financial-plan
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ChineseFinancial Plan
财务规划
Workflow
工作流程
Step 1: Client Profile
步骤1：客户资料收集
Gather or confirm:
- Demographics: Age, spouse age, dependents, life expectancy assumptions
- Employment: Current income, expected raises, retirement age target
- Accounts: All investment accounts with balances and asset allocation
- Income sources: Salary, bonuses, rental income, Social Security estimates, pensions
- Expenses: Current annual spending, expected changes (mortgage payoff, kids' independence)
- Liabilities: Mortgage, student loans, other debt
- Insurance: Life, disability, LTC, health
- Estate: Wills, trusts, beneficiary designations, gifting strategy
收集或确认以下信息：
- 人口统计信息：年龄、配偶年龄、受抚养人、预期寿命假设
- 就业情况：当前收入、预期加薪、目标退休年龄
- 账户信息：所有投资账户的余额及资产配置
- 收入来源：薪资、奖金、租金收入、社会保障预估、养老金
- 支出情况：当前年度支出、预期变化（如房贷还清、子女独立）
- 负债情况：房贷、学生贷款、其他债务
- 保险情况：人寿保险、伤残保险、长期护理保险（LTC）、健康保险
- 遗产规划：遗嘱、信托、受益人指定、赠与策略
Step 2: Cash Flow Analysis
步骤2：现金流分析
Build annual cash flow projections:
| Year | Age | Gross Income | Taxes | Living Expenses | Savings | Net Cash Flow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key inputs:
- Inflation rate assumption (typically 2.5-3%)
- Tax rate (marginal and effective)
- Savings rate and where savings are directed (pre-tax, Roth, taxable)
构建年度现金流预测：
| 年份 | 年龄 | 总收入 | 税费 | 生活支出 | 储蓄 | 净现金流 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
关键输入项：
- 通货膨胀率假设（通常为2.5-3%）
- 税率（边际税率和实际税率）
- 储蓄率及储蓄投向（税前账户、Roth账户、应税账户）
Step 3: Retirement Projections
步骤3：退休规划预测
Accumulation Phase:
- Current portfolio value
- Annual contributions (401k, IRA, taxable)
- Expected return by asset class
- Monte Carlo simulation: probability of success at various spending levels
Distribution Phase:
- Required annual spending in retirement (today's dollars → inflation-adjusted)
- Social Security start age and benefit
- Pension income (if any)
- Portfolio withdrawal rate and sequence
- Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)
Key Output:
- Projected portfolio value at retirement
- Sustainable withdrawal rate
- Probability of not running out of money (target >85%)
- "What if" scenarios: retire early, market downturn, higher spending
积累阶段：
- 当前投资组合价值
- 年度供款（401k、IRA、应税账户）
- 各资产类别的预期回报率
- 蒙特卡洛模拟：不同支出水平下的成功概率
分配阶段：
- 退休后年度所需支出（按当前美元计算→经通胀调整）
- 社会保障开始领取年龄及福利金额
- 养老金收入（如有）
- 投资组合提取率及提取顺序
- 最低必需提取额（RMDs）
关键输出：
- 退休时的预计投资组合价值
- 可持续提取率
- 资金不耗尽的概率（目标>85%）
- "假设情景"分析：提前退休、市场低迷、支出增加
Step 4: Goal-Specific Analysis
步骤4：特定目标分析
Education Funding
教育资金筹备
- Children's ages and target college start
- Current 529 balances
- Target funding level (public vs. private, 4-year vs. graduate)
- Required monthly savings to reach goal
- Financial aid considerations
- 子女年龄及目标大学入学时间
- 当前529账户余额
- 目标资金水平（公立vs私立、4年制vs研究生）
- 实现目标所需的月度储蓄额
- 助学金考量因素
Estate Planning
遗产规划
- Current estate value and projected growth
- Estate tax exposure (federal and state)
- Trust structures in place
- Gifting strategy (annual exclusion, lifetime exemption usage)
- Charitable giving plans
- Beneficiary review
- 当前遗产价值及预计增长
- 遗产税风险（联邦及州层面）
- 已设立的信托架构
- 赠与策略（年度免税额、终身豁免额度使用）
- 慈善捐赠计划
- 受益人审核
Risk Management
风险管理
- Life insurance needs analysis (income replacement, debt payoff, education funding)
- Disability insurance adequacy
- Long-term care planning
- Umbrella liability coverage
- 人寿保险需求分析（收入替代、债务偿还、教育资金筹备）
- 伤残保险充足性评估
- 长期护理规划
- 超额责任保险
Step 5: Scenario Modeling
步骤5：情景建模
Run key scenarios:
| Scenario | Probability of Success | Portfolio at 90 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base case | |||
| Retire 2 years early | |||
| 20% market drop in Year 1 | |||
| Higher spending (+20%) | |||
| One spouse lives to 95 | |||
| Long-term care event |
运行关键情景分析：
| 情景 | 成功概率 | 90岁时的投资组合价值 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基准情景 | |||
| 提前2年退休 | |||
| 第1年市场下跌20% | |||
| 支出增加20% | |||
| 一方配偶活到95岁 | |||
| 发生长期护理事件 |
Step 6: Recommendations
步骤6：建议
Prioritized action items:
- Savings rate changes
- Asset allocation adjustments
- Tax optimization (Roth conversions, tax-loss harvesting, asset location)
- Insurance gaps to fill
- Estate document updates
- Beneficiary designation review
优先级行动项：
- 调整储蓄率
- 调整资产配置
- 税务优化（Roth转换、税损收割、资产配置地点选择）
- 填补保险缺口
- 更新遗产文件
- 审核受益人指定
Step 7: Output
步骤7：输出成果
- Financial plan document (Word/PDF, 15-25 pages)
- Cash flow projection spreadsheet (Excel)
- Retirement projection charts
- Goal funding analysis
- Scenario comparison table
- Action item checklist
- 财务规划文档（Word/PDF格式，15-25页）
- 现金流预测电子表格（Excel格式）
- 退休规划预测图表
- 目标资金分析报告
- 情景对比表格
- 行动项清单
Important Notes
重要提示
- Financial plans are living documents — review and update annually or after major life events
- Be conservative with return assumptions — overestimating returns gives false confidence
- Tax planning is as important as investment returns — model tax implications of every recommendation
- Social Security timing is a major lever — model start ages of 62, 67, and 70
- Always stress-test the plan — a plan that only works in the base case isn't a good plan
- Compliance: ensure recommendations align with suitability/fiduciary standards
- 财务规划是动态文档——每年或重大生活事件后需审核更新
- 回报率假设需保守——高估回报率会带来虚假信心
- 税务规划与投资回报同等重要——为每项建议建模税务影响
- 社会保障领取时机是重要杠杆——模拟62岁、67岁和70岁三个领取年龄
- 务必对规划进行压力测试——仅在基准情景下有效的规划并非好规划
- 合规性：确保建议符合适用性/受托标准