Database Backups

数据库备份

Implement comprehensive, automated database backup strategies with tested recovery procedures.

实施全面的自动化数据库备份策略，并搭配经过测试的恢复流程。

When to Use

适用场景

You are deploying a new database and need a backup plan from day one.
You need to automate nightly or hourly backups for PostgreSQL, MySQL, or MongoDB.
You want to ship backups to S3-compatible object storage with retention policies.
You are building or verifying disaster recovery runbooks.

您正在部署新数据库，需要从第一天就制定备份计划。
您需要为PostgreSQL、MySQL或MongoDB实现夜间或每小时自动备份。
您希望将备份存储到兼容S3的对象存储中，并配置保留策略。
您正在构建或验证灾难恢复手册。

Prerequisites

前提条件

Database client tools installed (
```
pg_dump
```
,
```
mysqldump
```
,
```
mongodump
```
).
AWS CLI or
```
restic
```
for remote storage.
```
cron
```
or systemd timers for scheduling.
An S3 bucket (or S3-compatible endpoint) for offsite backups.

已安装数据库客户端工具（
```
pg_dump
```
、
```
mysqldump
```
、
```
mongodump
```
）。
用于远程存储的AWS CLI或
```
restic
```
。
用于调度任务的
```
cron
```
或systemd定时器。
用于异地备份的S3存储桶（或兼容S3的端点）。

Backup Types

备份类型

Type	Description	Frequency	Use Case
Full	Complete database copy	Weekly	Baseline for restores
Incremental	Changes since last backup	Daily	Reduce storage and time
Transaction log / WAL	Continuous log shipping	Continuous	Point-in-time recovery (PITR)
Snapshot	Storage-level snapshot (EBS, ZFS)	Daily	Fast full restores

类型	描述	频率	适用场景
全量备份	完整的数据库副本	每周	作为恢复的基线
增量备份	自上次备份以来的变更数据	每日	减少存储占用和备份时间
事务日志/WAL	持续日志传输	持续	时点恢复（PITR）
快照	存储级快照（EBS、ZFS）	每日	快速全量恢复

PostgreSQL Backups

PostgreSQL备份

Logical Backup with pg_dump

使用pg_dump进行逻辑备份

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

pg_backup.sh — PostgreSQL logical backup

set -euo pipefail

DB_NAME="mydb" DB_USER="backup_user" DB_HOST="localhost" BACKUP_DIR="/backups/postgres" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) FILENAME="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.dump"

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

set -euo pipefail

DB_NAME="mydb" DB_USER="backup_user" DB_HOST="localhost" BACKUP_DIR="/backups/postgres" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) FILENAME="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.dump"

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

Custom compressed format (recommended for selective restore)

pg_dump -h "$DB_HOST" -U "$DB_USER" -Fc -Z6 "$DB_NAME" > "$FILENAME"

echo "[$(date)] PostgreSQL backup complete: $FILENAME ($(du -h "$FILENAME" | cut -f1))"

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pg_dump -h "$DB_HOST" -U "$DB_USER" -Fc -Z6 "$DB_NAME" > "$FILENAME"

echo "[$(date)] PostgreSQL backup complete: $FILENAME ($(du -h "$FILENAME" | cut -f1))"

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Physical Backup with pg_basebackup

使用pg_basebackup进行物理备份

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

pg_basebackup.sh — PostgreSQL physical backup for PITR

set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_DIR="/backups/postgres/base_$(date +%Y%m%d)" mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

pg_basebackup
-h localhost
-U replicator
-D "$BACKUP_DIR"
--wal-method=stream
--checkpoint=fast
--progress
--verbose

echo "[$(date)] Base backup complete: $BACKUP_DIR"

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set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_DIR="/backups/postgres/base_$(date +%Y%m%d)" mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

pg_basebackup
-h localhost
-U replicator
-D "$BACKUP_DIR"
--wal-method=stream
--checkpoint=fast
--progress
--verbose

echo "[$(date)] Base backup complete: $BACKUP_DIR"

