postfx-bloom

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Post-Processing Bloom

后处理光晕（Bloom）效果

Bloom effects using UnrealBloomPass for luminance-based glow and selective object bloom.

使用UnrealBloomPass实现基于亮度的发光和对象选择性光晕效果。

Quick Start

快速开始

bash

npm install three @react-three/fiber @react-three/postprocessing

tsx

import { Canvas } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { EffectComposer, Bloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function Scene() {
  return (
    <Canvas>
      <mesh>
        <sphereGeometry args={[1, 32, 32]} />
        <meshStandardMaterial emissive="#00F5FF" emissiveIntensity={2} />
      </mesh>

      <EffectComposer>
        <Bloom
          luminanceThreshold={0.2}
          luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
          intensity={1.5}
        />
      </EffectComposer>
    </Canvas>
  );
}

bash

npm install three @react-three/fiber @react-three/postprocessing

tsx

import { Canvas } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { EffectComposer, Bloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function Scene() {
  return (
    <Canvas>
      <mesh>
        <sphereGeometry args={[1, 32, 32]} />
        <meshStandardMaterial emissive="#00F5FF" emissiveIntensity={2} />
      </mesh>

      <EffectComposer>
        <Bloom
          luminanceThreshold={0.2}
          luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
          intensity={1.5}
        />
      </EffectComposer>
    </Canvas>
  );
}

Core Concepts

核心概念

How Bloom Works

光晕效果的工作原理

Threshold — Pixels brighter than threshold are extracted
Blur — Extracted pixels are blurred in multiple passes
Composite — Blurred result is added back to original image

阈值 — 提取亮度超过阈值的像素
模糊 — 对提取的像素进行多轮模糊处理
合成 — 将模糊后的结果叠加回原始图像

Key Parameters

关键参数

Parameter	Range	Description
`luminanceThreshold`	0-1	Brightness cutoff for bloom (lower = more glow)
`luminanceSmoothing`	0-1	Softness of threshold transition
`intensity`	0-10	Bloom brightness multiplier
`radius`	0-1	Blur spread/size
`levels`	1-9	Blur quality/iterations

参数	范围	说明
`luminanceThreshold`	0-1	光晕的亮度 cutoff 值（值越低，发光范围越大）
`luminanceSmoothing`	0-1	阈值过渡的柔和度
`intensity`	0-10	光晕亮度的乘数
`radius`	0-1	模糊扩散范围/大小
`levels`	1-9	模糊质量/迭代次数

Patterns

实现模式

Cosmic Glow Effect

宇宙发光效果

tsx

import { EffectComposer, Bloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';
import { KernelSize } from 'postprocessing';

function CosmicBloom() {
  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.1}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
        intensity={2.5}
        radius={0.8}
        kernelSize={KernelSize.LARGE}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

tsx

import { EffectComposer, Bloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';
import { KernelSize } from 'postprocessing';

function CosmicBloom() {
  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.1}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
        intensity={2.5}
        radius={0.8}
        kernelSize={KernelSize.LARGE}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

Neon Cyberpunk Bloom

霓虹赛博朋克光晕

tsx

// High-contrast neon with sharp falloff
function NeonBloom() {
  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.4}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.2}
        intensity={3.0}
        radius={0.4}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

// Emissive material for neon objects
function NeonTube({ color = '#FF00FF' }) {
  return (
    <mesh>
      <cylinderGeometry args={[0.05, 0.05, 2]} />
      <meshStandardMaterial
        emissive={color}
        emissiveIntensity={4}
        toneMapped={false}
      />
    </mesh>
  );
}

tsx

// 高对比度霓虹，边缘锐利衰减
function NeonBloom() {
  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.4}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.2}
        intensity={3.0}
        radius={0.4}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

