支持）

Trades

交易记录

```
fetchTrades(symbol, since, limit)
```
- Fetch public trades
```
fetchMyTrades(symbol, since, limit)
```
- Fetch your trades (auth required)
```
fetchOrderTrades(orderId, symbol)
```
- Fetch trades for specific order

```
fetchTrades(symbol, since, limit)
```
- 获取公开交易记录
```
fetchMyTrades(symbol, since, limit)
```
- 获取个人交易记录（需身份验证）
```
fetchOrderTrades(orderId, symbol)
```
- 获取指定订单的交易记录

OHLCV (Candlesticks)

K线数据（蜡烛图）

fetchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- Fetch candlestick data

```
fetchIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
```
- Fetch index price OHLCV
```
fetchMarkOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
```
- Fetch mark price OHLCV

fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)

- Fetch premium index OHLCV

fetchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- 获取K线数据

```
fetchIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
```
- 获取指数价格K线数据
```
fetchMarkOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
```
- 获取标记价格K线数据

fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)

- 获取溢价指数K线数据

Account & Balance

账户与余额

```
fetchBalance()
```
- Fetch account balance (auth required)
```
fetchAccounts()
```
- Fetch sub-accounts
```
fetchLedger(code, since, limit)
```
- Fetch ledger history
```
fetchLedgerEntry(id, code)
```
- Fetch specific ledger entry
```
fetchTransactions(code, since, limit)
```
- Fetch transactions
```
fetchDeposits(code, since, limit)
```
- Fetch deposit history
```
fetchWithdrawals(code, since, limit)
```
- Fetch withdrawal history

fetchDepositsWithdrawals(code, since, limit)

- Fetch both deposits and withdrawals

```
fetchBalance()
```
- 获取账户余额（需身份验证）
```
fetchAccounts()
```
- 获取子账户信息
```
fetchLedger(code, since, limit)
```
- 获取账户流水
```
fetchLedgerEntry(id, code)
```
- 获取指定流水记录
```
fetchTransactions(code, since, limit)
```
- 获取交易记录
```
fetchDeposits(code, since, limit)
```
- 获取充值记录
```
fetchWithdrawals(code, since, limit)
```
- 获取提现记录

fetchDepositsWithdrawals(code, since, limit)

- 获取充值与提现记录

Trading Methods

交易方法

Creating Orders

创建订单

createOrder(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)

- Create order (generic)

createLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)

- Create limit order

```
createMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount)
```
- Create market order

createLimitBuyOrder(symbol, amount, price)

- Buy limit order

createLimitSellOrder(symbol, amount, price)

- Sell limit order

```
createMarketBuyOrder(symbol, amount)
```
- Buy market order
```
createMarketSellOrder(symbol, amount)
```
- Sell market order

createMarketBuyOrderWithCost(symbol, cost)

- Buy with specific cost

createStopLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price, stopPrice)

- Stop-limit order

createStopMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice)

- Stop-market order

createStopLossOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice)

- Stop-loss order

createTakeProfitOrder(symbol, side, amount, takeProfitPrice)

- Take-profit order

createTrailingAmountOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingAmount)

- Trailing stop

createTrailingPercentOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingPercent)

- Trailing stop %

createTriggerOrder(symbol, side, amount, triggerPrice)

- Trigger order

createPostOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)

- Post-only order

createReduceOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)

- Reduce-only order

```
createOrders([orders])
```
- Create multiple orders at once

createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss(symbol, type, side, amount, price, tpPrice, slPrice)

- OCO order

createOrder(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)

- 通用创建订单方法

createLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)

- 创建限价单

```
createMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount)
```
- 创建市价单

createLimitBuyOrder(symbol, amount, price)

- 创建买入限价单

createLimitSellOrder(symbol, amount, price)

- 创建卖出限价单

```
createMarketBuyOrder(symbol, amount)
```
- 创建买入市价单
```
createMarketSellOrder(symbol, amount)
```
- 创建卖出市价单

createMarketBuyOrderWithCost(symbol, cost)

- 按指定金额买入

createStopLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price, stopPrice)

- 创建止损限价单

createStopMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice)

- 创建止损市价单

createStopLossOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice)

- 创建止损单

createTakeProfitOrder(symbol, side, amount, takeProfitPrice)

- 创建止盈单

createTrailingAmountOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingAmount)

- 创建追踪止损单（固定金额）

createTrailingPercentOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingPercent)

- 创建追踪止损单（百分比）

createTriggerOrder(symbol, side, amount, triggerPrice)

- 创建触发单

createPostOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)

- 创建只做市单

createReduceOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)

- 创建只减仓单

```
createOrders([orders])
```
- 批量创建订单

createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss(symbol, type, side, amount, price, tpPrice, slPrice)