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PostgreSQL Restore

PostgreSQL恢复

bash

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bash

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Restore from custom-format dump

从自定义格式备份恢复

pg_restore -h localhost -U myapp -d mydb --clean --if-exists /backups/postgres/mydb_20250115_020000.dump

Restore a single table

恢复单个表

pg_restore -h localhost -U myapp -d mydb -t orders /backups/postgres/mydb_20250115_020000.dump

Restore from plain SQL

从纯SQL文件恢复

psql -h localhost -U myapp -d mydb < /backups/postgres/mydb_20250115.sql

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psql -h localhost -U myapp -d mydb < /backups/postgres/mydb_20250115.sql

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MySQL Backups

MySQL备份

Logical Backup with mysqldump

使用mysqldump进行逻辑备份

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

mysql_backup.sh — MySQL logical backup

set -euo pipefail

DB_NAME="mydb" DB_USER="backup_user" DB_PASS="${MYSQL_BACKUP_PASSWORD}" BACKUP_DIR="/backups/mysql" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) FILENAME="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.sql.gz"

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

mysqldump -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS"
--single-transaction
--routines
--triggers
--events
"$DB_NAME" | gzip > "$FILENAME"

echo "[$(date)] MySQL backup complete: $FILENAME ($(du -h "$FILENAME" | cut -f1))"

undefined

set -euo pipefail

DB_NAME="mydb" DB_USER="backup_user" DB_PASS="${MYSQL_BACKUP_PASSWORD}" BACKUP_DIR="/backups/mysql" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) FILENAME="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.sql.gz"

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

mysqldump -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS"
--single-transaction
--routines
--triggers
--events
"$DB_NAME" | gzip > "$FILENAME"

echo "[$(date)] MySQL backup complete: $FILENAME ($(du -h "$FILENAME" | cut -f1))"

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Physical Backup with Percona XtraBackup

使用Percona XtraBackup进行物理备份

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

xtrabackup.sh — MySQL physical backup

set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_DIR="/backups/mysql/full_$(date +%Y%m%d)"

xtrabackup --backup
--user=backup_user
--password="${MYSQL_BACKUP_PASSWORD}"
--target-dir="$BACKUP_DIR"

xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir="$BACKUP_DIR"

echo "[$(date)] XtraBackup complete: $BACKUP_DIR"

undefined

set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_DIR="/backups/mysql/full_$(date +%Y%m%d)"

xtrabackup --backup
--user=backup_user
--password="${MYSQL_BACKUP_PASSWORD}"
--target-dir="$BACKUP_DIR"

xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir="$BACKUP_DIR"

echo "[$(date)] XtraBackup complete: $BACKUP_DIR"

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MySQL Restore

MySQL恢复

bash

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bash

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Restore from compressed mysqldump

从压缩的mysqldump备份恢复

gunzip < /backups/mysql/mydb_20250115_020000.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p mydb

Restore from XtraBackup

从XtraBackup备份恢复

sudo systemctl stop mysql sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/* xtrabackup --move-back --target-dir=/backups/mysql/full_20250115 sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql sudo systemctl start mysql

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sudo systemctl stop mysql sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/* xtrabackup --move-back --target-dir=/backups/mysql/full_20250115 sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql sudo systemctl start mysql

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MongoDB Backups

MongoDB备份

Logical Backup with mongodump

使用mongodump进行逻辑备份

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

mongo_backup.sh — MongoDB backup

set -euo pipefail

MONGO_URI="mongodb://backup_user:${MONGO_BACKUP_PASSWORD}@localhost:27017" BACKUP_DIR="/backups/mongodb" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) TARGET="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}"

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

set -euo pipefail

MONGO_URI="mongodb://backup_user:${MONGO_BACKUP_PASSWORD}@localhost:27017" BACKUP_DIR="/backups/mongodb" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) TARGET="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}"