// 霓虹物体的自发光材质
function NeonTube({ color = '#FF00FF' }) {
  return (
    <mesh>
      <cylinderGeometry args={[0.05, 0.05, 2]} />
      <meshStandardMaterial
        emissive={color}
        emissiveIntensity={4}
        toneMapped={false}
      />
    </mesh>
  );
}

Selective Bloom with Layers

使用图层实现选择性光晕

tsx

import { useRef } from 'react';
import { useThree } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { EffectComposer, SelectiveBloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function SelectiveGlow() {
  const glowRef = useRef();

  return (
    <>
      {/* Non-blooming object */}
      <mesh position={[-2, 0, 0]}>
        <boxGeometry />
        <meshStandardMaterial color="#333" />
      </mesh>

      {/* Blooming object */}
      <mesh ref={glowRef} position={[2, 0, 0]}>
        <sphereGeometry args={[0.5, 32, 32]} />
        <meshStandardMaterial
          emissive="#00F5FF"
          emissiveIntensity={3}
        />
      </mesh>

      <EffectComposer>
        <SelectiveBloom
          selection={glowRef}
          luminanceThreshold={0.1}
          intensity={2}
          mipmapBlur
        />
      </EffectComposer>
    </>
  );
}

tsx

import { useRef } from 'react';
import { useThree } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { EffectComposer, SelectiveBloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function SelectiveGlow() {
  const glowRef = useRef();

  return (
    <>
      {/* 不发光的物体 */}
      <mesh position={[-2, 0, 0]}>
        <boxGeometry />
        <meshStandardMaterial color="#333" />
      </mesh>

      {/* 发光的物体 */}
      <mesh ref={glowRef} position={[2, 0, 0]}>
        <sphereGeometry args={[0.5, 32, 32]} />
        <meshStandardMaterial
          emissive="#00F5FF"
          emissiveIntensity={3}
        />
      </mesh>

      <EffectComposer>
        <SelectiveBloom
          selection={glowRef}
          luminanceThreshold={0.1}
          intensity={2}
          mipmapBlur
        />
      </EffectComposer>
    </>
  );
}

Multi-Selection Bloom

多物体选择光晕

tsx

import { Selection, Select, EffectComposer } from '@react-three/postprocessing';
import { SelectiveBloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function MultiSelectBloom() {
  return (
    <Selection>
      {/* Non-blooming */}
      <mesh position={[-2, 0, 0]}>
        <boxGeometry />
        <meshStandardMaterial color="#333" />
      </mesh>

      {/* Blooming objects wrapped in Select */}
      <Select enabled>
        <mesh position={[0, 0, 0]}>
          <sphereGeometry args={[0.5]} />
          <meshStandardMaterial emissive="#00F5FF" emissiveIntensity={2} />
        </mesh>
      </Select>

      <Select enabled>
        <mesh position={[2, 0, 0]}>
          <octahedronGeometry args={[0.5]} />
          <meshStandardMaterial emissive="#FF00FF" emissiveIntensity={2} />
        </mesh>
      </Select>

      <EffectComposer>
        <SelectiveBloom
          luminanceThreshold={0.1}
          intensity={1.5}
          mipmapBlur
        />
      </EffectComposer>
    </Selection>
  );
}

tsx

import { Selection, Select, EffectComposer } from '@react-three/postprocessing';
import { SelectiveBloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function MultiSelectBloom() {
  return (
    <Selection>
      {/* 不发光的物体 */}
      <mesh position={[-2, 0, 0]}>
        <boxGeometry />
        <meshStandardMaterial color="#333" />
      </mesh>

      {/* 包裹在Select组件中的发光物体 */}
      <Select enabled>
        <mesh position={[0, 0, 0]}>
          <sphereGeometry args={[0.5]} />
          <meshStandardMaterial emissive="#00F5FF" emissiveIntensity={2} />
        </mesh>
      </Select>

      <Select enabled>
        <mesh position={[2, 0, 0]}>
          <octahedronGeometry args={[0.5]} />
          <meshStandardMaterial emissive="#FF00FF" emissiveIntensity={2} />
        </mesh>
      </Select>

