synthetic-monitoring

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🇨🇳

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Synthetic Monitoring

合成监控

Overview

概述

Set up synthetic monitoring to automatically simulate real user journeys, API workflows, and critical business transactions to detect issues and validate performance.

设置合成监控，自动模拟真实用户旅程、API工作流和关键业务交易，以检测问题并验证性能。

When to Use

适用场景

End-to-end workflow validation
API flow testing
User journey simulation
Transaction monitoring
Critical path validation

端到端工作流验证
API流程测试
用户旅程模拟
交易监控
关键路径验证

Instructions

操作步骤

1. Synthetic Tests with Playwright

1. 使用Playwright进行合成测试

javascript

// synthetic-tests.js
const { chromium } = require('playwright');

class SyntheticMonitor {
  constructor(config = {}) {
    this.baseUrl = config.baseUrl || 'https://app.example.com';
    this.timeout = config.timeout || 30000;
  }

  async testUserFlow() {
    const browser = await chromium.launch();
    const page = await browser.newPage();
    const metrics = { steps: {} };
    const startTime = Date.now();

    try {
      // Step 1: Navigate to login
      let stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.goto(`${this.baseUrl}/login`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.navigation = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 2: Perform login
      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.fill('input[name="email"]', 'test@example.com');
      await page.fill('input[name="password"]', 'password123');
      await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
      await page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.login = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 3: Navigate to dashboard
      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.goto(`${this.baseUrl}/dashboard`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.dashboard = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 4: Search for products
      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.fill('input[placeholder="Search products"]', 'laptop');
      await page.waitForSelector('.product-list');
      metrics.steps.search = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 5: Add to cart
      stepStart = Date.now();
      const firstProduct = await page.$('.product-item');
      if (firstProduct) {
        await firstProduct.click();
        await page.click('button:has-text("Add to Cart")');
        await page.waitForSelector('[data-testid="cart-count"]');
      }
      metrics.steps.addToCart = Date.now() - stepStart;

      metrics.totalTime = Date.now() - startTime;
      metrics.status = 'success';
    } catch (error) {
      metrics.status = 'failed';
      metrics.error = error.message;
      metrics.totalTime = Date.now() - startTime;
    } finally {
      await browser.close();
    }

    return metrics;
  }

  async testMobileUserFlow() {
    const browser = await chromium.launch();
    const context = await browser.createBrowserContext({
      ...chromium.devices['iPhone 12']
    });
    const page = await context.newPage();

    try {
      const metrics = { device: 'iPhone 12', steps: {} };
      const startTime = Date.now();

      let stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.goto(this.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.navigation = Date.now() - stepStart;

      const viewport = page.viewportSize();
      metrics.viewport = viewport;

      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.click('.menu-toggle');
      await page.waitForSelector('.mobile-menu.open');
      metrics.steps.mobileInteraction = Date.now() - stepStart;

      metrics.totalTime = Date.now() - startTime;
      metrics.status = 'success';

      return metrics;
    } catch (error) {
      return { status: 'failed', error: error.message, device: 'iPhone 12' };
    } finally {
      await browser.close();
    }
  }

  async testWithPerformanceMetrics() {
    const browser = await chromium.launch();
    const page = await browser.newPage();

    try {
      await page.goto(this.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });

      const perfMetrics = JSON.parse(
        await page.evaluate(() => JSON.stringify(window.performance.timing))
      );

      const metrics = {
        navigationTiming: {
          domInteractive: perfMetrics.domInteractive - perfMetrics.navigationStart,
          domComplete: perfMetrics.domComplete - perfMetrics.navigationStart,
          loadComplete: perfMetrics.loadEventEnd - perfMetrics.navigationStart
        },
        status: 'success'
      };

      return metrics;
    } catch (error) {
      return { status: 'failed', error: error.message };
    } finally {
      await browser.close();
    }
  }

  async recordMetrics(testName, metrics) {
    try {
      await axios.post('http://monitoring-service/synthetic-results', {
        testName,
        timestamp: new Date(),
        metrics,
        passed: metrics.status === 'success'
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to record metrics:', error);
    }
  }
}