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

Full backup with compression

mongodump --uri="$MONGO_URI" --gzip --out="$TARGET"

echo "[$(date)] MongoDB backup complete: $TARGET"

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mongodump --uri="$MONGO_URI" --gzip --out="$TARGET"

echo "[$(date)] MongoDB backup complete: $TARGET"

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MongoDB Restore

MongoDB恢复

bash

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bash

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Restore all databases

恢复所有数据库

mongorestore --uri="mongodb://admin:secret@localhost:27017"
--gzip --drop /backups/mongodb/20250115_020000/

Restore a single database

恢复单个数据库

mongorestore --uri="mongodb://admin:secret@localhost:27017"
--gzip --drop --db mydb /backups/mongodb/20250115_020000/mydb/

Restore a single collection

恢复单个集合

mongorestore --uri="mongodb://admin:secret@localhost:27017"
--gzip --drop --db mydb --collection users
/backups/mongodb/20250115_020000/mydb/users.bson.gz

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mongorestore --uri="mongodb://admin:secret@localhost:27017"
--gzip --drop --db mydb --collection users
/backups/mongodb/20250115_020000/mydb/users.bson.gz

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Upload to S3

上传至S3

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

s3_upload.sh — Upload backups to S3

set -euo pipefail

S3_BUCKET="s3://my-backups" BACKUP_DIR="/backups" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)

set -euo pipefail

S3_BUCKET="s3://my-backups" BACKUP_DIR="/backups" DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)

Upload PostgreSQL backup

aws s3 cp "${BACKUP_DIR}/postgres/" "${S3_BUCKET}/postgres/${DATE}/"
--recursive --storage-class STANDARD_IA
--sse AES256

Upload MySQL backup

aws s3 cp "${BACKUP_DIR}/mysql/" "${S3_BUCKET}/mysql/${DATE}/"
--recursive --storage-class STANDARD_IA
--sse AES256

Upload MongoDB backup

aws s3 cp "${BACKUP_DIR}/mongodb/" "${S3_BUCKET}/mongodb/${DATE}/"
--recursive --storage-class STANDARD_IA
--sse AES256

echo "[$(date)] S3 upload complete for ${DATE}"

undefined

aws s3 cp "${BACKUP_DIR}/mongodb/" "${S3_BUCKET}/mongodb/${DATE}/"
--recursive --storage-class STANDARD_IA
--sse AES256

echo "[$(date)] S3 upload complete for ${DATE}"

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S3 Lifecycle Policy for Retention

S3生命周期保留策略

json

{
  "Rules": [
    {
      "ID": "BackupRetention",
      "Status": "Enabled",
      "Filter": { "Prefix": "" },
      "Transitions": [
        { "Days": 30, "StorageClass": "GLACIER" }
      ],
      "Expiration": { "Days": 365 }
    }
  ]
}

bash

aws s3api put-bucket-lifecycle-configuration \
  --bucket my-backups \
  --lifecycle-configuration file://lifecycle.json

json

{
  "Rules": [
    {
      "ID": "BackupRetention",
      "Status": "Enabled",
      "Filter": { "Prefix": "" },
      "Transitions": [
        { "Days": 30, "StorageClass": "GLACIER" }
      ],
      "Expiration": { "Days": 365 }
    }
  ]
}

bash

aws s3api put-bucket-lifecycle-configuration \
  --bucket my-backups \
  --lifecycle-configuration file://lifecycle.json

Restic Backup (Encrypted, Deduplicated)

Restic备份（加密、去重）

bash

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bash

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Initialize a restic repository on S3

export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="AKIA..." export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="..." export RESTIC_PASSWORD="strong_encryption_password" export RESTIC_REPOSITORY="s3:s3.amazonaws.com/my-backups-restic"

restic init

export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="AKIA..." export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="..." export RESTIC_PASSWORD="strong_encryption_password" export RESTIC_REPOSITORY="s3:s3.amazonaws.com/my-backups-restic"

restic init

Backup the local backup directory

restic backup /backups/postgres /backups/mysql /backups/mongodb

List snapshots

restic snapshots

Prune old snapshots — keep 7 daily, 4 weekly, 6 monthly

restic forget --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 4 --keep-monthly 6 --prune