- 创建OCO订单（止盈止损单）

Managing Orders

订单管理

```
fetchOrder(orderId, symbol)
```
- Fetch single order
```
fetchOrders(symbol, since, limit)
```
- Fetch all orders
```
fetchOpenOrders(symbol, since, limit)
```
- Fetch open orders
```
fetchClosedOrders(symbol, since, limit)
```
- Fetch closed orders

fetchCanceledOrders(symbol, since, limit)

- Fetch canceled orders

```
fetchOpenOrder(orderId, symbol)
```
- Fetch specific open order
```
fetchOrdersByStatus(status, symbol)
```
- Fetch orders by status
```
cancelOrder(orderId, symbol)
```
- Cancel single order
```
cancelOrders([orderIds], symbol)
```
- Cancel multiple orders
```
cancelAllOrders(symbol)
```
- Cancel all orders for symbol

editOrder(orderId, symbol, type, side, amount, price)

- Modify order

```
fetchOrder(orderId, symbol)
```
- 获取单个订单信息
```
fetchOrders(symbol, since, limit)
```
- 获取所有订单
```
fetchOpenOrders(symbol, since, limit)
```
- 获取未成交订单
```
fetchClosedOrders(symbol, since, limit)
```
- 获取已成交订单

fetchCanceledOrders(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取已取消订单

```
fetchOpenOrder(orderId, symbol)
```
- 获取指定未成交订单
```
fetchOrdersByStatus(status, symbol)
```
- 按状态获取订单
```
cancelOrder(orderId, symbol)
```
- 取消单个订单
```
cancelOrders([orderIds], symbol)
```
- 批量取消订单
```
cancelAllOrders(symbol)
```
- 取消指定交易对的所有订单

editOrder(orderId, symbol, type, side, amount, price)

- 修改订单

Margin & Leverage

保证金与杠杆

```
fetchBorrowRate(code)
```
- Fetch borrow rate for margin
```
fetchBorrowRates([codes])
```
- Fetch multiple borrow rates

fetchBorrowRateHistory(code, since, limit)

- Historical borrow rates

```
fetchCrossBorrowRate(code)
```
- Cross margin borrow rate
```
fetchIsolatedBorrowRate(symbol, code)
```
- Isolated margin borrow rate
```
borrowMargin(code, amount, symbol)
```
- Borrow margin
```
repayMargin(code, amount, symbol)
```
- Repay margin
```
fetchLeverage(symbol)
```
- Fetch leverage
```
setLeverage(leverage, symbol)
```
- Set leverage
```
fetchLeverageTiers(symbols)
```
- Fetch leverage tiers
```
fetchMarketLeverageTiers(symbol)
```
- Leverage tiers for market
```
setMarginMode(marginMode, symbol)
```
- Set margin mode (cross/isolated)
```
fetchMarginMode(symbol)
```
- Fetch margin mode

```
fetchBorrowRate(code)
```
- 获取保证金借贷利率
```
fetchBorrowRates([codes])
```
- 批量获取多个币种的借贷利率

fetchBorrowRateHistory(code, since, limit)

- 获取借贷利率历史

```
fetchCrossBorrowRate(code)
```
- 获取全仓保证金借贷利率
```
fetchIsolatedBorrowRate(symbol, code)
```
- 获取逐仓保证金借贷利率
```
borrowMargin(code, amount, symbol)
```
- 借入保证金
```
repayMargin(code, amount, symbol)
```
- 偿还保证金
```
fetchLeverage(symbol)
```
- 获取杠杆倍数
```
setLeverage(leverage, symbol)
```
- 设置杠杆倍数
```
fetchLeverageTiers(symbols)
```
- 获取杠杆层级
```
fetchMarketLeverageTiers(symbol)
```
- 获取指定交易对的杠杆层级
```
setMarginMode(marginMode, symbol)
```
- 设置保证金模式（全仓/逐仓）
```
fetchMarginMode(symbol)
```
- 获取保证金模式

Derivatives & Futures

衍生品与期货

Positions

持仓

```
fetchPosition(symbol)
```
- Fetch single position
```
fetchPositions([symbols])
```
- Fetch all positions
```
fetchPositionsForSymbol(symbol)
```
- Fetch positions for symbol

fetchPositionHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- Position history

fetchPositionsHistory(symbols, since, limit)

- Multiple position history

```
fetchPositionMode(symbol)
```
- Fetch position mode (one-way/hedge)
```
setPositionMode(hedged, symbol)
```
- Set position mode
```
closePosition(symbol, side)
```
- Close position
```
closeAllPositions()
```
- Close all positions

```
fetchPosition(symbol)
```
- 获取单个持仓信息
```
fetchPositions([symbols])
```
- 获取所有持仓信息
```
fetchPositionsForSymbol(symbol)
```
- 获取指定交易对的持仓信息

fetchPositionHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取持仓历史

fetchPositionsHistory(symbols, since, limit)

