mdr-745-specialist

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MDR 2017/745 Specialist

MDR 2017/745 合规专家

EU MDR compliance patterns for medical device classification, technical documentation, and clinical evidence.

欧盟MDR合规指南,涵盖医疗器械分类、技术文档与临床证据。

Table of Contents

目录

Device Classification Workflow

器械分类流程

Classify device under MDR Annex VIII:
  1. Identify device duration (transient, short-term, long-term)
  2. Determine invasiveness level (non-invasive, body orifice, surgical)
  3. Assess body system contact (CNS, cardiac, other)
  4. Check if active device (energy dependent)
  5. Apply classification rules 1-22
  6. For software, apply MDCG 2019-11 algorithm
  7. Document classification rationale
  8. Validation: Classification confirmed with Notified Body
依据MDR附件VIII对器械进行分类:
  1. 确定器械使用时长(短暂、短期、长期)
  2. 判定侵入性等级(非侵入式、体腔接触、手术侵入)
  3. 评估接触的身体系统(CNS、心脏、其他)
  4. 检查是否为有源器械(依赖能源)
  5. 应用分类规则1-22
  6. 针对软件,应用MDCG 2019-11算法
  7. 记录分类依据
  8. 验证: 分类结果经公告机构确认

Classification Matrix

分类矩阵

FactorClass IClass IIaClass IIbClass III
DurationAnyShort-termLong-termLong-term
InvasivenessNon-invasiveBody orificeSurgicalImplantable
SystemAnyNon-criticalCritical organsCNS/cardiac
RiskLowestLow-mediumMedium-highHighest
因素I类IIa类IIb类III类
使用时长任意短期长期长期
侵入性非侵入式体腔接触手术侵入植入式
接触系统任意非关键器官关键器官CNS/心脏
风险等级最低低-中中-高最高

Software Classification (MDCG 2019-11)

软件分类(MDCG 2019-11)

Information UseCondition SeverityClass
Informs decisionNon-seriousIIa
Informs decisionSeriousIIb
Drives/treatsCriticalIII
信息用途病情严重程度分类
辅助决策非严重IIa
辅助决策严重IIb
驱动/治疗危急III

Classification Examples

分类示例

Example 1: Absorbable Surgical Suture
  • Rule 8 (implantable, long-term)
  • Duration: > 30 days (absorbed)
  • Contact: General tissue
  • Classification: Class IIb
Example 2: AI Diagnostic Software
  • Rule 11 + MDCG 2019-11
  • Function: Diagnoses serious condition
  • Classification: Class IIb
Example 3: Cardiac Pacemaker
  • Rule 8 (implantable)
  • Contact: Central circulatory system
  • Classification: Class III

示例1:可吸收手术缝线
  • 规则8(植入式、长期使用)
  • 使用时长:>30天(可吸收)
  • 接触部位:普通组织
  • 分类:IIb类
示例2:AI诊断软件
  • 规则11 + MDCG 2019-11
  • 功能:诊断严重病情
  • 分类:IIb类
示例3:心脏起搏器
  • 规则8(植入式)
  • 接触部位:中央循环系统
  • 分类:III类

Technical Documentation

技术文档

Prepare technical file per Annex II and III:
  1. Create device description (variants, accessories, intended purpose)
  2. Develop labeling (Article 13 requirements, IFU)
  3. Document design and manufacturing process
  4. Complete GSPR compliance matrix
  5. Prepare benefit-risk analysis
  6. Compile verification and validation evidence
  7. Integrate risk management file (ISO 14971)
  8. Validation: Technical file reviewed for completeness
依据附件II和III准备技术文件:
  1. 创建器械描述(变体、配件、预期用途)
  2. 制作标签(符合第13条要求、使用说明书)
  3. 记录设计与制造流程
  4. 完成GSPR合规矩阵
  5. 准备收益-风险分析
  6. 整理验证与确认证据
  7. 整合风险管理文件(ISO 14971)
  8. 验证: 技术文档经完整性审核