Restore a snapshot

restic restore latest --target /restore/

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restic restore latest --target /restore/

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Cron Schedules

Cron调度计划

bash

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bash

undefined

/etc/cron.d/db-backups

PostgreSQL: nightly at 02:00

PostgreSQL: 每日02:00执行

0 2 * * * backup /opt/scripts/pg_backup.sh >> /var/log/backup-pg.log 2>&1

MySQL: nightly at 02:30

MySQL: 每日02:30执行

30 2 * * * backup /opt/scripts/mysql_backup.sh >> /var/log/backup-mysql.log 2>&1

MongoDB: nightly at 03:00

MongoDB: 每日03:00执行

0 3 * * * backup /opt/scripts/mongo_backup.sh >> /var/log/backup-mongo.log 2>&1

Upload to S3: daily at 04:00

上传至S3: 每日04:00执行

0 4 * * * backup /opt/scripts/s3_upload.sh >> /var/log/backup-s3.log 2>&1

Local cleanup: keep 7 days of local backups

本地清理: 保留7天本地备份

0 5 * * * backup find /backups -type f -mtime +7 -delete >> /var/log/backup-cleanup.log 2>&1

Restic prune: weekly on Sunday at 06:00

Restic清理: 每周日06:00执行

0 6 * * 0 backup /opt/scripts/restic_prune.sh >> /var/log/backup-restic.log 2>&1

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0 6 * * 0 backup /opt/scripts/restic_prune.sh >> /var/log/backup-restic.log 2>&1

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Automated Recovery Testing

自动化恢复测试

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

verify_backup.sh — weekly restore test

set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_FILE=$(ls -t /backups/postgres/mydb_*.dump | head -1)

echo "[$(date)] Starting backup verification with $BACKUP_FILE"

set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_FILE=$(ls -t /backups/postgres/mydb_*.dump | head -1)

echo "[$(date)] Starting backup verification with $BACKUP_FILE"

Spin up a temporary PostgreSQL container

启动临时PostgreSQL容器

docker run -d --name pg-restore-test
-e POSTGRES_USER=testuser
-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=testpass
-e POSTGRES_DB=testdb
postgres:16-alpine

Wait for container to be ready

等待容器就绪

sleep 5 until docker exec pg-restore-test pg_isready -U testuser; do sleep 2 done

Copy backup into container and restore

将备份文件复制到容器并恢复

docker cp "$BACKUP_FILE" pg-restore-test:/tmp/backup.dump docker exec pg-restore-test pg_restore -U testuser -d testdb --clean --if-exists /tmp/backup.dump

Run verification queries

执行验证查询

USERS_COUNT=$(docker exec pg-restore-test psql -U testuser -d testdb -tAc "SELECT COUNT() FROM users;") ORDERS_COUNT=$(docker exec pg-restore-test psql -U testuser -d testdb -tAc "SELECT COUNT() FROM orders;")

echo "[$(date)] Verification: users=$USERS_COUNT, orders=$ORDERS_COUNT"

USERS_COUNT=$(docker exec pg-restore-test psql -U testuser -d testdb -tAc "SELECT COUNT() FROM users;") ORDERS_COUNT=$(docker exec pg-restore-test psql -U testuser -d testdb -tAc "SELECT COUNT() FROM orders;")

echo "[$(date)] Verification: users=$USERS_COUNT, orders=$ORDERS_COUNT"

Cleanup

清理资源

docker rm -f pg-restore-test

Alert on failure

验证失败时发送告警

if [ "$USERS_COUNT" -lt 1 ]; then echo "ALERT: Backup verification failed — users table is empty" >&2 exit 1 fi

echo "[$(date)] Backup verification PASSED"