module.exports = SyntheticMonitor;

javascript

// synthetic-tests.js
const { chromium } = require('playwright');

class SyntheticMonitor {
  constructor(config = {}) {
    this.baseUrl = config.baseUrl || 'https://app.example.com';
    this.timeout = config.timeout || 30000;
  }

  async testUserFlow() {
    const browser = await chromium.launch();
    const page = await browser.newPage();
    const metrics = { steps: {} };
    const startTime = Date.now();

    try {
      // Step 1: Navigate to login
      let stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.goto(`${this.baseUrl}/login`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.navigation = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 2: Perform login
      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.fill('input[name="email"]', 'test@example.com');
      await page.fill('input[name="password"]', 'password123');
      await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
      await page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.login = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 3: Navigate to dashboard
      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.goto(`${this.baseUrl}/dashboard`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.dashboard = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 4: Search for products
      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.fill('input[placeholder="Search products"]', 'laptop');
      await page.waitForSelector('.product-list');
      metrics.steps.search = Date.now() - stepStart;

      // Step 5: Add to cart
      stepStart = Date.now();
      const firstProduct = await page.$('.product-item');
      if (firstProduct) {
        await firstProduct.click();
        await page.click('button:has-text("Add to Cart")');
        await page.waitForSelector('[data-testid="cart-count"]');
      }
      metrics.steps.addToCart = Date.now() - stepStart;

      metrics.totalTime = Date.now() - startTime;
      metrics.status = 'success';
    } catch (error) {
      metrics.status = 'failed';
      metrics.error = error.message;
      metrics.totalTime = Date.now() - startTime;
    } finally {
      await browser.close();
    }

    return metrics;
  }

  async testMobileUserFlow() {
    const browser = await chromium.launch();
    const context = await browser.createBrowserContext({
      ...chromium.devices['iPhone 12']
    });
    const page = await context.newPage();

    try {
      const metrics = { device: 'iPhone 12', steps: {} };
      const startTime = Date.now();

      let stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.goto(this.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
      metrics.steps.navigation = Date.now() - stepStart;

      const viewport = page.viewportSize();
      metrics.viewport = viewport;

      stepStart = Date.now();
      await page.click('.menu-toggle');
      await page.waitForSelector('.mobile-menu.open');
      metrics.steps.mobileInteraction = Date.now() - stepStart;

      metrics.totalTime = Date.now() - startTime;
      metrics.status = 'success';

      return metrics;
    } catch (error) {
      return { status: 'failed', error: error.message, device: 'iPhone 12' };
    } finally {
      await browser.close();
    }
  }

  async testWithPerformanceMetrics() {
    const browser = await chromium.launch();
    const page = await browser.newPage();

    try {
      await page.goto(this.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });

      const perfMetrics = JSON.parse(
        await page.evaluate(() => JSON.stringify(window.performance.timing))
      );

      const metrics = {
        navigationTiming: {
          domInteractive: perfMetrics.domInteractive - perfMetrics.navigationStart,
          domComplete: perfMetrics.domComplete - perfMetrics.navigationStart,
          loadComplete: perfMetrics.loadEventEnd - perfMetrics.navigationStart
        },
        status: 'success'
      };

      return metrics;
    } catch (error) {
      return { status: 'failed', error: error.message };
    } finally {
      await browser.close();
    }
  }

  async recordMetrics(testName, metrics) {
    try {
      await axios.post('http://monitoring-service/synthetic-results', {
        testName,
        timestamp: new Date(),
        metrics,
        passed: metrics.status === 'success'
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to record metrics:', error);
    }
  }
}

module.exports = SyntheticMonitor;

