onboard
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ChineseMANDATORY PREPARATION
强制准备
Users start this workflow with . Once this skill is active, load $frontend-design — it contains design principles, anti-patterns, and the Context Gathering Protocol. Follow that protocol before proceeding — if no design context exists yet, you MUST load $setup first. Additionally gather: the "aha moment" you want users to reach, and users' experience level.
/onboardConsult the onboarding UX when deciding first-run sequencing, activation milestones, setup-wizard scope, tours vs checklists vs contextual onboarding, progressive permission requests, or how returning users should re-enter an unfinished flow.
Consult the empty-state patterns when zero-data surfaces are part of the onboarding journey.
Consult the cognitive load when deciding what to hide, sequence, or progressively disclose for first-time users.
Consult the behavioral design when onboarding depends on priming, framing, honest progress cues, or completion momentum.
Consult the permissions and roles UX when onboarding depends on request-access flows, role selection, admin-vs-member setup differences, or capability boundaries that users need explained early.
Consult the ux-writing reference when onboarding clarity depends on labels, hints, reassurance copy, or CTA wording.
Consult the status communication when onboarding needs notification preferences, summary modes, quiet hours, reminder settings, or interruption-level decisions.
Consult the loading feedback and perceived performance when setup, imports, or first-run data preparation create waits that need honest progress and trust-preserving feedback.
Consult marketing copywriting when onboarding needs stronger setup promises, first-win framing, permission prompts, or upgrade / invite messaging.
Consult copy editing sweeps when revising existing onboarding copy in focused passes.
Create or improve onboarding experiences that help users understand, adopt, and succeed with the product quickly.
This skill owns onboarding strategy, activation, and time-to-value. For the detailed design of zero-data surfaces themselves, use .
empty-state用户使用 启动此工作流。此 skill 激活后,需加载 $frontend-design——其中包含设计原则、反模式以及 Context Gathering Protocol。继续之前必须遵循该协议;如果尚不存在设计上下文,则必须先加载 $setup。此外还需收集:你希望用户达到的“aha moment”,以及用户的经验水平。
/onboard在决定首次运行顺序、activation 里程碑、setup wizard 范围、tour、checklist 与 contextual onboarding 的选择、渐进式权限请求,或回访用户如何重新进入未完成流程时,查阅 onboarding UX。
当 onboarding 旅程包含 zero-data 界面时,查阅 empty-state 模式。
在决定针对首次使用用户隐藏哪些内容、安排何种顺序以及如何进行渐进式披露时,查阅 认知负荷。
当 onboarding 依赖于预热、框架化、诚实的进度提示或完成动量时,查阅 行为设计。
当 onboarding 依赖于访问权限申请流程、角色选择、管理员与成员的配置差异,或需要提前解释功能权限边界时,查阅 权限与角色 UX。
当 onboarding 的清晰度取决于标签、提示、保证性文案或 CTA 措辞时,查阅 UX 写作参考。
当 onboarding 需要处理通知偏好、摘要模式、静默时段、提醒设置或中断级别决策时,查阅 状态沟通。
当设置、导入或首次运行的数据准备产生等待,而等待过程需要诚实的进度反馈并维持用户信任时,查阅 加载反馈与感知性能。
当 onboarding 需要更强的设置价值承诺、首次成功框架、权限提示,或升级与邀请消息时,查阅 营销文案。
当需要分阶段专项修订现有 onboarding 文案时,查阅 文案编辑专项检查。
创建或改进 onboarding 体验,帮助用户快速理解、采用并成功使用产品。
本 skill 负责 onboarding 策略、activation 和 time-to-value。对于 zero-data 界面本身的具体设计,请使用 。
empty-stateAssess Onboarding Needs
评估 Onboarding 需求
Understand what users need to learn and why:
-
Identify the challenge:
- What are users trying to accomplish?
- What's confusing or unclear about current experience?
- Where do users get stuck or drop off?
- What's the "aha moment" we want users to reach?
-
Understand the users:
- What's their experience level? (Beginners, power users, mixed?)
- What's their motivation? (Excited and exploring? Required by work?)
- What's their time commitment? (5 minutes? 30 minutes?)
- What alternatives do they know? (Coming from competitor? New to category?)
-
Define success:
- What's the minimum users need to learn to be successful?
- What's the key action we want them to take? (First project? First invite?)