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if [ "$USERS_COUNT" -lt 1 ]; then echo "ALERT: Backup verification failed — users table is empty" >&2 exit 1 fi

echo "[$(date)] Backup verification PASSED"

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Unified Backup Script

统一备份脚本

bash

#!/bin/bash

bash

#!/bin/bash

backup_all.sh — unified backup orchestrator

set -euo pipefail

LOG="/var/log/backup-all.log" ALERT_EMAIL="ops@example.com" ERRORS=0

log() { echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] $*" | tee -a "$LOG"; }

run_backup() { local name="$1" script="$2" log "Starting $name backup..." if bash "$script" >> "$LOG" 2>&1; then log "$name backup succeeded." else log "ERROR: $name backup FAILED." ERRORS=$((ERRORS + 1)) fi }

run_backup "PostgreSQL" /opt/scripts/pg_backup.sh run_backup "MySQL" /opt/scripts/mysql_backup.sh run_backup "MongoDB" /opt/scripts/mongo_backup.sh run_backup "S3 Upload" /opt/scripts/s3_upload.sh

if [ "$ERRORS" -gt 0 ]; then log "Backup run completed with $ERRORS error(s). Sending alert." mail -s "BACKUP ALERT: $ERRORS failure(s)" "$ALERT_EMAIL" < "$LOG" exit 1 fi

log "All backups completed successfully."

undefined

set -euo pipefail

LOG="/var/log/backup-all.log" ALERT_EMAIL="ops@example.com" ERRORS=0

log() { echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] $*" | tee -a "$LOG"; }

run_backup() { local name="$1" script="$2" log "Starting $name backup..." if bash "$script" >> "$LOG" 2>&1; then log "$name backup succeeded." else log "ERROR: $name backup FAILED." ERRORS=$((ERRORS + 1)) fi }

run_backup "PostgreSQL" /opt/scripts/pg_backup.sh run_backup "MySQL" /opt/scripts/mysql_backup.sh run_backup "MongoDB" /opt/scripts/mongo_backup.sh run_backup "S3 Upload" /opt/scripts/s3_upload.sh

if [ "$ERRORS" -gt 0 ]; then log "Backup run completed with $ERRORS error(s). Sending alert." mail -s "BACKUP ALERT: $ERRORS failure(s)" "$ALERT_EMAIL" < "$LOG" exit 1 fi

log "All backups completed successfully."

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Best Practices

最佳实践

3-2-1 Rule: Keep 3 copies of data, on 2 different media types, with 1 offsite.
Encrypt backups at rest: Use
```
restic
```
(built-in encryption), AWS SSE, or
```
gpg
```
.
Test restores regularly: A backup that has never been restored is not a backup.
Monitor backup jobs: Alert immediately on any failure; do not rely on silent cron jobs.
Document RTOs and RPOs: Define Recovery Time Objective and Recovery Point Objective for each database.
Version your backup scripts: Store them in Git alongside your infrastructure code.
Use
--single-transaction
: For MySQL and PostgreSQL logical backups to get a consistent snapshot.
Separate backup credentials: Use a dedicated read-only database user for backups.

3-2-1原则: 保留3份数据副本，存储在2种不同介质上，其中1份异地存储。
静态备份加密: 使用
```
restic
```
（内置加密）、AWS SSE或
```
gpg
```
对备份加密。
定期测试恢复: 从未被恢复过的备份不能算作有效备份。
监控备份任务: 备份失败时立即告警，不要依赖静默运行的cron任务。
定义RTO和RPO: 为每个数据库定义恢复时间目标（Recovery Time Objective）和恢复点目标（Recovery Point Objective）。
版本控制备份脚本: 将备份脚本与基础设施代码一起存储在Git中。
使用
--single-transaction
: 在MySQL和PostgreSQL逻辑备份中使用该参数以获取一致的快照。
独立备份凭证: 使用专用的只读数据库用户进行备份操作。