- 批量获取持仓历史

```
fetchPositionMode(symbol)
```
- 获取持仓模式（单向/双向）
```
setPositionMode(hedged, symbol)
```
- 设置持仓模式
```
closePosition(symbol, side)
```
- 平仓
```
closeAllPositions()
```
- 全部平仓

Funding & Settlement

资金费用与结算

```
fetchFundingRate(symbol)
```
- Current funding rate
```
fetchFundingRates([symbols])
```
- Multiple funding rates

fetchFundingRateHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- Funding rate history

fetchFundingHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- Your funding payments

```
fetchFundingInterval(symbol)
```
- Funding interval

fetchSettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- Settlement history

fetchMySettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- Your settlement history

```
fetchFundingRate(symbol)
```
- 获取当前资金费率
```
fetchFundingRates([symbols])
```
- 批量获取多个交易对的资金费率

fetchFundingRateHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取资金费率历史

fetchFundingHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取个人资金费用记录

```
fetchFundingInterval(symbol)
```
- 获取资金费用结算间隔

fetchSettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取结算历史

fetchMySettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取个人结算历史

Open Interest & Liquidations

持仓量与爆仓

```
fetchOpenInterest(symbol)
```
- Open interest for symbol
```
fetchOpenInterests([symbols])
```
- Multiple open interests

fetchOpenInterestHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- OI history

```
fetchLiquidations(symbol, since, limit)
```
- Public liquidations

fetchMyLiquidations(symbol, since, limit)

- Your liquidations

```
fetchOpenInterest(symbol)
```
- 获取指定交易对的持仓量
```
fetchOpenInterests([symbols])
```
- 批量获取多个交易对的持仓量

fetchOpenInterestHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- 获取持仓量历史

```
fetchLiquidations(symbol, since, limit)
```
- 获取公开爆仓记录

fetchMyLiquidations(symbol, since, limit)

- 获取个人爆仓记录

Options

期权

```
fetchOption(symbol)
```
- Fetch option info
```
fetchOptionChain(code)
```
- Fetch option chain
```
fetchGreeks(symbol)
```
- Fetch option greeks

fetchVolatilityHistory(code, since, limit)

- Volatility history

```
fetchUnderlyingAssets()
```
- Fetch underlying assets

```
fetchOption(symbol)
```
- 获取期权信息
```
fetchOptionChain(code)
```
- 获取期权链
```
fetchGreeks(symbol)
```
- 获取期权希腊值

fetchVolatilityHistory(code, since, limit)

- 获取波动率历史

```
fetchUnderlyingAssets()
```
- 获取标的资产

Fees & Limits

手续费与限制

```
fetchTradingFee(symbol)
```
- Trading fee for symbol
```
fetchTradingFees([symbols])
```
- Trading fees for multiple symbols
```
fetchTradingLimits([symbols])
```
- Trading limits
```
fetchTransactionFee(code)
```
- Transaction/withdrawal fee
```
fetchTransactionFees([codes])
```
- Multiple transaction fees
```
fetchDepositWithdrawFee(code)
```
- Deposit/withdrawal fee
```
fetchDepositWithdrawFees([codes])
```
- Multiple deposit/withdraw fees

```
fetchTradingFee(symbol)
```
- 获取交易对的交易手续费
```
fetchTradingFees([symbols])
```
- 批量获取多个交易对的交易手续费
```
fetchTradingLimits([symbols])
```
- 获取交易限制
```
fetchTransactionFee(code)
```
- 获取转账/提现手续费
```
fetchTransactionFees([codes])
```
- 批量获取多个币种的转账/提现手续费
```
fetchDepositWithdrawFee(code)
```
- 获取充值/提现手续费
```
fetchDepositWithdrawFees([codes])
```
- 批量获取多个币种的充值/提现手续费

Deposits & Withdrawals

充值与提现

```
fetchDepositAddress(code, params)
```
- Get deposit address
```
fetchDepositAddresses([codes])
```
- Multiple deposit addresses
```
fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork(code)
```
- Addresses by network
```
createDepositAddress(code, params)
```
- Create new deposit address
```
fetchDeposit(id, code)
```
- Fetch single deposit
```
fetchWithdrawal(id, code)
```
- Fetch single withdrawal
```
fetchWithdrawAddresses(code)
```
- Fetch withdrawal addresses
```
fetchWithdrawalWhitelist(code)
```
- Fetch whitelist

withdraw(code, amount, address, tag, params)