Technical File Structure

技术文件结构

ANNEX II TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
├── Device description and UDI-DI
├── Label and instructions for use
├── Design and manufacturing info
├── GSPR compliance matrix
├── Benefit-risk analysis
├── Verification and validation
└── Clinical evaluation report
附件II 技术文档
├── 器械描述与UDI-DI
├── 标签与使用说明书
├── 设计与制造信息
├── GSPR合规矩阵
├── 收益-风险分析
├── 验证与确认
└── 临床评估报告

GSPR Compliance Checklist

GSPR合规检查表

RequirementEvidenceStatus
Safe design (GSPR 1-3)Risk management file
Chemical properties (GSPR 10.1)Biocompatibility report
Infection risk (GSPR 10.2)Sterilization validation
Software requirements (GSPR 17)IEC 62304 documentation
Labeling (GSPR 23)Label artwork, IFU
要求证据状态
安全设计(GSPR 1-3)风险管理文件
化学特性(GSPR 10.1)生物相容性报告
感染风险(GSPR 10.2)灭菌验证报告
软件要求(GSPR 17)IEC 62304文档
标签(GSPR 23)标签设计稿、使用说明书

Conformity Assessment Routes

合格评定路径

ClassRouteNB Involvement
IAnnex II self-declarationNone
Is/ImAnnex II + IX/XISterile/measuring aspects
IIaAnnex II + IX or XIProduct or QMS
IIbAnnex IX + X or X + XIType exam + production
IIIAnnex IX + XFull QMS + type exam

分类路径公告机构参与度
I附件II自我声明
Is/Im附件II + IX/XI无菌/计量相关方面
IIa附件II + IX或XI产品或质量管理体系
IIb附件IX + X或X + XI型式检验 + 生产环节
III附件IX + X完整质量管理体系 + 型式检验

Clinical Evidence

临床证据

Develop clinical evidence strategy per Annex XIV:
  1. Define clinical claims and endpoints
  2. Conduct systematic literature search
  3. Appraise clinical data quality
  4. Assess equivalence (technical, biological, clinical)
  5. Identify evidence gaps
  6. Determine if clinical investigation required
  7. Prepare Clinical Evaluation Report (CER)
  8. Validation: CER reviewed by qualified evaluator
依据附件XIV制定临床证据策略:
  1. 定义临床声明与终点
  2. 开展系统性文献检索
  3. 评估临床数据质量
  4. 评估等效性(技术、生物、临床)
  5. 识别证据缺口
  6. 判断是否需要开展临床研究
  7. 准备临床评估报告(CER)
  8. 验证: 临床评估报告经合格评估人员审核

Evidence Requirements by Class

按分类划分的证据要求

ClassMinimum EvidenceInvestigation
IRisk-benefit analysisNot typically required
IIaLiterature + post-marketMay be required
IIbSystematic literature reviewOften required
IIIComprehensive clinical dataRequired (Article 61)
分类最低证据要求是否需要临床研究
I收益-风险分析通常不需要
IIa文献资料 + 上市后数据可能需要
IIb系统性文献综述通常需要
III全面临床数据必须(第61条)

Clinical Evaluation Report Structure

临床评估报告结构

CER CONTENTS
├── Executive summary
├── Device scope and intended purpose
├── Clinical background (state of the art)
├── Literature search methodology
├── Data appraisal and analysis
├── Safety and performance conclusions
├── Benefit-risk determination
└── PMCF plan summary
临床评估报告内容
├── 执行摘要
├── 器械范围与预期用途
├── 临床背景(当前技术水平)
├── 文献检索方法
├── 数据评估与分析
├── 安全性与性能结论
├── 收益-风险判定
└── PMCF计划摘要

Qualified Evaluator Requirements

合格评估人员要求

  • Medical degree or equivalent healthcare qualification
  • 4+ years clinical experience in relevant field
  • Training in clinical evaluation methodology
  • Understanding of MDR requirements