      <EffectComposer>
        <SelectiveBloom
          luminanceThreshold={0.1}
          intensity={1.5}
          mipmapBlur
        />
      </EffectComposer>
    </Selection>
  );
}

Animated Bloom Intensity

光晕强度动画

tsx

import { useRef } from 'react';
import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { EffectComposer, Bloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function PulsingBloom() {
  const bloomRef = useRef();

  useFrame(({ clock }) => {
    if (bloomRef.current) {
      const pulse = Math.sin(clock.elapsedTime * 2) * 0.5 + 1.5;
      bloomRef.current.intensity = pulse;
    }
  });

  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        ref={bloomRef}
        luminanceThreshold={0.2}
        intensity={1.5}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

tsx

import { useRef } from 'react';
import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { EffectComposer, Bloom } from '@react-three/postprocessing';

function PulsingBloom() {
  const bloomRef = useRef();

  useFrame(({ clock }) => {
    if (bloomRef.current) {
      const pulse = Math.sin(clock.elapsedTime * 2) * 0.5 + 1.5;
      bloomRef.current.intensity = pulse;
    }
  });

  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        ref={bloomRef}
        luminanceThreshold={0.2}
        intensity={1.5}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

Audio-Reactive Bloom

音频响应式光晕

tsx

function AudioReactiveBloom({ audioData }) {
  const bloomRef = useRef();

  useFrame(() => {
    if (bloomRef.current && audioData) {
      // Map bass frequency (0-255) to bloom intensity (1-4)
      const bassLevel = audioData[0] / 255;
      bloomRef.current.intensity = 1 + bassLevel * 3;

      // Map mid frequencies to threshold
      const midLevel = audioData[4] / 255;
      bloomRef.current.luminanceThreshold = 0.1 + (1 - midLevel) * 0.3;
    }
  });

  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        ref={bloomRef}
        luminanceThreshold={0.2}
        intensity={1.5}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

tsx

function AudioReactiveBloom({ audioData }) {
  const bloomRef = useRef();

  useFrame(() => {
    if (bloomRef.current && audioData) {
      // 将低音频率（0-255）映射到光晕强度（1-4）
      const bassLevel = audioData[0] / 255;
      bloomRef.current.intensity = 1 + bassLevel * 3;

      // 将中音频率映射到阈值
      const midLevel = audioData[4] / 255;
      bloomRef.current.luminanceThreshold = 0.1 + (1 - midLevel) * 0.3;
    }
  });

  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        ref={bloomRef}
        luminanceThreshold={0.2}
        intensity={1.5}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

Emissive Materials

自发光材质

Standard Emissive Setup

标准自发光设置

tsx

// For bloom to work, objects need emissive materials
function GlowingSphere({ color = '#00F5FF', intensity = 2 }) {
  return (
    <mesh>
      <sphereGeometry args={[1, 32, 32]} />
      <meshStandardMaterial
        color="#000"
        emissive={color}
        emissiveIntensity={intensity}
        toneMapped={false}  // Important: prevents HDR clamping
      />
    </mesh>
  );
}

tsx

// 要使光晕生效，物体需要使用自发光材质
function GlowingSphere({ color = '#00F5FF', intensity = 2 }) {
  return (
    <mesh>
      <sphereGeometry args={[1, 32, 32]} />
      <meshStandardMaterial
        color="#000"
        emissive={color}
        emissiveIntensity={intensity}
        toneMapped={false}  // 重要：避免HDR颜色被钳制
      />
    </mesh>
  );
}