2. API Synthetic Tests

2. API合成测试

javascript

// api-synthetic-tests.js
const axios = require('axios');

class APISyntheticTests {
  constructor(config = {}) {
    this.baseUrl = config.baseUrl || 'https://api.example.com';
    this.client = axios.create({ baseURL: this.baseUrl });
  }

  async testAuthenticationFlow() {
    const results = { steps: {}, status: 'success' };

    try {
      const registerStart = Date.now();
      const registerRes = await this.client.post('/auth/register', {
        email: `test-${Date.now()}@example.com`,
        password: 'Test@123456'
      });
      results.steps.register = Date.now() - registerStart;

      if (registerRes.status !== 201) throw new Error('Registration failed');

      const loginStart = Date.now();
      const loginRes = await this.client.post('/auth/login', {
        email: registerRes.data.email,
        password: 'Test@123456'
      });
      results.steps.login = Date.now() - loginStart;

      const token = loginRes.data.token;

      const authStart = Date.now();
      await this.client.get('/api/profile', {
        headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }
      });
      results.steps.authenticatedRequest = Date.now() - authStart;

      const logoutStart = Date.now();
      await this.client.post('/auth/logout', {}, {
        headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }
      });
      results.steps.logout = Date.now() - logoutStart;

      return results;
    } catch (error) {
      results.status = 'failed';
      results.error = error.message;
      return results;
    }
  }

  async testTransactionFlow() {
    const results = { steps: {}, status: 'success' };

    try {
      const orderStart = Date.now();
      const orderRes = await this.client.post('/api/orders', {
        items: [{ sku: 'ITEM-001', quantity: 2 }]
      }, {
        headers: { 'X-Idempotency-Key': `order-${Date.now()}` }
      });
      results.steps.createOrder = Date.now() - orderStart;

      const getStart = Date.now();
      const getRes = await this.client.get(`/api/orders/${orderRes.data.id}`);
      results.steps.getOrder = Date.now() - getStart;

      const paymentStart = Date.now();
      await this.client.post(`/api/orders/${orderRes.data.id}/payment`, {
        method: 'credit_card',
        amount: getRes.data.total
      });
      results.steps.processPayment = Date.now() - paymentStart;

      return results;
    } catch (error) {
      results.status = 'failed';
      results.error = error.message;
      return results;
    }
  }

  async testUnderLoad(concurrentUsers = 10, duration = 60000) {
    const startTime = Date.now();
    const results = {
      totalRequests: 0,
      successfulRequests: 0,
      failedRequests: 0,
      averageResponseTime: 0,
      p95ResponseTime: 0
    };

    const responseTimes = [];

    const makeRequest = async () => {
      const reqStart = Date.now();
      try {
        await this.client.get('/api/health');
        results.successfulRequests++;
        responseTimes.push(Date.now() - reqStart);
      } catch {
        results.failedRequests++;
      }
      results.totalRequests++;
    };

    const userSimulations = Array(concurrentUsers).fill(null).map(async () => {
      while (Date.now() - startTime < duration) {
        await makeRequest();
        await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, Math.random() * 1000));
      }
    });

    await Promise.all(userSimulations);

    responseTimes.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    results.averageResponseTime =
      responseTimes.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / responseTimes.length;
    results.p95ResponseTime =
      responseTimes[Math.floor(responseTimes.length * 0.95)];

    return results;
  }
}

module.exports = APISyntheticTests;

javascript

// api-synthetic-tests.js
const axios = require('axios');

class APISyntheticTests {
  constructor(config = {}) {
    this.baseUrl = config.baseUrl || 'https://api.example.com';
    this.client = axios.create({ baseURL: this.baseUrl });
  }

  async testAuthenticationFlow() {
    const results = { steps: {}, status: 'success' };

    try {
      const registerStart = Date.now();
      const registerRes = await this.client.post('/auth/register', {
        email: `test-${Date.now()}@example.com`,
        password: 'Test@123456'
      });
      results.steps.register = Date.now() - registerStart;

      if (registerRes.status !== 201) throw new Error('Registration failed');

      const loginStart = Date.now();
      const loginRes = await this.client.post('/auth/login', {
        email: registerRes.data.email,
        password: 'Test@123456'
      });
      results.steps.login = Date.now() - loginStart;

      const token = loginRes.data.token;

      const authStart = Date.now();
      await this.client.get('/api/profile', {
        headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }
      });
      results.steps.authenticatedRequest = Date.now() - authStart;

      const logoutStart = Date.now();
      await this.client.post('/auth/logout', {}, {
        headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }
      });
      results.steps.logout = Date.now() - logoutStart;