- Withdraw funds

```
deposit(code, amount, params)
```
- Deposit funds (if supported)

```
fetchDepositAddress(code, params)
```
- 获取充值地址
```
fetchDepositAddresses([codes])
```
- 批量获取多个币种的充值地址
```
fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork(code)
```
- 获取指定币种各网络的充值地址
```
createDepositAddress(code, params)
```
- 创建新的充值地址
```
fetchDeposit(id, code)
```
- 获取单个充值记录
```
fetchWithdrawal(id, code)
```
- 获取单个提现记录
```
fetchWithdrawAddresses(code)
```
- 获取提现地址
```
fetchWithdrawalWhitelist(code)
```
- 获取提现白名单

withdraw(code, amount, address, tag, params)

- 提现

```
deposit(code, amount, params)
```
- 充值（如支持）

Transfer & Convert

转账与兑换

transfer(code, amount, fromAccount, toAccount)

- Internal transfer

```
fetchTransfer(id, code)
```
- Fetch transfer info
```
fetchTransfers(code, since, limit)
```
- Fetch transfer history
```
fetchConvertCurrencies()
```
- Currencies available for convert

fetchConvertQuote(fromCode, toCode, amount)

- Get conversion quote

createConvertTrade(fromCode, toCode, amount)

- Execute conversion

```
fetchConvertTrade(id)
```
- Fetch convert trade

fetchConvertTradeHistory(code, since, limit)

- Convert history

transfer(code, amount, fromAccount, toAccount)

- 内部转账

```
fetchTransfer(id, code)
```
- 获取转账信息
```
fetchTransfers(code, since, limit)
```
- 获取转账历史
```
fetchConvertCurrencies()
```
- 获取支持兑换的币种

fetchConvertQuote(fromCode, toCode, amount)

- 获取兑换报价

createConvertTrade(fromCode, toCode, amount)

- 执行兑换

```
fetchConvertTrade(id)
```
- 获取兑换交易记录

fetchConvertTradeHistory(code, since, limit)

- 获取兑换历史

Market Info

市场信息

```
fetchMarkets()
```
- Fetch all markets
```
fetchCurrencies()
```
- Fetch all currencies
```
fetchTime()
```
- Fetch exchange server time
```
fetchStatus()
```
- Fetch exchange status

fetchBorrowInterest(code, symbol, since, limit)

- Borrow interest paid

fetchLongShortRatio(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- Long/short ratio

fetchLongShortRatioHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- L/S ratio history

```
fetchMarkets()
```
- 获取所有交易市场
```
fetchCurrencies()
```
- 获取所有币种
```
fetchTime()
```
- 获取交易所服务器时间
```
fetchStatus()
```
- 获取交易所状态

fetchBorrowInterest(code, symbol, since, limit)

- 获取借贷利息记录

fetchLongShortRatio(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- 获取多空比

fetchLongShortRatioHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)

- 获取多空比历史

WebSocket Methods (ccxt.pro)

WebSocket方法（ccxt.pro）

All REST methods have WebSocket equivalents with

watch*

prefix:

所有REST方法都有对应的WebSocket版本，前缀为

watch*

Real-time Market Data

实时市场数据

```
watchTicker(symbol)
```
- Watch single ticker
```
watchTickers([symbols])
```
- Watch multiple tickers
```
watchOrderBook(symbol)
```
- Watch order book updates
```
watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbols])
```
- Watch multiple order books
```
watchTrades(symbol)
```
- Watch public trades
```
watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
```
- Watch candlestick updates
```
watchBidsAsks([symbols])
```
- Watch best bid/ask

```
watchTicker(symbol)
```
- 监控单个交易对行情
```
watchTickers([symbols])
```
- 批量监控多个交易对行情
```
watchOrderBook(symbol)
```
- 监控订单簿更新
```
watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbols])
```
- 批量监控多个订单簿
```
watchTrades(symbol)
```
- 监控公开交易记录
```
watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
```
- 监控K线更新
```
watchBidsAsks([symbols])
```
- 监控最优买卖价

Real-time Account Data (Auth Required)

实时账户数据（需身份验证）

```
watchBalance()
```
- Watch balance updates
```
watchOrders(symbol)
```
- Watch your order updates
```
watchMyTrades(symbol)
```
- Watch your trade updates
```
watchPositions([symbols])
```
- Watch position updates
```
watchPositionsForSymbol(symbol)
```
- Watch positions for symbol

```
watchBalance()
```
- 监控账户余额更新
```
watchOrders(symbol)
```
- 监控个人订单更新
```
watchMyTrades(symbol)
```
- 监控个人交易记录更新
```
watchPositions([symbols])
```
- 监控持仓更新
```
watchPositionsForSymbol(symbol)
```
- 监控指定交易对的持仓更新

Authentication Required

需要身份验证的方法

Methods marked with 🔒 require API credentials:

All
```
create*
```
methods (creating orders, addresses)
All
```
cancel*
```
methods (canceling orders)
All
```
edit*
```
methods (modifying orders)
All
```
fetchMy*
```
methods (your trades, orders)
```
fetchBalance
```
,
```
fetchLedger
```
,
```
fetchAccounts
```
```
withdraw
```
,
```
transfer
```
,
```
deposit
```
Margin/leverage methods
Position methods

watchBalance

watchOrders

watchMyTrades

watchPositions

标记有🔒的方法需要API凭证:

所有
```
create*
```
方法（创建订单、地址等）
所有
```
cancel*
```
方法（取消订单等）
所有
```
edit*
```
方法（修改订单等）
所有
```
fetchMy*
```
方法（个人交易、订单等）
```
fetchBalance
```
,
```
fetchLedger
```
,
```
fetchAccounts
```
```
withdraw
```
,
```
transfer
```
,
```
deposit
```
保证金/杠杆相关方法
持仓相关方法

watchBalance

watchOrders

watchMyTrades

watchPositions

Checking Method Availability

检查方法可用性

Not all exchanges support all methods. Check before using:

// Check if method is supported
if (exchange.has['fetchOHLCV']) {
    const candles = await exchange.fetchOHLCV('BTC/USDT', '1h')
}

// Check multiple capabilities
console.log(exchange.has)
// {
//   fetchTicker: true,
//   fetchOHLCV: true,
//   fetchMyTrades: true,
//   fetchPositions: false,
//   ...
// }

并非所有交易所都支持所有方法，使用前请检查:

// Check if method is supported
if (exchange.has['fetchOHLCV']) {
    const candles = await exchange.fetchOHLCV('BTC/USDT', '1h')
}

// Check multiple capabilities
console.log(exchange.has)
// {
//   fetchTicker: true,
//   fetchOHLCV: true,
//   fetchMyTrades: true,
//   fetchPositions: false,
//   ...
// }

Method Naming Convention

方法命名规范

```
fetch*
```
- REST API methods (HTTP requests)
```
watch*
```
- WebSocket methods (real-time streams)
```
create*
```
- Create new resources (orders, addresses)
```
cancel*
```
- Cancel existing resources
```
edit*
```
- Modify existing resources
```
set*
```
- Configure settings (leverage, margin mode)
```
*Ws
```
suffix - WebSocket variant (some exchanges)

```
fetch*
```
- REST API方法（HTTP请求）
```
watch*
```
- WebSocket方法（实时流）
```
create*
```
- 创建新资源（订单、地址等）
```
cancel*
```
- 取消现有资源
```
edit*
```
- 修改现有资源
```
set*
```
- 配置设置（杠杆、保证金模式等）
```
*Ws
```
后缀 - WebSocket变体（部分交易所）

Proxy Configuration

代理配置

CCXT supports HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS proxies for both REST and WebSocket connections.

CCXT支持HTTP、HTTPS和SOCKS代理，适用于REST和WebSocket连接。

Setting Proxy

设置代理

// HTTP Proxy
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://your-proxy-host:port'

// HTTPS Proxy  
exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://your-proxy-host:port'

// SOCKS Proxy
exchange.socksProxy = 'socks://your-proxy-host:port'

// Proxy with authentication
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://user:pass@proxy-host:port'

// HTTP Proxy
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://your-proxy-host:port'

// HTTPS Proxy  
exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://your-proxy-host:port'

// SOCKS Proxy
exchange.socksProxy = 'socks://your-proxy-host:port'

// Proxy with authentication
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://user:pass@proxy-host:port'

Proxy for WebSocket

WebSocket代理

WebSocket connections also respect proxy settings:

exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://proxy:8080'
// WebSocket connections will use this proxy

WebSocket连接同样遵循代理设置:

exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://proxy:8080'
// WebSocket connections will use this proxy

Testing Proxy Connection

测试代理连接

exchange.httpProxy = 'http://localhost:8080'
try {
    await exchange.fetchTicker('BTC/USDT')
    console.log('Proxy working!')
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Proxy connection failed:', error)
}

exchange.httpProxy = 'http://localhost:8080'
try {
    await exchange.fetchTicker('BTC/USDT')
    console.log('Proxy working!')
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Proxy connection failed:', error)
}

WebSocket-Specific Methods

WebSocket专属方法

Some exchanges provide WebSocket variants of REST methods for faster order placement and management. These use the

*Ws

suffix:

部分交易所提供REST方法的WebSocket变体，用于更快地下单和管理订单，这些方法使用

*Ws

后缀:

Trading via WebSocket

WebSocket交易

Creating Orders:

```
createOrderWs
```
- Create order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
```
createLimitOrderWs
```
- Create limit order via WebSocket
```
createMarketOrderWs
```
- Create market order via WebSocket
```
createLimitBuyOrderWs
```
- Buy limit order via WebSocket
```
createLimitSellOrderWs
```
- Sell limit order via WebSocket
```
createMarketBuyOrderWs
```
- Buy market order via WebSocket
```
createMarketSellOrderWs
```
- Sell market order via WebSocket
```
createStopLimitOrderWs
```
- Stop-limit order via WebSocket
```
createStopMarketOrderWs
```
- Stop-market order via WebSocket
```
createStopLossOrderWs
```
- Stop-loss order via WebSocket
```
createTakeProfitOrderWs
```
- Take-profit order via WebSocket
```
createTrailingAmountOrderWs
```
- Trailing stop via WebSocket
```
createTrailingPercentOrderWs
```
- Trailing stop % via WebSocket
```
createPostOnlyOrderWs
```
- Post-only order via WebSocket
```
createReduceOnlyOrderWs
```
- Reduce-only order via WebSocket

Managing Orders:

```
editOrderWs
```
- Edit order via WebSocket
```
cancelOrderWs
```
- Cancel order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
```
cancelOrdersWs
```
- Cancel multiple orders via WebSocket
```
cancelAllOrdersWs
```
- Cancel all orders via WebSocket

Fetching Data:

```
fetchOrderWs
```
- Fetch order via WebSocket
```
fetchOrdersWs
```
- Fetch orders via WebSocket
```
fetchOpenOrdersWs
```
- Fetch open orders via WebSocket
```
fetchClosedOrdersWs
```
- Fetch closed orders via WebSocket
```
fetchMyTradesWs
```
- Fetch your trades via WebSocket
```
fetchBalanceWs
```
- Fetch balance via WebSocket
```
fetchPositionWs
```
- Fetch position via WebSocket
```
fetchPositionsWs
```
- Fetch positions via WebSocket
```
fetchPositionsForSymbolWs
```
- Fetch positions for symbol via WebSocket
```
fetchTradingFeesWs
```
- Fetch trading fees via WebSocket

创建订单:

```
createOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建订单（比REST更快）
```
createLimitOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建限价单
```
createMarketOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建市价单
```
createLimitBuyOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建买入限价单
```
createLimitSellOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建卖出限价单
```
createMarketBuyOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建买入市价单
```
createMarketSellOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建卖出市价单
```
createStopLimitOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建止损限价单
```
createStopMarketOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建止损市价单
```
createStopLossOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建止损单
```
createTakeProfitOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建止盈单
```
createTrailingAmountOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建追踪止损单（固定金额）
```
createTrailingPercentOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建追踪止损单（百分比）
```
createPostOnlyOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建只做市单
```
createReduceOnlyOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket创建只减仓单

订单管理:

```
editOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket修改订单
```
cancelOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket取消订单（比REST更快）
```
cancelOrdersWs
```
- 通过WebSocket批量取消订单
```
cancelAllOrdersWs
```
- 通过WebSocket取消所有订单

数据获取:

```
fetchOrderWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取订单信息
```
fetchOrdersWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取订单
```
fetchOpenOrdersWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取未成交订单
```
fetchClosedOrdersWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取已成交订单
```
fetchMyTradesWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取个人交易记录
```
fetchBalanceWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取账户余额
```
fetchPositionWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取持仓信息
```
fetchPositionsWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取所有持仓信息
```
fetchPositionsForSymbolWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取指定交易对的持仓信息
```
fetchTradingFeesWs
```
- 通过WebSocket获取交易手续费

When to Use WebSocket Methods

何时使用WebSocket方法

Use
*Ws
methods when:

You need faster order placement (lower latency)
You're already connected via WebSocket
You want to reduce REST API rate limit usage
Trading strategies require sub-100ms latency

Use REST methods when:

You need guaranteed execution confirmation
You're making one-off requests
The exchange doesn't support the WebSocket variant
You need detailed error responses

使用
*Ws
方法的场景:

需要更快的下单速度（更低延迟）
已通过WebSocket建立连接
希望减少REST API的速率限制消耗
交易策略要求延迟低于100毫秒

使用REST方法的场景:

需要确保执行确认
仅进行一次性请求
交易所不支持对应的WebSocket变体
需要详细的错误响应

Example: Order Placement Comparison

示例：下单方式对比

REST API (slower, more reliable):

const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

WebSocket API (faster, lower latency):

const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

REST API（较慢，更可靠）:

const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

WebSocket API（更快，更低延迟）:

const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

Checking WebSocket Method Availability

检查WebSocket方法可用性

Not all exchanges support WebSocket trading methods:

if (exchange.has['createOrderWs']) {
    // Exchange supports WebSocket order creation
    const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
} else {
    // Fall back to REST
    const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
}

并非所有交易所都支持WebSocket交易方法:

if (exchange.has['createOrderWs']) {
    // Exchange supports WebSocket order creation
    const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
} else {
    // Fall back to REST
    const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
}

Authentication

身份验证

Setting API Keys

设置API密钥

import "os"