Emissive with Texture

带纹理的自发光材质

tsx

import { useTexture } from '@react-three/drei';

function EmissiveTextured() {
  const emissiveMap = useTexture('/glow-pattern.png');

  return (
    <mesh>
      <planeGeometry args={[2, 2]} />
      <meshStandardMaterial
        emissiveMap={emissiveMap}
        emissive="#FFFFFF"
        emissiveIntensity={3}
        toneMapped={false}
      />
    </mesh>
  );
}

tsx

import { useTexture } from '@react-three/drei';

function EmissiveTextured() {
  const emissiveMap = useTexture('/glow-pattern.png');

  return (
    <mesh>
      <planeGeometry args={[2, 2]} />
      <meshStandardMaterial
        emissiveMap={emissiveMap}
        emissive="#FFFFFF"
        emissiveIntensity={3}
        toneMapped={false}
      />
    </mesh>
  );
}

Shader Material with Emissive

自定义着色器自发光材质

tsx

import { shaderMaterial } from '@react-three/drei';
import { extend } from '@react-three/fiber';

const GlowMaterial = shaderMaterial(
  { uTime: 0, uColor: [0, 0.96, 1], uIntensity: 2.0 },
  // Vertex shader
  `
    varying vec2 vUv;
    void main() {
      vUv = uv;
      gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    }
  `,
  // Fragment shader - outputs HDR values for bloom
  `
    uniform float uTime;
    uniform vec3 uColor;
    uniform float uIntensity;
    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {
      float pulse = sin(uTime * 2.0) * 0.3 + 0.7;
      vec3 glow = uColor * uIntensity * pulse;
      gl_FragColor = vec4(glow, 1.0);
    }
  `
);

extend({ GlowMaterial });

function PulsingGlowMesh() {
  const materialRef = useRef();

  useFrame(({ clock }) => {
    materialRef.current.uTime = clock.elapsedTime;
  });

  return (
    <mesh>
      <sphereGeometry args={[1, 32, 32]} />
      <glowMaterial ref={materialRef} toneMapped={false} />
    </mesh>
  );
}

tsx

import { shaderMaterial } from '@react-three/drei';
import { extend } from '@react-three/fiber';

const GlowMaterial = shaderMaterial(
  { uTime: 0, uColor: [0, 0.96, 1], uIntensity: 2.0 },
  // 顶点着色器
  `
    varying vec2 vUv;
    void main() {
      vUv = uv;
      gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    }
  `,
  // 片元着色器 - 输出HDR值以支持光晕效果
  `
    uniform float uTime;
    uniform vec3 uColor;
    uniform float uIntensity;
    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {
      float pulse = sin(uTime * 2.0) * 0.3 + 0.7;
      vec3 glow = uColor * uIntensity * pulse;
      gl_FragColor = vec4(glow, 1.0);
    }
  `
);

extend({ GlowMaterial });

function PulsingGlowMesh() {
  const materialRef = useRef();

  useFrame(({ clock }) => {
    materialRef.current.uTime = clock.elapsedTime;
  });

  return (
    <mesh>
      <sphereGeometry args={[1, 32, 32]} />
      <glowMaterial ref={materialRef} toneMapped={false} />
    </mesh>
  );
}

Performance Optimization

性能优化

Resolution Scaling

分辨率缩放

tsx

<EffectComposer
  multisampling={0}  // Disable MSAA for performance
>
  <Bloom
    luminanceThreshold={0.2}
    intensity={1.5}
    mipmapBlur        // More efficient blur method
    radius={0.8}
    levels={5}        // Reduce for performance (default: 8)
  />
</EffectComposer>

tsx

<EffectComposer
  multisampling={0}  // 关闭MSAA以提升性能
>
  <Bloom
    luminanceThreshold={0.2}
    intensity={1.5}
    mipmapBlur        // 更高效的模糊方式
    radius={0.8}
    levels={5}        // 减少迭代次数以提升性能（默认值：8）
  />
</EffectComposer>