  • 医学学位或同等医疗资质
  • 4年以上相关领域临床经验
  • 接受过临床评估方法培训
  • 了解MDR要求

Post-Market Surveillance

上市后监督

Establish PMS system per Chapter VII:
  1. Develop PMS plan (Article 84)
  2. Define data collection methods
  3. Establish complaint handling procedures
  4. Create vigilance reporting process
  5. Plan Periodic Safety Update Reports (PSUR)
  6. Integrate with PMCF activities
  7. Define trend analysis and signal detection
  8. Validation: PMS system audited annually
依据第七章建立上市后监督(PMS)体系:
  1. 制定PMS计划(第84条)
  2. 定义数据收集方法
  3. 建立投诉处理流程
  4. 创建警戒报告流程
  5. 规划定期安全更新报告(PSUR)
  6. 与PMCF活动整合
  7. 定义趋势分析与信号检测机制
  8. 验证: PMS体系每年接受审核

PMS System Components

PMS体系组成部分

ComponentRequirementFrequency
PMS PlanArticle 84Maintain current
PSURClass IIa and higherPer class schedule
PMCF PlanAnnex XIV Part BUpdate with CER
PMCF ReportAnnex XIV Part BAnnual (Class III)
VigilanceArticles 87-92As events occur
组成部分要求频率
PMS计划符合第84条持续更新至当前状态
PSURIIa类及以上按分类规定频率
PMCF计划附件XIV B部分随临床评估报告更新
PMCF报告附件XIV B部分每年(III类)
警戒第87-92条事件发生时立即上报

PSUR Schedule

PSUR提交频率

ClassFrequency
Class IIIAnnual
Class IIb implantableAnnual
Class IIbEvery 2 years
Class IIaWhen necessary
分类频率
III类每年
IIb类植入式每年
IIb类每2年
IIa类必要时

Serious Incident Reporting

严重事件报告时限

TimelineRequirement
2 daysSerious public health threat
10 daysDeath or serious deterioration
15 daysOther serious incidents

时限要求
2天内严重公共卫生威胁
10天内死亡或病情严重恶化
15天内其他严重事件

EUDAMED and UDI

EUDAMED与UDI

Implement UDI system per Article 27:
  1. Obtain issuing entity code (GS1, HIBCC, ICCBBA)
  2. Assign UDI-DI to each device variant
  3. Assign UDI-PI (production identifier)
  4. Apply UDI carrier to labels (AIDC + HRI)
  5. Register actor in EUDAMED
  6. Register devices in EUDAMED
  7. Upload certificates when available
  8. Validation: UDI verified on sample labels
依据第27条实施UDI体系:
  1. 获取发行机构代码(GS1、HIBCC、ICCBBA)
  2. 为每个器械变体分配UDI-DI
  3. 分配UDI-PI(生产标识符)
  4. 在标签上应用UDI载体(自动识别与数据采集 + 人工可读格式)
  5. 在EUDAMED中注册参与者
  6. 在EUDAMED中注册器械
  7. 有证书时上传证书
  8. 验证: 抽样标签上的UDI经确认

EUDAMED Modules

EUDAMED模块

ModuleContentActor
ActorCompany registrationManufacturer, AR
UDI/DeviceDevice and variant dataManufacturer
CertificatesNB certificatesNotified Body
Clinical InvestigationStudy registrationSponsor
VigilanceIncident reportsManufacturer
Market SurveillanceAuthority actionsCompetent Authority
模块内容参与者
参与者企业注册制造商、授权代表
UDI/器械器械与变体数据制造商
证书公告机构证书公告机构
临床研究研究注册申办方
警戒事件报告制造商
市场监督监管机构行动主管当局

UDI Label Requirements

UDI标签要求

Required elements per Article 13:
  • UDI-DI (device identifier)
  • UDI-PI (production identifier) for Class II+
  • AIDC format (barcode/RFID)
  • HRI format (human-readable)
  • Manufacturer name and address
  • Lot/serial number
  • Expiration date (if applicable)