Troubleshooting

故障排除

Symptom	Likely Cause	Fix
`pg_dump: too many clients`	Backup connection competes with app pool	Schedule during low traffic; increase `max_connections` by 5 for backup user
`mysqldump` hangs on large table	Table lock contention	Use `--single-transaction` (InnoDB) or schedule during maintenance window
`mongodump` slow on replica	Reading from secondary under load	Use `--readPreference=secondaryPreferred` and schedule off-peak
S3 upload fails with timeout	Large file over slow connection	Use `aws s3 cp --expected-size` or multipart with `aws s3api`
Restic prune takes hours	Too many snapshots accumulated	Run `restic forget --prune` more frequently; limit snapshot count
Restore fails with "role does not exist"	Backup includes role-dependent objects	Create roles first or use `--no-owner --no-privileges` on restore

症状	可能原因	解决方法
`pg_dump: too many clients`	备份连接与应用连接池竞争	低峰期调度备份；为备份用户增加5个 `max_connections` 连接数
`mysqldump` 在大表上挂起	表锁竞争	使用 `--single-transaction` （适用于InnoDB）或在维护窗口调度备份
`mongodump` 在副本集上运行缓慢	从节点负载过高	使用 `--readPreference=secondaryPreferred` 并在非高峰时段调度
S3上传因超时失败	大文件通过慢速网络传输	使用 `aws s3 cp --expected-size` 或通过 `aws s3api` 进行分块上传
Restic清理耗时数小时	快照累积过多	更频繁地运行 `restic forget --prune` ；限制快照数量
恢复时提示“role does not exist”	备份包含依赖角色的对象	先创建角色，或在恢复时使用 `--no-owner --no-privileges` 参数

database-backups

Original

Translation

Database Backups

数据库备份

When to Use

适用场景

Prerequisites

前提条件

Backup Types

备份类型

PostgreSQL Backups

PostgreSQL备份

Logical Backup with pg_dump

使用pg_dump进行逻辑备份

pg_backup.sh — PostgreSQL logical backup

pg_backup.sh — PostgreSQL logical backup

Custom compressed format (recommended for selective restore)

Custom compressed format (recommended for selective restore)

Physical Backup with pg_basebackup

使用pg_basebackup进行物理备份

pg_basebackup.sh — PostgreSQL physical backup for PITR

pg_basebackup.sh — PostgreSQL physical backup for PITR

PostgreSQL Restore

PostgreSQL恢复

Restore from custom-format dump

从自定义格式备份恢复

Restore a single table

恢复单个表

Restore from plain SQL

从纯SQL文件恢复

MySQL Backups

MySQL备份

Logical Backup with mysqldump

使用mysqldump进行逻辑备份

mysql_backup.sh — MySQL logical backup

mysql_backup.sh — MySQL logical backup

Physical Backup with Percona XtraBackup

使用Percona XtraBackup进行物理备份

xtrabackup.sh — MySQL physical backup

xtrabackup.sh — MySQL physical backup

MySQL Restore

MySQL恢复

Restore from compressed mysqldump

从压缩的mysqldump备份恢复

Restore from XtraBackup

从XtraBackup备份恢复

MongoDB Backups

MongoDB备份

Logical Backup with mongodump

使用mongodump进行逻辑备份

mongo_backup.sh — MongoDB backup

mongo_backup.sh — MongoDB backup

Full backup with compression

Full backup with compression

MongoDB Restore

MongoDB恢复

Restore all databases

恢复所有数据库

Restore a single database

恢复单个数据库

Restore a single collection

恢复单个集合

Upload to S3

上传至S3

s3_upload.sh — Upload backups to S3

s3_upload.sh — Upload backups to S3

Upload PostgreSQL backup

Upload PostgreSQL backup

Upload MySQL backup

Upload MySQL backup

Upload MongoDB backup

Upload MongoDB backup

S3 Lifecycle Policy for Retention

S3生命周期保留策略

Restic Backup (Encrypted, Deduplicated)

Restic备份（加密、去重）

Initialize a restic repository on S3

Initialize a restic repository on S3

Backup the local backup directory