// During instantiation
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = os.Getenv("BINANCE_API_KEY")
exchange.Secret = os.Getenv("BINANCE_SECRET")
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

import "os"

// During instantiation
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = os.Getenv("BINANCE_API_KEY")
exchange.Secret = os.Getenv("BINANCE_SECRET")
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

Testing Authentication

测试身份验证

balance, err := exchange.FetchBalance()
if err != nil {
    if _, ok := err.(*ccxt.AuthenticationError); ok {
        fmt.Println("Invalid API credentials")
    } else {
        panic(err)
    }
} else {
    fmt.Println("Authentication successful!")
}

balance, err := exchange.FetchBalance()
if err != nil {
    if _, ok := err.(*ccxt.AuthenticationError); ok {
        fmt.Println("Invalid API credentials")
    } else {
        panic(err)
    }
} else {
    fmt.Println("Authentication successful!")
}

Error Handling

错误处理

Error Types

错误类型

BaseError
├─ NetworkError (recoverable - retry)
│  ├─ RequestTimeout
│  ├─ ExchangeNotAvailable
│  ├─ RateLimitExceeded
│  └─ DDoSProtection
└─ ExchangeError (non-recoverable - don't retry)
   ├─ AuthenticationError
   ├─ InsufficientFunds
   ├─ InvalidOrder
   └─ NotSupported

BaseError
├─ NetworkError (recoverable - retry)
│  ├─ RequestTimeout
│  ├─ ExchangeNotAvailable
│  ├─ RateLimitExceeded
│  └─ DDoSProtection
└─ ExchangeError (non-recoverable - don't retry)
   ├─ AuthenticationError
   ├─ InsufficientFunds
   ├─ InvalidOrder
   └─ NotSupported

Basic Error Handling

基础错误处理

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/ccxt"

ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    switch e := err.(type) {
    case *ccxt.NetworkError:
        fmt.Println("Network error - retry:", e.Message)
    case *ccxt.ExchangeError:
        fmt.Println("Exchange error - do not retry:", e.Message)
    default:
        fmt.Println("Unknown error:", err)
    }
}

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/ccxt"

ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    switch e := err.(type) {
    case *ccxt.NetworkError:
        fmt.Println("Network error - retry:", e.Message)
    case *ccxt.ExchangeError:
        fmt.Println("Exchange error - do not retry:", e.Message)
    default:
        fmt.Println("Unknown error:", err)
    }
}

Specific Error Handling

特定错误处理

order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "limit", "buy", 0.01, 50000, nil)
if err != nil {
    switch err.(type) {
    case *ccxt.InsufficientFunds:
        fmt.Println("Not enough balance")
    case *ccxt.InvalidOrder:
        fmt.Println("Invalid order parameters")
    case *ccxt.RateLimitExceeded:
        fmt.Println("Rate limit hit - wait before retrying")
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
    case *ccxt.AuthenticationError:
        fmt.Println("Check your API credentials")
    default:
        panic(err)
    }
}

order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "limit", "buy", 0.01, 50000, nil)
if err != nil {
    switch err.(type) {
    case *ccxt.InsufficientFunds:
        fmt.Println("Not enough balance")
    case *ccxt.InvalidOrder:
        fmt.Println("Invalid order parameters")
    case *ccxt.RateLimitExceeded:
        fmt.Println("Rate limit hit - wait before retrying")
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
    case *ccxt.AuthenticationError:
        fmt.Println("Check your API credentials")
    default:
        panic(err)
    }
}

Retry Logic for Network Errors

网络错误重试逻辑

import "time"

func fetchWithRetry(exchange *binance.Exchange, maxRetries int) (*ccxt.Ticker, error) {
    for i := 0; i < maxRetries; i++ {
        ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
        if err == nil {
            return ticker, nil
        }

        if _, ok := err.(*ccxt.NetworkError); ok && i < maxRetries-1 {
            fmt.Printf("Retry %d/%d\n", i+1, maxRetries)
            time.Sleep(time.Duration(i+1) * time.Second)  // Exponential backoff
        } else {
            return nil, err
        }
    }
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("all retries failed")
}

import "time"

func fetchWithRetry(exchange *binance.Exchange, maxRetries int) (*ccxt.Ticker, error) {
    for i := 0; i < maxRetries; i++ {
        ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
        if err == nil {
            return ticker, nil
        }

        if _, ok := err.(*ccxt.NetworkError); ok && i < maxRetries-1 {
            fmt.Printf("Retry %d/%d\n", i+1, maxRetries)
            time.Sleep(time.Duration(i+1) * time.Second)  // Exponential backoff
        } else {
            return nil, err
        }
    }
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("all retries failed")
}

Rate Limiting

速率限制

Built-in Rate Limiter (Recommended)

内置速率限制器（推荐）

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true  // Automatically throttles requests

