mobile-app-testing

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Mobile App Testing

移动应用测试

Overview

概述

Implement comprehensive testing strategies for mobile applications including unit tests, UI tests, integration tests, and performance testing.

为移动应用实施全面的测试策略，包括单元测试、UI测试、集成测试和性能测试。

When to Use

适用场景

Creating reliable mobile applications with test coverage
Automating UI testing across iOS and Android
Performance testing and optimization
Integration testing with backend services
Regression testing before releases

开发具备测试覆盖率的可靠移动应用
跨iOS和Android自动化UI测试
性能测试与优化
与后端服务的集成测试
发布前的回归测试

Instructions

操作指南

1. React Native Testing with Jest & Detox

1. 使用Jest & Detox进行React Native测试

javascript

// Unit test with Jest
import { calculate } from '../utils/math';

describe('Math utilities', () => {
  test('should add two numbers', () => {
    expect(calculate.add(2, 3)).toBe(5);
  });

  test('should handle negative numbers', () => {
    expect(calculate.add(-2, 3)).toBe(1);
  });
});

// Component unit test
import React from 'react';
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import { UserProfile } from '../components/UserProfile';

describe('UserProfile Component', () => {
  test('renders user name correctly', () => {
    const mockUser = { id: '1', name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' };
    render(<UserProfile user={mockUser} />);

    expect(screen.getByText('John Doe')).toBeTruthy();
  });

  test('handles missing user gracefully', () => {
    render(<UserProfile user={null} />);
    expect(screen.getByText(/no user data/i)).toBeTruthy();
  });
});

// E2E Testing with Detox
describe('Login Flow E2E Test', () => {
  beforeAll(async () => {
    await device.launchApp();
  });

  beforeEach(async () => {
    await device.reloadReactNative();
  });

  it('should login successfully with valid credentials', async () => {
    await waitFor(element(by.id('emailInput')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(5000);

    await element(by.id('emailInput')).typeText('user@example.com');
    await element(by.id('passwordInput')).typeText('password123');
    await element(by.id('loginButton')).multiTap();

    await waitFor(element(by.text('Home Feed')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(5000);
  });

  it('should show error with invalid credentials', async () => {
    await element(by.id('emailInput')).typeText('invalid@example.com');
    await element(by.id('passwordInput')).typeText('wrongpass');
    await element(by.id('loginButton')).multiTap();

    await waitFor(element(by.text(/invalid credentials/i)))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(5000);
  });

  it('should navigate between tabs', async () => {
    await element(by.id('profileTab')).tap();
    await waitFor(element(by.text('Profile')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(2000);

    await element(by.id('homeTab')).tap();
    await waitFor(element(by.text('Home Feed')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(2000);
  });
});

javascript

// Unit test with Jest
import { calculate } from '../utils/math';

describe('Math utilities', () => {
  test('should add two numbers', () => {
    expect(calculate.add(2, 3)).toBe(5);
  });

  test('should handle negative numbers', () => {
    expect(calculate.add(-2, 3)).toBe(1);
  });
});

// Component unit test
import React from 'react';
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import { UserProfile } from '../components/UserProfile';

describe('UserProfile Component', () => {
  test('renders user name correctly', () => {
    const mockUser = { id: '1', name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' };
    render(<UserProfile user={mockUser} />);

    expect(screen.getByText('John Doe')).toBeTruthy();
  });

  test('handles missing user gracefully', () => {
    render(<UserProfile user={null} />);
    expect(screen.getByText(/no user data/i)).toBeTruthy();
  });
});