      return results;
    } catch (error) {
      results.status = 'failed';
      results.error = error.message;
      return results;
    }
  }

  async testTransactionFlow() {
    const results = { steps: {}, status: 'success' };

    try {
      const orderStart = Date.now();
      const orderRes = await this.client.post('/api/orders', {
        items: [{ sku: 'ITEM-001', quantity: 2 }]
      }, {
        headers: { 'X-Idempotency-Key': `order-${Date.now()}` }
      });
      results.steps.createOrder = Date.now() - orderStart;

      const getStart = Date.now();
      const getRes = await this.client.get(`/api/orders/${orderRes.data.id}`);
      results.steps.getOrder = Date.now() - getStart;

      const paymentStart = Date.now();
      await this.client.post(`/api/orders/${orderRes.data.id}/payment`, {
        method: 'credit_card',
        amount: getRes.data.total
      });
      results.steps.processPayment = Date.now() - paymentStart;

      return results;
    } catch (error) {
      results.status = 'failed';
      results.error = error.message;
      return results;
    }
  }

  async testUnderLoad(concurrentUsers = 10, duration = 60000) {
    const startTime = Date.now();
    const results = {
      totalRequests: 0,
      successfulRequests: 0,
      failedRequests: 0,
      averageResponseTime: 0,
      p95ResponseTime: 0
    };

    const responseTimes = [];

    const makeRequest = async () => {
      const reqStart = Date.now();
      try {
        await this.client.get('/api/health');
        results.successfulRequests++;
        responseTimes.push(Date.now() - reqStart);
      } catch {
        results.failedRequests++;
      }
      results.totalRequests++;
    };

    const userSimulations = Array(concurrentUsers).fill(null).map(async () => {
      while (Date.now() - startTime < duration) {
        await makeRequest();
        await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, Math.random() * 1000));
      }
    });

    await Promise.all(userSimulations);

    responseTimes.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    results.averageResponseTime =
      responseTimes.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / responseTimes.length;
    results.p95ResponseTime =
      responseTimes[Math.floor(responseTimes.length * 0.95)];

    return results;
  }
}

module.exports = APISyntheticTests;

3. Scheduled Synthetic Monitoring

3. 定时合成监控

javascript

// scheduled-monitor.js
const cron = require('node-cron');
const SyntheticMonitor = require('./synthetic-tests');
const APISyntheticTests = require('./api-synthetic-tests');
const axios = require('axios');

class ScheduledSyntheticMonitor {
  constructor(config = {}) {
    this.eMonitor = new SyntheticMonitor(config);
    this.apiTests = new APISyntheticTests(config);
    this.alertThreshold = config.alertThreshold || 5000;
  }

  start() {
    cron.schedule('*/5 * * * *', () => this.runE2ETests());
    cron.schedule('*/2 * * * *', () => this.runAPITests());
    cron.schedule('0 * * * *', () => this.runLoadTest());
  }

  async runE2ETests() {
    try {
      const metrics = await this.eMonitor.testUserFlow();
      await this.recordResults('e2e-user-flow', metrics);

      if (metrics.totalTime > this.alertThreshold) {
        await this.sendAlert('e2e-user-flow', metrics);
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('E2E test failed:', error);
    }
  }

  async runAPITests() {
    try {
      const authMetrics = await this.apiTests.testAuthenticationFlow();
      const transactionMetrics = await this.apiTests.testTransactionFlow();

      await this.recordResults('api-auth-flow', authMetrics);
      await this.recordResults('api-transaction-flow', transactionMetrics);

      if (authMetrics.status === 'failed' || transactionMetrics.status === 'failed') {
        await this.sendAlert('api-tests', { authMetrics, transactionMetrics });
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('API test failed:', error);
    }
  }

  async runLoadTest() {
    try {
      const results = await this.apiTests.testUnderLoad(10, 30000);
      await this.recordResults('load-test', results);

      if (results.failedRequests > 0) {
        await this.sendAlert('load-test', results);
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Load test failed:', error);
    }
  }