依据第13条的必填要素:
  • UDI-DI(器械标识符)
  • UDI-PI(生产标识符)(II类及以上)
  • 自动识别与数据采集格式(条码/RFID)
  • 人工可读格式
  • 制造商名称与地址
  • 批号/序列号
  • 有效期(如适用)

Reference Documentation

参考文档

MDR Classification Guide

MDR分类指南

references/mdr-classification-guide.md
contains:
  • Complete Annex VIII classification rules (Rules 1-22)
  • Software classification per MDCG 2019-11
  • Worked classification examples
  • Conformity assessment route selection
references/mdr-classification-guide.md
包含:
  • 完整的附件VIII分类规则(规则1-22)
  • 依据MDCG 2019-11的软件分类
  • 分类示例详解
  • 合格评定路径选择

Clinical Evidence Requirements

临床证据要求

references/clinical-evidence-requirements.md
contains:
  • Clinical evidence framework and hierarchy
  • Literature search methodology
  • Clinical Evaluation Report structure
  • PMCF plan and evaluation report guidance
references/clinical-evidence-requirements.md
包含:
  • 临床证据框架与层级
  • 文献检索方法
  • 临床评估报告结构
  • PMCF计划与评估报告指南

Technical Documentation Templates

技术文档模板

references/technical-documentation-templates.md
contains:
  • Annex II and III content requirements
  • Design History File structure
  • GSPR compliance matrix template
  • Declaration of Conformity template
  • Notified Body submission checklist

references/technical-documentation-templates.md
包含:
  • 附件II和III的内容要求
  • 设计历史文件结构
  • GSPR合规矩阵模板
  • 符合性声明模板
  • 公告机构提交检查表

Tools

工具

MDR Gap Analyzer

MDR差距分析工具

bash
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Quick gap analysis

快速差距分析

python scripts/mdr_gap_analyzer.py --device "Device Name" --class IIa
python scripts/mdr_gap_analyzer.py --device "器械名称" --class IIa

JSON output for integration

生成JSON格式输出用于集成

python scripts/mdr_gap_analyzer.py --device "Device Name" --class III --output json
python scripts/mdr_gap_analyzer.py --device "器械名称" --class III --output json

Interactive assessment

交互式评估

python scripts/mdr_gap_analyzer.py --interactive

Analyzes device against MDR requirements, identifies compliance gaps, generates prioritized recommendations.

**Output includes:**
- Requirements checklist by category
- Gap identification with priorities
- Critical gap highlighting
- Compliance roadmap recommendations

---
python scripts/mdr_gap_analyzer.py --interactive

该工具可分析器械是否符合MDR要求,识别合规差距,生成优先级建议。

**输出内容包括:**
- 按类别划分的要求检查表
- 带优先级的差距识别
- 关键差距高亮
- 合规路线图建议

---

Notified Body Interface

公告机构对接

Selection Criteria

选择标准

FactorConsiderations
Designation scopeCovers your device type
CapacityTimeline for initial audit
Geographic reachMarkets you need to access
Technical expertiseExperience with your technology
Fee structureTransparency, predictability
因素考量点
授权范围覆盖您的器械类型
处理能力首次审核的时间线
地域覆盖您需要进入的市场
技术专长具备您所在技术领域的经验
费用结构透明、可预测

Pre-Submission Checklist

提交前检查表

  • Technical documentation complete
  • GSPR matrix fully addressed
  • Risk management file current
  • Clinical evaluation report complete
  • QMS (ISO 13485) certified
  • Labeling and IFU finalized
  • Validation: Internal gap assessment complete
  • 技术文档完整
  • GSPR矩阵已全面覆盖
  • 风险管理文件为最新版本
  • 临床评估报告完整
  • 质量管理体系(ISO 13485)已认证
  • 标签与使用说明书已定稿
  • 验证: 内部差距评估已完成