// E2E Testing with Detox
describe('Login Flow E2E Test', () => {
  beforeAll(async () => {
    await device.launchApp();
  });

  beforeEach(async () => {
    await device.reloadReactNative();
  });

  it('should login successfully with valid credentials', async () => {
    await waitFor(element(by.id('emailInput')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(5000);

    await element(by.id('emailInput')).typeText('user@example.com');
    await element(by.id('passwordInput')).typeText('password123');
    await element(by.id('loginButton')).multiTap();

    await waitFor(element(by.text('Home Feed')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(5000);
  });

  it('should show error with invalid credentials', async () => {
    await element(by.id('emailInput')).typeText('invalid@example.com');
    await element(by.id('passwordInput')).typeText('wrongpass');
    await element(by.id('loginButton')).multiTap();

    await waitFor(element(by.text(/invalid credentials/i)))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(5000);
  });

  it('should navigate between tabs', async () => {
    await element(by.id('profileTab')).tap();
    await waitFor(element(by.text('Profile')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(2000);

    await element(by.id('homeTab')).tap();
    await waitFor(element(by.text('Home Feed')))
      .toBeVisible()
      .withTimeout(2000);
  });
});

2. iOS Testing with XCTest

2. 使用XCTest进行iOS测试

swift

import XCTest
@testable import MyApp

class UserViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
  var viewModel: UserViewModel!
  var mockNetworkService: MockNetworkService!

  override func setUp() {
    super.setUp()
    mockNetworkService = MockNetworkService()
    viewModel = UserViewModel(networkService: mockNetworkService)
  }

  func testFetchUserSuccess() async {
    let expectedUser = User(id: UUID(), name: "John", email: "john@example.com")
    mockNetworkService.mockUser = expectedUser

    await viewModel.fetchUser(id: expectedUser.id)

    XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.user?.name, "John")
    XCTAssertNil(viewModel.errorMessage)
    XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoading)
  }

  func testFetchUserFailure() async {
    mockNetworkService.shouldFail = true

    await viewModel.fetchUser(id: UUID())

    XCTAssertNil(viewModel.user)
    XCTAssertNotNil(viewModel.errorMessage)
    XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoading)
  }
}

class MockNetworkService: NetworkService {
  var mockUser: User?
  var shouldFail = false

  override func fetch<T: Decodable>(
    _: T.Type,
    from endpoint: String
  ) async throws -> T {
    if shouldFail {
      throw NetworkError.unknown
    }
    return mockUser as! T
  }
}

// UI Test
class LoginUITests: XCTestCase {
  override func setUp() {
    super.setUp()
    continueAfterFailure = false
    XCUIApplication().launch()
  }

  func testLoginFlow() {
    let app = XCUIApplication()

    let emailTextField = app.textFields["emailInput"]
    let passwordTextField = app.secureTextFields["passwordInput"]
    let loginButton = app.buttons["loginButton"]

    emailTextField.tap()
    emailTextField.typeText("user@example.com")

    passwordTextField.tap()
    passwordTextField.typeText("password123")

    loginButton.tap()

    let homeText = app.staticTexts["Home Feed"]
    XCTAssertTrue(homeText.waitForExistence(timeout: 5))
  }

  func testNavigationBetweenTabs() {
    let app = XCUIApplication()
    let profileTab = app.tabBars.buttons["Profile"]
    let homeTab = app.tabBars.buttons["Home"]

    profileTab.tap()
    XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Profile"].exists)

    homeTab.tap()
    XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Home"].exists)
  }
}

swift

import XCTest
@testable import MyApp

class UserViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
  var viewModel: UserViewModel!
  var mockNetworkService: MockNetworkService!

  override func setUp() {
    super.setUp()
    mockNetworkService = MockNetworkService()
    viewModel = UserViewModel(networkService: mockNetworkService)
  }

  func testFetchUserSuccess() async {
    let expectedUser = User(id: UUID(), name: "John", email: "john@example.com")
    mockNetworkService.mockUser = expectedUser

    await viewModel.fetchUser(id: expectedUser.id)

    XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.user?.name, "John")
    XCTAssertNil(viewModel.errorMessage)
    XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoading)
  }

  func testFetchUserFailure() async {
    mockNetworkService.shouldFail = true

    await viewModel.fetchUser(id: UUID())

