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Original

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Translation

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Go Testing Skill

Go 测试技能

When to Activate

适用场景

Activate this skill when:
  • Writing Go unit tests
  • Creating table-driven tests
  • Working with test helpers and fixtures
  • Mocking dependencies via interfaces
  • Running benchmarks or fuzz tests
在以下场景中使用本技能：
  • 编写Go单元测试
  • 创建表驱动测试
  • 使用测试辅助函数和测试固件
  • 通过接口Mock依赖项
  • 运行基准测试或模糊测试

Quick Commands

快速命令

bash
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bash
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Run all tests

Run all tests

go test ./...
go test ./...

Verbose output

Verbose output

go test -v ./...
go test -v ./...

Run specific test

Run specific test

go test -run TestUserCreate
go test -run TestUserCreate

With coverage

With coverage

go test -cover ./... go test -coverprofile=coverage.out ./... go tool cover -html=coverage.out
go test -cover ./... go test -coverprofile=coverage.out ./... go tool cover -html=coverage.out

Run benchmarks

Run benchmarks

go test -bench=. ./...
go test -bench=. ./...

Race detector

Race detector

go test -race ./...
undefined
go test -race ./...
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Basic Test Structure

基础测试结构

go
// math_test.go
package math

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    result := Add(2, 3)
    expected := 5

    if result != expected {
        t.Errorf("Add(2, 3) = %d; want %d", result, expected)
    }
}
go
// math_test.go
package math

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    result := Add(2, 3)
    expected := 5

    if result != expected {
        t.Errorf("Add(2, 3) = %d; want %d", result, expected)
    }
}

Table-Driven Tests (Idiomatic Go)

表驱动测试（Go惯用写法）

go
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        a, b     int
        expected int
    }{
        {"positive numbers", 2, 3, 5},
        {"negative numbers", -1, -1, -2},
        {"mixed signs", -1, 5, 4},
        {"zeros", 0, 0, 0},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            result := Add(tt.a, tt.b)
            if result != tt.expected {
                t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d; want %d",
                    tt.a, tt.b, result, tt.expected)
            }
        })
    }
}
go
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        a, b     int
        expected int
    }{
        {"positive numbers", 2, 3, 5},
        {"negative numbers", -1, -1, -2},
        {"mixed signs", -1, 5, 4},
        {"zeros", 0, 0, 0},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            result := Add(tt.a, tt.b)
            if result != tt.expected {
                t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d; want %d",
                    tt.a, tt.b, result, tt.expected)
            }
        })
    }
}

Subtests and Parallel Execution

子测试与并行执行

go
func TestAPIEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        endpoint string
        status   int
    }{
        {"health", "/health", 200},
        {"users", "/api/users", 200},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        tt := tt // capture range variable
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            t.Parallel() // run in parallel
            // test logic
        })
    }
}
go
func TestAPIEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        endpoint string
        status   int
    }{
        {"health", "/health", 200},
        {"users", "/api/users", 200},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        tt := tt // capture range variable
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            t.Parallel() // run in parallel
            // test logic
        })
    }
}

Test Helpers

测试辅助函数

go
func assertEqual(t *testing.T, got, want int) {
    t.Helper() // marks as helper for line numbers
    if got != want {
        t.Errorf("got %d; want %d", got, want)
    }
}

func assertNoError(t *testing.T, err error) {
    t.Helper()
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
    }
}
go
func assertEqual(t *testing.T, got, want int) {
    t.Helper() // marks as helper for line numbers
    if got != want {
        t.Errorf("got %d; want %d", got, want)
    }
}

func assertNoError(t *testing.T, err error) {
    t.Helper()
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
    }
}

Setup and Teardown

测试前置与清理

go
func TestDatabase(t *testing.T) {
    // Setup
    db := setupTestDB(t)

    // Teardown (runs after test)
    t.Cleanup(func() {
        db.Close()
    })

    // Test code
    user, err := db.CreateUser("test@example.com")
    assertNoError(t, err)
}
go
func TestDatabase(t *testing.T) {
    // Setup
    db := setupTestDB(t)