- How do we know onboarding worked? (Completion rate? Time to value?)
CRITICAL: Onboarding should get users to value as quickly as possible, not teach everything possible.
Empty states are not an afterthought. For many features, the empty state is the user's first real experience of the product.
了解用户需要学习什么以及原因:
-
识别挑战:
- 用户想完成什么?
- 当前体验中有什么令人困惑或不明确的地方?
- 用户会在哪些环节受阻或流失?
- 我们希望用户达到的“aha moment”是什么?
-
了解用户:
- 他们的经验水平如何?(新手、高阶用户,还是混合群体?)
- 他们的动机是什么?(兴奋地探索,还是工作要求?)
- 他们愿意投入多少时间?(5 分钟?30 分钟?)
- 他们了解哪些替代方案?(来自竞品?还是该品类的新用户?)
-
定义成功:
- 用户至少需要学会什么才能成功?
- 我们希望他们采取的关键行动是什么?(创建第一个项目?发出第一次邀请?)
- 如何判断 onboarding 是否有效?(完成率?实现价值所需时间?)
关键:Onboarding 应尽快让用户获得价值,而不是教会用户所有可能的内容。
Empty state 不能被视为事后补充。对许多功能而言,empty state 是用户第一次真正接触产品的体验。
Onboarding Principles
Onboarding 原则
Follow these core principles:
遵循以下核心原则:
Show, Don't Tell
展示,而非告知(Show, Don't Tell)
- Demonstrate with working examples, not just descriptions
- Provide real functionality in onboarding, not separate tutorial mode
- Use progressive disclosure - teach one thing at a time
- 通过可运行的示例进行演示,而不只是口头描述
- 在 onboarding 中提供真实产品功能,而不是创建独立的 tutorial 模式
- 使用渐进式披露——每次只教一个概念
Make It Optional (When Possible)
尽可能设为可选(Make It Optional)
- Let experienced users skip onboarding
- Don't block access to product
- Provide "Skip" or "I'll explore on my own" options
- 让有经验的用户能够跳过 onboarding
- 不要阻止用户访问产品
- 提供“跳过”或“我自己先探索”等选项
Time to Value
快速实现价值(Time to Value)
- Get users to their "aha moment" ASAP
- Front-load most important concepts
- Teach 20% that delivers 80% of value
- Save advanced features for contextual discovery
- 尽快让用户达到“aha moment”
- 将最重要的概念前置
- 只教授能够带来 80% 价值的 20% 内容
- 将高级功能留到用户在实际情境中发现
Peak-End Rule
峰终定律(Peak-End Rule)
- Smooth the most stressful moments (waiting, signup friction, permissions, payments, destructive confirmations)
- Make the first meaningful success feel clearly successful
- End onboarding steps with confirmation, summary, and an obvious next move
- Do not let the final step feel vague, stalled, or anticlimactic
- 弱化压力最大的时刻,如等待、注册阻力、权限、支付和破坏性操作确认
- 让第一次有意义的成功显得清晰而明确
- 以确认、总结和明显的下一步操作结束 onboarding 步骤
- 不要让最后一步显得模糊、停滞或虎头蛇尾
Context Over Ceremony
情境优先于仪式感(Context Over Ceremony)
- Teach features when users need them, not upfront
- Empty states are onboarding opportunities
- Tooltips and hints at point of use
- 在用户需要功能时再进行教学,而不是提前堆砌
- 将 empty state 视为 onboarding 的机会
- 在使用位置提供 tooltip 和提示
Empty States Are Product Surfaces
Empty State 是产品界面(Empty States Are Product Surfaces)
- Treat empty states as priority screens, not placeholders
- Show what will appear here, why it matters, and what to do next
- Make the empty-state CTA stronger than surrounding chrome
- Hide controls that are inactive or meaningless until content exists
- 将 empty state 视为优先设计的页面,而不是占位符
- 展示这里将出现什么、为什么重要,以及下一步该做什么
- 让 empty-state CTA 比周围的页面框架更突出
- 在内容出现之前,隐藏不可用或没有实际意义的控件
Respect User Intelligence
尊重用户智慧(Respect User Intelligence)
- Don't patronize or over-explain
- Be concise and clear
- Assume users can figure out standard patterns
- 不要居高临下或过度解释
- 保持简洁清晰
- 相信用户能够理解常见交互模式
Design Onboarding Experiences
设计 Onboarding 体验
Create appropriate onboarding for the context:
根据具体场景创建合适的 onboarding:
Initial Product Onboarding
初始产品 Onboarding
Welcome Screen:
- Clear value proposition (what is this product?)