    XCTAssertNil(viewModel.user)
    XCTAssertNotNil(viewModel.errorMessage)
    XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoading)
  }
}

class MockNetworkService: NetworkService {
  var mockUser: User?
  var shouldFail = false

  override func fetch<T: Decodable>(
    _: T.Type,
    from endpoint: String
  ) async throws -> T {
    if shouldFail {
      throw NetworkError.unknown
    }
    return mockUser as! T
  }
}

// UI Test
class LoginUITests: XCTestCase {
  override func setUp() {
    super.setUp()
    continueAfterFailure = false
    XCUIApplication().launch()
  }

  func testLoginFlow() {
    let app = XCUIApplication()

    let emailTextField = app.textFields["emailInput"]
    let passwordTextField = app.secureTextFields["passwordInput"]
    let loginButton = app.buttons["loginButton"]

    emailTextField.tap()
    emailTextField.typeText("user@example.com")

    passwordTextField.tap()
    passwordTextField.typeText("password123")

    loginButton.tap()

    let homeText = app.staticTexts["Home Feed"]
    XCTAssertTrue(homeText.waitForExistence(timeout: 5))
  }

  func testNavigationBetweenTabs() {
    let app = XCUIApplication()
    let profileTab = app.tabBars.buttons["Profile"]
    let homeTab = app.tabBars.buttons["Home"]

    profileTab.tap()
    XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Profile"].exists)

    homeTab.tap()
    XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Home"].exists)
  }
}

3. Android Testing with Espresso

3. 使用Espresso进行Android测试

kotlin

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class UserViewModelTest {
  private lateinit var viewModel: UserViewModel
  private val mockApiService = mock<ApiService>()

  @Before
  fun setUp() {
    viewModel = UserViewModel(mockApiService)
  }

  @Test
  fun fetchUserSuccess() = runTest {
    val expectedUser = User("1", "John", "john@example.com")
    `when`(mockApiService.getUser("1")).thenReturn(expectedUser)

    viewModel.fetchUser("1")

    assertEquals(expectedUser.name, viewModel.user.value?.name)
    assertEquals(null, viewModel.errorMessage.value)
  }

  @Test
  fun fetchUserFailure() = runTest {
    `when`(mockApiService.getUser("1"))
      .thenThrow(IOException("Network error"))

    viewModel.fetchUser("1")

    assertEquals(null, viewModel.user.value)
    assertNotNull(viewModel.errorMessage.value)
  }
}

// UI Test with Espresso
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class LoginActivityTest {
  @get:Rule
  val activityRule = ActivityScenarioRule(LoginActivity::class.java)

  @Test
  fun testLoginWithValidCredentials() {
    onView(withId(R.id.emailInput))
      .perform(typeText("user@example.com"))

    onView(withId(R.id.passwordInput))
      .perform(typeText("password123"))

    onView(withId(R.id.loginButton))
      .perform(click())

    onView(withText("Home"))
      .check(matches(isDisplayed()))
  }

  @Test
  fun testLoginWithInvalidCredentials() {
    onView(withId(R.id.emailInput))
      .perform(typeText("invalid@example.com"))

    onView(withId(R.id.passwordInput))
      .perform(typeText("wrongpassword"))

    onView(withId(R.id.loginButton))
      .perform(click())

    onView(withText(containsString("Invalid credentials")))
      .check(matches(isDisplayed()))
  }

  @Test
  fun testNavigationBetweenTabs() {
    onView(withId(R.id.profileTab)).perform(click())
    onView(withText("Profile")).check(matches(isDisplayed()))

    onView(withId(R.id.homeTab)).perform(click())
    onView(withText("Home")).check(matches(isDisplayed()))
  }
}

kotlin

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class UserViewModelTest {
  private lateinit var viewModel: UserViewModel
  private val mockApiService = mock<ApiService>()

  @Before
  fun setUp() {
    viewModel = UserViewModel(mockApiService)
  }

  @Test
  fun fetchUserSuccess() = runTest {
    let expectedUser = User("1", "John", "john@example.com")
    `when`(mockApiService.getUser("1")).thenReturn(expectedUser)

    viewModel.fetchUser("1")

    assertEquals(expectedUser.name, viewModel.user.value?.name)
    assertEquals(null, viewModel.errorMessage.value)
  }