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true  // Automatically throttles requests

Manual Delays

手动延迟

import "time"

exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
time.Sleep(time.Duration(exchange.RateLimit) * time.Millisecond)
exchange.FetchTicker("ETH/USDT")

import "time"

exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
time.Sleep(time.Duration(exchange.RateLimit) * time.Millisecond)
exchange.FetchTicker("ETH/USDT")

Checking Rate Limit

检查速率限制

fmt.Println(exchange.RateLimit)  // Milliseconds between requests

fmt.Println(exchange.RateLimit)  // Milliseconds between requests

Common Pitfalls

常见陷阱

Not Checking Error Returns

未检查错误返回

// Wrong - ignores errors
ticker, _ := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)  // May panic if ticker is nil!

// Correct - check errors
ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)

// Wrong - ignores errors
ticker, _ := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)  // May panic if ticker is nil!

// Correct - check errors
ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)

Wrong Import Path

错误的导入路径

// Wrong - missing /v4
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/binance"  // ERROR!

// Correct - must include /v4
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"

// Correct - WebSocket with /v4/pro
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

// Wrong - missing /v4
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/binance"  // ERROR!

// Correct - must include /v4
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"

// Correct - WebSocket with /v4/pro
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

Using REST for Real-time Monitoring

使用REST进行实时监控

// Wrong - wastes rate limits
for {
    ticker, _ := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")  // REST
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}

// Correct - use WebSocket
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")  // WebSocket
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
}

// Wrong - wastes rate limits
for {
    ticker, _ := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")  // REST
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}

// Correct - use WebSocket
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")  // WebSocket
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
}

Not Closing WebSocket Connections

未关闭WebSocket连接

// Wrong - memory leak
exchange := binance.New()
ticker, _ := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
// Forgot to close!

// Correct - always defer Close()
exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        break
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
}

// Wrong - memory leak
exchange := binance.New()
ticker, _ := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
// Forgot to close!

// Correct - always defer Close()
exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        break
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
}

Incorrect Symbol Format

错误的交易对格式

// Wrong symbol formats
"BTCUSDT"    // Wrong - no separator
"BTC-USDT"   // Wrong - dash separator
"btc/usdt"   // Wrong - lowercase

// Correct symbol format
"BTC/USDT"   // Unified CCXT format

// Wrong symbol formats
"BTCUSDT"    // Wrong - no separator
"BTC-USDT"   // Wrong - dash separator
"btc/usdt"   // Wrong - lowercase

// Correct symbol format
"BTC/USDT"   // Unified CCXT format

Troubleshooting

故障排查

Common Issues

常见问题

1. "package github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance: cannot find package"

Solution: Run
```
go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4
```

2. "RateLimitExceeded"

Solution: Set
```
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true
```

3. "AuthenticationError"

Solution: Check API key and secret
Verify API key permissions on exchange
Check system clock is synced

4. "InvalidNonce"

Solution: Sync system clock
Use only one exchange instance per API key

5. "InsufficientFunds"

Solution: Check available balance (
```
balance["BTC"].Free
```
)
Account for trading fees

6. "ExchangeNotAvailable"

Solution: Check exchange status/maintenance
Retry after a delay

1. "package github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance: cannot find package"

解决方案：执行
```
go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4
```

2. "RateLimitExceeded"

解决方案：设置
```
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true
```

3. "AuthenticationError"

解决方案：检查API密钥和密钥
验证API密钥在交易所的权限
检查系统时钟是否同步

4. "InvalidNonce"

解决方案：同步系统时钟
每个API密钥仅使用一个交易所实例

5. "InsufficientFunds"

解决方案：检查可用余额（
```
balance["BTC"].Free
```
）
考虑交易手续费

6. "ExchangeNotAvailable"

解决方案：检查交易所状态/维护情况
延迟后重试

Debugging

调试

// Enable verbose logging
exchange.Verbose = true

// Check exchange capabilities
fmt.Println(exchange.Has)
// map[string]bool{
//   "fetchTicker": true,
//   "fetchOrderBook": true,
//   "createOrder": true,
//   ...
// }

// Check market information
market := exchange.Markets["BTC/USDT"]
fmt.Println(market)

// Check last request/response
fmt.Println(exchange.LastHttpResponse)
fmt.Println(exchange.LastJsonResponse)

// Enable verbose logging
exchange.Verbose = true

// Check exchange capabilities
fmt.Println(exchange.Has)
// map[string]bool{
//   "fetchTicker": true,
//   "fetchOrderBook": true,
//   "createOrder": true,
//   ...
// }

// Check market information
market := exchange.Markets["BTC/USDT"]
fmt.Println(market)

// Check last request/response
fmt.Println(exchange.LastHttpResponse)
fmt.Println(exchange.LastJsonResponse)