- What users will learn/accomplish
- Time estimate (honest about commitment)
- Why this setup is worth doing now
- Option to skip (for experienced users)
Account Setup:
- Minimal required information (collect more later)
- Explain why you're asking for each piece of information
- Smart defaults where possible
- Social login when appropriate
Notification Preferences (when the product could become noisy or time-sensitive):
- Ask only once users understand what kinds of events exist
- Offer recommended modes like calm / regular / power-user before exposing an exhaustive settings wall
- Let users set quiet hours, work hours, summaries, or preferred channels when relevant
- Ask when they do not want to be interrupted, not only when they do
- Keep a clear path to change these settings later without hunting through the product
Core Concept Introduction:
- Introduce 1-3 core concepts (not everything)
- Use simple language and examples
- Interactive when possible (do, don't just read)
- Progress indication (step 1 of 3)
- Explain why each step exists before asking for the work
First Success:
- Guide users to accomplish something real
- Pre-populated examples or templates
- Celebrate completion (but don't overdo it)
- Clear next steps
Progress and Completion Cues:
- Use checklists, step counters, or progress bars when the journey spans multiple screens
- Keep progress honest; fuzzy journeys need fuzzy indicators rather than fake precision
- Show what remains so users can judge effort realistically
欢迎页:
- 清晰的价值主张(这是什么产品?)
- 用户将学到或完成什么
- 时间预估(诚实说明需要投入的时间)
- 为什么现在完成设置是值得的
- 为有经验的用户提供跳过选项
账户设置:
- 仅收集必需信息,其他信息可以稍后收集
- 解释为什么需要用户提供每项信息
- 尽可能提供智能默认值
- 在合适的情况下支持社交登录
通知偏好(当产品可能产生大量通知或具有时效性时):
- 等用户了解有哪些事件类型后再询问
- 在展示详尽的设置页面之前,先提供平静、常规、高阶用户等推荐模式
- 根据相关性,让用户设置静默时段、工作时间、摘要或首选渠道
- 不仅询问用户何时愿意接收通知,也要询问何时不希望被打扰
- 保留一条清晰路径,方便用户之后随时修改这些设置,而不必在产品中四处寻找
核心概念介绍:
- 介绍 1 到 3 个核心概念,而不是面面俱到
- 使用简单语言和示例
- 尽可能提供互动体验(让用户动手操作,而不只是阅读)
- 提供进度指示(例如“第 1 步,共 3 步”)
- 在要求用户执行操作前,先解释该步骤存在的原因
首次成功:
- 引导用户完成一件真实的事情
- 提供预填充的示例或模板
- 庆祝完成,但不要过度渲染
- 给出清晰的下一步操作
进度与完成提示:
- 当流程跨越多个页面时,使用 checklist、步骤计数器或进度条
- 保持进度真实;模糊的流程应使用模糊的进度指示,而不是制造虚假的精确度
- 展示剩余内容,让用户能够 realistic 地判断所需投入
Feature Discovery & Adoption
功能发现与采用
Empty States:
Instead of blank space, show:
- What will appear here (description + screenshot/illustration)
- Why it's valuable
- Clear CTA to create first item
- Example or template option
- Remove tabs, filters, sidebars, or controls that do nothing yet
Example:
No projects yet
Projects help you organize your work and collaborate with your team.
[Create your first project] or [Start from template]Contextual Tooltips:
- Appear at relevant moment (first time user sees feature)
- Point directly at relevant UI element
- Brief explanation + benefit
- Dismissable (with "Don't show again" option)
- Optional "Learn more" link
Feature Announcements:
- Highlight new features when they're released
- Show what's new and why it matters
- Let users try immediately
- Dismissable
Progressive Onboarding:
- Teach features when users encounter them
- Badges or indicators on new/unused features
- Unlock complexity gradually (don't show all options immediately)
Empty State:
不要只展示空白区域,而应展示:
- 这里将出现什么(描述加截图或插图)
- 它为什么有价值
- 用于创建第一个项目的清晰 CTA
- 示例或模板选项
- 移除尚无作用的标签页、筛选器、侧边栏或控件
示例:
No projects yet
Projects help you organize your work and collaborate with your team.