Mobile-Optimized Bloom

移动端优化光晕

tsx

import { useDetectGPU } from '@react-three/drei';

function AdaptiveBloom() {
  const { tier } = useDetectGPU();

  const config = tier < 2
    ? { levels: 3, radius: 0.5, intensity: 1.0 }
    : { levels: 5, radius: 0.8, intensity: 1.5 };

  return (
    <EffectComposer multisampling={tier < 2 ? 0 : 4}>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.2}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
        mipmapBlur
        {...config}
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

tsx

import { useDetectGPU } from '@react-three/drei';

function AdaptiveBloom() {
  const { tier } = useDetectGPU();

  const config = tier < 2
    ? { levels: 3, radius: 0.5, intensity: 1.0 }
    : { levels: 5, radius: 0.8, intensity: 1.5 };

  return (
    <EffectComposer multisampling={tier < 2 ? 0 : 4}>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.2}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
        mipmapBlur
        {...config}
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

Temporal Collapse Theme

时空坍缩主题效果

Bloom configuration for the New Year countdown cosmic aesthetic:

tsx

// Cosmic void with cyan/magenta glow
function TemporalCollapseBloom() {
  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.15}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
        intensity={2.0}
        radius={0.85}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

// Color palette for emissive materials
const TEMPORAL_COLORS = {
  cyan: '#00F5FF',
  magenta: '#FF00FF',
  gold: '#FFD700',
  void: '#050508'
};

// Time digit with glow
function GlowingDigit({ digit, color = TEMPORAL_COLORS.cyan }) {
  return (
    <Text3D font="/fonts/cosmic.json" size={2} height={0.2}>
      {digit}
      <meshStandardMaterial
        color="#111"
        emissive={color}
        emissiveIntensity={3}
        toneMapped={false}
      />
    </Text3D>
  );
}

适用于新年倒计时宇宙美学风格的光晕配置：

tsx

// 带有青/品红发光的宇宙虚空效果
function TemporalCollapseBloom() {
  return (
    <EffectComposer>
      <Bloom
        luminanceThreshold={0.15}
        luminanceSmoothing={0.9}
        intensity={2.0}
        radius={0.85}
        mipmapBlur
      />
    </EffectComposer>
  );
}

// 自发光材质的调色板
const TEMPORAL_COLORS = {
  cyan: '#00F5FF',
  magenta: '#FF00FF',
  gold: '#FFD700',
  void: '#050508'
};

// 带发光效果的时间数字
function GlowingDigit({ digit, color = TEMPORAL_COLORS.cyan }) {
  return (
    <Text3D font="/fonts/cosmic.json" size={2} height={0.2}>
      {digit}
      <meshStandardMaterial
        color="#111"
        emissive={color}
        emissiveIntensity={3}
        toneMapped={false}
      />
    </Text3D>
  );
}

Troubleshooting

常见问题排查

Issue	Solution
No bloom visible	Ensure `emissiveIntensity > 1` and `toneMapped={false}`
Bloom too subtle	Lower `luminanceThreshold` , increase `intensity`
Performance issues	Reduce `levels` , enable `mipmapBlur` , disable multisampling
Selective bloom not working	Verify `ref` is passed and object has emissive material
Bloom bleeding everywhere	Raise `luminanceThreshold` to isolate bright areas

问题	解决方案
看不到光晕效果	确保 `emissiveIntensity > 1` 且设置了 `toneMapped={false}`
光晕效果太淡	降低 `luminanceThreshold` ，提高 `intensity`
性能问题	减少 `levels` ，启用 `mipmapBlur` ，关闭多重采样
选择性光晕不生效	确认已正确传递 `ref` ，且对象使用了自发光材质
光晕效果扩散到整个画面	提高 `luminanceThreshold` 以仅保留高亮区域

Reference

参考资料

See
```
postfx-composer
```
for EffectComposer setup patterns
See
```
postfx-effects
```
for combining bloom with other effects
See
```
shaders-glsl
```
for custom emissive shader techniques

查看
```
postfx-composer
```
了解EffectComposer的配置模式
查看
```
postfx-effects
```
了解光晕与其他特效的组合方式
查看
```
shaders-glsl
```
了解自定义自发光着色器的实现技巧