// ✅ Good — every action emits a queryable event
contract Marketplace {
    event Listed(
        uint256 indexed listingId,
        address indexed seller,
        address indexed tokenContract,
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 price
    );
    event Sold(uint256 indexed listingId, address indexed buyer, uint256 price);
    event Cancelled(uint256 indexed listingId);

    function list(address token, uint256 tokenId, uint256 price) external {
        uint256 id = nextListingId++;
        listings[id] = Listing(msg.sender, token, tokenId, price, true);
        emit Listed(id, msg.sender, token, tokenId, price);
    }

    function buy(uint256 listingId) external payable {
        // ... transfer logic ...
        emit Sold(listingId, msg.sender, msg.value);
    }
}

import { createPublicClient, http, parseAbiItem } from 'viem';

const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: http(),
});

// Get recent events (last 1000 blocks)
const logs = await client.getLogs({
  address: '0xYourContract',
  event: parseAbiItem('event Sold(uint256 indexed listingId, address indexed buyer, uint256 price)'),
  fromBlock: currentBlock - 1000n,
  toBlock: 'latest',
});

type Token @entity {
  id: ID!
  tokenId: BigInt!
  owner: Bytes!
  mintedAt: BigInt!
  transfers: [Transfer!]! @derivedFrom(field: "token")
}

type Transfer @entity {
  id: ID!
  token: Token!
  from: Bytes!
  to: Bytes!
  timestamp: BigInt!
  blockNumber: BigInt!
}

import { Transfer as TransferEvent } from './generated/MyNFT/MyNFT';
import { Token, Transfer } from './generated/schema';

export function handleTransfer(event: TransferEvent): void {
  let tokenId = event.params.tokenId.toString();

  // Create or update token entity
  let token = Token.load(tokenId);
  if (token == null) {
    token = new Token(tokenId);
    token.tokenId = event.params.tokenId;
    token.mintedAt = event.block.timestamp;
  }
  token.owner = event.params.to;
  token.save();

  // Create transfer record
  let transfer = new Transfer(
    event.transaction.hash.toHex() + '-' + event.logIndex.toString()
  );
  transfer.token = tokenId;
  transfer.from = event.params.from;
  transfer.to = event.params.to;
  transfer.timestamp = event.block.timestamp;
  transfer.blockNumber = event.block.number;
  transfer.save();
}

{
  tokens(where: { owner: "0xAlice..." }, first: 100) {
    tokenId
    mintedAt
    transfers(orderBy: timestamp, orderDirection: desc, first: 5) {
      from
      to
      timestamp
    }
  }
}

# Install
npm install -g @graphprotocol/graph-cli

# Initialize from contract ABI
graph init --studio my-subgraph

# Generate types from schema
graph codegen

# Build
graph build

# Deploy to Subgraph Studio
graph deploy --studio my-subgraph

-- Top 10 buyers on your marketplace (last 30 days)
SELECT
    buyer,
    COUNT(*) as purchases,
    SUM(price / 1e18) as total_eth_spent
FROM mycontract_ethereum.Marketplace_evt_Sold
WHERE evt_block_time > NOW() - INTERVAL '30' DAY
GROUP BY buyer
ORDER BY total_eth_spent DESC
LIMIT 10

// Alchemy: get all tokens held by an address
const balances = await alchemy.core.getTokenBalances(address);

// Alchemy: get all NFTs owned by an address
const nfts = await alchemy.nft.getNftsForOwner(address);

// Alchemy: get transfer history
const transfers = await alchemy.core.getAssetTransfers({
  fromAddress: address,
  category: ['erc20', 'erc721'],
});

import { createPublicClient, http } from 'viem';

const client = createPublicClient({ chain: mainnet, transport: http() });

// Read current balance
const balance = await client.readContract({
  address: tokenAddress,
  abi: erc20Abi,
  functionName: 'balanceOf',
  args: [userAddress],
});

// Multicall3: 0xcA11bde05977b3631167028862bE2a173976CA11
// Same address on Ethereum, Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, Polygon, and 50+ chains

const results = await client.multicall({
  contracts: [
    { address: tokenA, abi: erc20Abi, functionName: 'balanceOf', args: [user] },
    { address: tokenB, abi: erc20Abi, functionName: 'balanceOf', args: [user] },
    { address: tokenC, abi: erc20Abi, functionName: 'balanceOf', args: [user] },
    { address: vault, abi: vaultAbi, functionName: 'totalAssets' },
  ],
});
// One RPC call instead of four

import { createPublicClient, webSocket } from 'viem';

const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: webSocket('wss://eth-mainnet.g.alchemy.com/v2/YOUR_KEY'),
});

// Watch for new sales in real-time
const unwatch = client.watchContractEvent({
  address: marketplaceAddress,
  abi: marketplaceAbi,
  eventName: 'Sold',
  onLogs: (logs) => {
    for (const log of logs) {
      console.log(`Sale: listing ${log.args.listingId} for ${log.args.price}`);
    }
  },
});