  async recordResults(testName, metrics) {
    try {
      await axios.post('http://monitoring-service/synthetic-results', {
        testName,
        timestamp: new Date(),
        metrics
      });
      console.log(`Recorded: ${testName}`, metrics);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to record results:', error);
    }
  }

  async sendAlert(testName, metrics) {
    try {
      await axios.post('http://alerting-service/alerts', {
        type: 'synthetic_monitoring',
        testName,
        severity: 'warning',
        message: `Synthetic test '${testName}' has issues`,
        metrics,
        timestamp: new Date()
      });
      console.log(`Alert sent for ${testName}`);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to send alert:', error);
    }
  }
}

module.exports = ScheduledSyntheticMonitor;

javascript

// scheduled-monitor.js
const cron = require('node-cron');
const SyntheticMonitor = require('./synthetic-tests');
const APISyntheticTests = require('./api-synthetic-tests');
const axios = require('axios');

class ScheduledSyntheticMonitor {
  constructor(config = {}) {
    this.eMonitor = new SyntheticMonitor(config);
    this.apiTests = new APISyntheticTests(config);
    this.alertThreshold = config.alertThreshold || 5000;
  }

  start() {
    cron.schedule('*/5 * * * *', () => this.runE2ETests());
    cron.schedule('*/2 * * * *', () => this.runAPITests());
    cron.schedule('0 * * * *', () => this.runLoadTest());
  }

  async runE2ETests() {
    try {
      const metrics = await this.eMonitor.testUserFlow();
      await this.recordResults('e2e-user-flow', metrics);

      if (metrics.totalTime > this.alertThreshold) {
        await this.sendAlert('e2e-user-flow', metrics);
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('E2E test failed:', error);
    }
  }

  async runAPITests() {
    try {
      const authMetrics = await this.apiTests.testAuthenticationFlow();
      const transactionMetrics = await this.apiTests.testTransactionFlow();

      await this.recordResults('api-auth-flow', authMetrics);
      await this.recordResults('api-transaction-flow', transactionMetrics);

      if (authMetrics.status === 'failed' || transactionMetrics.status === 'failed') {
        await this.sendAlert('api-tests', { authMetrics, transactionMetrics });
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('API test failed:', error);
    }
  }

  async runLoadTest() {
    try {
      const results = await this.apiTests.testUnderLoad(10, 30000);
      await this.recordResults('load-test', results);

      if (results.failedRequests > 0) {
        await this.sendAlert('load-test', results);
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Load test failed:', error);
    }
  }

  async recordResults(testName, metrics) {
    try {
      await axios.post('http://monitoring-service/synthetic-results', {
        testName,
        timestamp: new Date(),
        metrics
      });
      console.log(`Recorded: ${testName}`, metrics);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to record results:', error);
    }
  }

  async sendAlert(testName, metrics) {
    try {
      await axios.post('http://alerting-service/alerts', {
        type: 'synthetic_monitoring',
        testName,
        severity: 'warning',
        message: `Synthetic test '${testName}' has issues`,
        metrics,
        timestamp: new Date()
      });
      console.log(`Alert sent for ${testName}`);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to send alert:', error);
    }
  }
}

module.exports = ScheduledSyntheticMonitor;

Best Practices

最佳实践

✅ DO

✅ 建议

Test critical user journeys
Simulate real browser conditions
Monitor from multiple locations
Track response times
Alert on test failures
Rotate test data
Test mobile and desktop
Include error scenarios

测试关键用户旅程
模拟真实浏览器环境
从多个位置进行监控
跟踪响应时间
测试失败时触发告警
轮换测试数据
测试移动端和桌面端
包含错误场景

❌ DON'T

❌ 避免

Test with production data
Reuse test accounts
Skip timeout configurations
Ignore test maintenance
Test too frequently
Hard-code credentials
Ignore geographic variations
Test only happy paths

使用生产数据进行测试
重复使用测试账号
跳过超时配置
忽略测试维护
测试过于频繁
硬编码凭证
忽略地域差异
仅测试正常路径

Key Metrics

核心指标

Response time
Success rate
Availability
Core Web Vitals
Error rate

响应时间
成功率
可用性
核心Web指标（Core Web Vitals）
错误率