    // Teardown (runs after test)
    t.Cleanup(func() {
        db.Close()
    })

    // Test code
    user, err := db.CreateUser("test@example.com")
    assertNoError(t, err)
}

Mocking with Interfaces

通过接口实现Mock

go
// Define interface for dependencies
type UserRepository interface {
    FindByID(id string) (*User, error)
    Save(user *User) error
}

// Mock implementation
type MockUserRepo struct {
    FindByIDFunc func(id string) (*User, error)
}

func (m *MockUserRepo) FindByID(id string) (*User, error) {
    return m.FindByIDFunc(id)
}

// Test with mock
func TestUserService_GetUser(t *testing.T) {
    mock := &MockUserRepo{
        FindByIDFunc: func(id string) (*User, error) {
            return &User{ID: "123", Email: "test@example.com"}, nil
        },
    }

    service := &UserService{repo: mock}
    user, err := service.GetUser("123")

    assertNoError(t, err)
    assertEqual(t, user.ID, "123")
}
go
// Define interface for dependencies
type UserRepository interface {
    FindByID(id string) (*User, error)
    Save(user *User) error
}

// Mock implementation
type MockUserRepo struct {
    FindByIDFunc func(id string) (*User, error)
}

func (m *MockUserRepo) FindByID(id string) (*User, error) {
    return m.FindByIDFunc(id)
}

// Test with mock
func TestUserService_GetUser(t *testing.T) {
    mock := &MockUserRepo{
        FindByIDFunc: func(id string) (*User, error) {
            return &User{ID: "123", Email: "test@example.com"}, nil
        },
    }

    service := &UserService{repo: mock}
    user, err := service.GetUser("123")

    assertNoError(t, err)
    assertEqual(t, user.ID, "123")
}

HTTP Handler Testing

HTTP处理器测试

go
import (
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"
)

func TestHealthHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/health", nil)
    rr := httptest.NewRecorder()

    handler := http.HandlerFunc(HealthHandler)
    handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)

    if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
        t.Errorf("status = %d; want %d", rr.Code, http.StatusOK)
    }
}
go
import (
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"
)

func TestHealthHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/health", nil)
    rr := httptest.NewRecorder()

    handler := http.HandlerFunc(HealthHandler)
    handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)

    if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
        t.Errorf("status = %d; want %d", rr.Code, http.StatusOK)
    }
}

Benchmarks

基准测试

go
func BenchmarkAdd(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        Add(2, 3)
    }
}

// Run: go test -bench=. -benchmem
go
func BenchmarkAdd(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        Add(2, 3)
    }
}

// Run: go test -bench=. -benchmem

Directory Structure

目录结构

project/
├── internal/
│   ├── user/
│   │   ├── user.go
│   │   └── user_test.go
│   └── api/
│       ├── handler.go
│       └── handler_test.go
└── test/
    └── integration/
        └── api_test.go
project/
├── internal/
│   ├── user/
│   │   ├── user.go
│   │   └── user_test.go
│   └── api/
│       ├── handler.go
│       └── handler_test.go
└── test/
    └── integration/
        └── api_test.go

Test Function Signatures

测试函数签名

go
func TestXxx(t *testing.T)      // Regular test
func BenchmarkXxx(b *testing.B) // Benchmark
func ExampleXxx()               // Example (docs)
func FuzzXxx(f *testing.F)      // Fuzz test
go
func TestXxx(t *testing.T)      // Regular test
func BenchmarkXxx(b *testing.B) // Benchmark
func ExampleXxx()               // Example (docs)
func FuzzXxx(f *testing.F)      // Fuzz test

Related Resources

相关资源

See 
AgentUsage/testing_go.md
for complete documentation including:
  • Fuzz testing patterns
  • Build tags for test types
  • TestMain for package-level setup
  • Coverage in CI
完整文档请查看 
AgentUsage/testing_go.md
，包括：
  • 模糊测试模式
  • 用于测试类型的构建标签
  • 包级别的TestMain设置
  • CI中的覆盖率统计