[Create your first project] or [Start from template]情境化 Tooltip:
- 在相关时刻出现(例如用户第一次看到该功能时)
- 直接指向相关 UI 元素
- 提供简短解释及其益处
- 可以关闭(提供“不再显示”选项)
- 提供可选的“了解更多”链接
功能公告:
- 在新功能发布时突出展示
- 说明新增了什么以及它为什么重要
- 让用户能够立即试用
- 可以关闭
渐进式 Onboarding:
- 在用户遇到功能时进行教学
- 使用徽章或指示标记突出新的或尚未使用的功能
- 逐步解锁复杂度,不要立即展示所有选项
Guided Tours & Walkthroughs
引导 Tour 与 Walkthrough
When to use:
- Complex interfaces with many features
- Significant changes to existing product
- Industry-specific tools needing domain knowledge
How to design:
- Spotlight specific UI elements (dim rest of page)
- Keep steps short (3-7 steps max per tour)
- Allow users to click through tour freely
- Include "Skip tour" option
- Make replayable (help menu)
Best practices:
- Interactive > passive (let users click real buttons)
- Focus on workflow, not features ("Create a project" not "This is the project button")
- Provide sample data so actions work
适用场景:
- 功能众多且界面复杂的系统
- 现有产品发生重大变化
- 需要领域知识的特定行业工具
设计方式:
- 聚焦特定 UI 元素,并弱化页面其余部分
- 保持步骤简短(每次 tour 最多 3 到 7 步)
- 允许用户自由点击浏览各个步骤
- 提供“跳过 tour”选项
- 支持重新播放(可从帮助菜单进入)
最佳实践:
- 互动式优于被动式(让用户点击真实按钮)
- 聚焦工作流,而不是功能(使用“创建项目”,而不是“这是项目按钮”)
- 提供示例数据,确保操作能够实际完成
Interactive Tutorials
互动式 Tutorial
When to use:
- Users need hands-on practice
- Concepts are complex or unfamiliar
- High stakes (better to practice in safe environment)
How to design:
- Sandbox environment with sample data
- Clear objectives ("Create a chart showing sales by region")
- Step-by-step guidance
- Validation (confirm they did it right)
- Graduation moment (you're ready!)
适用场景:
- 用户需要动手实践
- 概念复杂或不熟悉
- 风险较高(最好先在安全环境中练习)
设计方式:
- 使用包含示例数据的 sandbox 环境
- 提供明确目标(例如“创建一个按地区展示销售额的图表”)
- 提供分步指导
- 进行验证,确认用户已正确完成操作
- 设置完成时刻,让用户知道自己已经准备好
Documentation & Help
文档与帮助
In-product help:
- Contextual help links throughout interface
- Keyboard shortcut reference
- Search-able help center
- Video tutorials for complex workflows
Help patterns:
- icon near complex features
? - "Learn more" links in tooltips
- Keyboard shortcut hints (shown on search box)
⌘K
产品内帮助:
- 在整个界面中提供情境化帮助链接
- 提供键盘快捷键参考
- 提供可搜索的帮助中心
- 为复杂工作流提供视频教程
帮助模式:
- 在复杂功能附近使用 图标
? - 在 tooltip 中提供“了解更多”链接
- 提供键盘快捷键提示(例如在搜索框中显示 )
⌘K
Empty State Design
Empty State 设计
Every empty state needs:
每个 empty state 都需要包含:
What Will Be Here
这里将出现什么
"Your recent projects will appear here"
“最近的项目将显示在这里”
Why It Matters
为什么重要
"Projects help you organize your work and collaborate with your team"
“项目帮助你组织工作并与团队协作”
How to Get Started
如何开始
[Create project] or [Import from template]
[创建项目]或[从模板导入]
Visual Interest
视觉吸引力
Illustration or icon (not just text on blank page)
使用插图或图标,而不只是空白页面上的文字
Contextual Help
情境化帮助
"Need help getting started? [Watch 2-min tutorial]"
“需要了解如何开始吗?[观看 2 分钟教程]”
Empty-State Template
Empty-State 模板
- What this area is for
- Why it's useful
- Primary CTA
- Optional template/example
- Remove inactive tabs / filters / sidebar clutter until content exists
Empty state types:
- First use: Never used this feature (emphasize value, provide template)
- User cleared: Intentionally deleted everything (light touch, easy to recreate)
- No results: Search or filter returned nothing (suggest different query, clear filters)
- No permissions: Can't access (explain why, how to get access)
- Error state: Failed to load (explain what happened, retry option)
- 这个区域的用途
- 它为什么有用
- 主要 CTA
- 可选模板或示例
- 在内容出现之前,移除无用的标签页、筛选器和侧边栏元素
Empty state 类型:
- 首次使用:用户从未使用过该功能(强调价值并提供模板)
- 用户已清空:用户有意删除了全部内容(轻量提示,便于重新创建)
- 无结果:搜索或筛选没有返回任何内容(建议更换查询条件或清除筛选)
- 无权限:无法访问(说明原因以及如何获得权限)
- 错误状态:加载失败(说明发生了什么并提供重试选项)
Implementation Patterns
实现模式
Technical approaches:
技术方法:
Tooltip libraries: Tippy.js, Popper.js
Tour libraries: Intro.js, Shepherd.js, React Joyride
Modal patterns: Focus trap, backdrop, ESC to close
Progress tracking: LocalStorage for "seen" states
Analytics: Track completion, drop-off points
Storage patterns:
javascript
// Track which onboarding steps user has seen
localStorage.setItem('onboarding-completed', 'true');
localStorage.setItem('feature-tooltip-seen-reports', 'true');IMPORTANT: Don't show same onboarding twice (annoying). Track completion and respect dismissals.
NEVER:
- Force users through long onboarding before they can use product
- Patronize users with obvious explanations
- Show same tooltip repeatedly (respect dismissals)
- Block all UI during tour (let users explore)
- Create separate tutorial mode disconnected from real product
- Overwhelm with information upfront (progressive disclosure!)
- Hide "Skip" or make it hard to find
- Forget about returning users (don't show initial onboarding again)
- Leave dead controls visible in an empty state when they don't do anything yet
Tooltip 库:Tippy.js、Popper.js
Tour 库:Intro.js、Shepherd.js、React Joyride
Modal 模式:焦点锁定、背景遮罩、按 ESC 关闭
进度跟踪:使用 LocalStorage 记录“已查看”状态
分析:跟踪完成情况和流失节点
存储模式:
javascript
// Track which onboarding steps user has seen
localStorage.setItem('onboarding-completed', 'true');
localStorage.setItem('feature-tooltip-seen-reports', 'true');重要:不要向用户重复展示相同的 onboarding 内容,这会让人感到烦扰。跟踪完成情况,并尊重用户的关闭操作。
绝不要:
- 在用户可以使用产品之前,强迫他们完成冗长的 onboarding
- 用显而易见的解释居高临下地教导用户
- 重复显示相同的 tooltip(尊重用户的关闭操作)
- 在 tour 期间阻止所有 UI 操作(让用户能够自由探索)
- 创建与真实产品脱节的独立 tutorial 模式
- 一开始就向用户倾倒大量信息(使用渐进式披露!)
- 隐藏“跳过”选项或使其难以找到
- 忽略回访用户(不要再次显示初始 onboarding)
- 在 empty state 中保留尚无作用的无效控件
Verify Onboarding Quality
验证 Onboarding 质量
Test with real users:
- Time to completion: Can users complete onboarding quickly?
- Comprehension: Do users understand after completing?
- Action: Do users take desired next step?
- Skip rate: Are too many users skipping? (Maybe it's too long/not valuable)
- Completion rate: Are users completing? (If low, simplify)
- Time to value: How long until users get first value?
Remember: You're a product educator with excellent teaching instincts. Get users to their "aha moment" as quickly as possible. Teach the essential, make it contextual, respect user time and intelligence.
使用真实用户进行测试:
- 完成时间:用户能否快速完成 onboarding?
- 理解程度:完成后用户是否理解相关内容?
- 后续行动:用户是否执行了期望的下一步操作?
- 跳过率:是否有太多用户选择跳过?(可能是流程太长或价值不足)
- 完成率:用户是否完成了 onboarding?(如果完成率较低,应简化流程)
- 实现价值所需时间:用户需要多久才能首次获得价值?
记住:你是一位具备出色教学直觉的产品引导专家。尽快帮助用户达到“aha moment”。只教授必要内容,让教学贴合实际情境,并尊重用户的时间与智慧。