  @Test
  fun fetchUserFailure() = runTest {
    `when`(mockApiService.getUser("1"))
      .thenThrow(IOException("Network error"))

    viewModel.fetchUser("1")

    assertEquals(null, viewModel.user.value)
    assertNotNull(viewModel.errorMessage.value)
  }
}

// UI Test with Espresso
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class LoginActivityTest {
  @get:Rule
  val activityRule = ActivityScenarioRule(LoginActivity::class.java)

  @Test
  fun testLoginWithValidCredentials() {
    onView(withId(R.id.emailInput))
      .perform(typeText("user@example.com"))

    onView(withId(R.id.passwordInput))
      .perform(typeText("password123"))

    onView(withId(R.id.loginButton))
      .perform(click())

    onView(withText("Home"))
      .check(matches(isDisplayed()))
  }

  @Test
  fun testLoginWithInvalidCredentials() {
    onView(withId(R.id.emailInput))
      .perform(typeText("invalid@example.com"))

    onView(withId(R.id.passwordInput))
      .perform(typeText("wrongpassword"))

    onView(withId(R.id.loginButton))
      .perform(click())

    onView(withText(containsString("Invalid credentials")))
      .check(matches(isDisplayed()))
  }

  @Test
  fun testNavigationBetweenTabs() {
    onView(withId(R.id.profileTab)).perform(click())
    onView(withText("Profile")).check(matches(isDisplayed()))

    onView(withId(R.id.homeTab)).perform(click())
    onView(withText("Home")).check(matches(isDisplayed()))
  }
}

4. Performance Testing

4. 性能测试

swift

import XCTest

class PerformanceTests: XCTestCase {
  func testListRenderingPerformance() {
    let viewModel = ItemsViewModel()
    viewModel.items = (0..<1000).map { i in
      Item(id: UUID(), title: "Item \(i)", price: Double(i))
    }

    measure {
      _ = viewModel.items.filter { $0.price > 50 }
    }
  }

  func testNetworkResponseTime() {
    let networkService = NetworkService()

    measure {
      let expectation = XCTestExpectation(description: "Fetch user")

      Task {
        do {
          _ = try await networkService.fetch(User.self, from: "/users/test")
          expectation.fulfill()
        } catch {
          XCTFail("Network request failed")
        }
      }

      wait(for: [expectation], timeout: 10)
    }
  }
}

swift

import XCTest

class PerformanceTests: XCTestCase {
  func testListRenderingPerformance() {
    let viewModel = ItemsViewModel()
    viewModel.items = (0..<1000).map { i in
      Item(id: UUID(), title: "Item \(i)", price: Double(i))
    }

    measure {
      _ = viewModel.items.filter { $0.price > 50 }
    }
  }

  func testNetworkResponseTime() {
    let networkService = NetworkService()

    measure {
      let expectation = XCTestExpectation(description: "Fetch user")

      Task {
        do {
          _ = try await networkService.fetch(User.self, from: "/users/test")
          expectation.fulfill()
        } catch {
          XCTFail("Network request failed")
        }
      }

      wait(for: [expectation], timeout: 10)
    }
  }
}

Best Practices

最佳实践

✅ DO

✅ 建议

Write tests for business logic first
Use dependency injection for testability
Mock external API calls
Test both success and failure paths
Automate UI testing for critical flows
Run tests on real devices
Measure performance on target devices
Keep tests isolated and independent
Use meaningful test names
Maintain >80% code coverage

优先为业务逻辑编写测试
使用依赖注入提升可测试性
模拟外部API调用
测试成功和失败场景
自动化关键流程的UI测试
在真实设备上运行测试
在目标设备上衡量性能
保持测试的独立性与隔离性
使用有意义的测试名称
维持代码覆盖率>80%

❌ DON'T

❌ 避免

Skip testing UI-critical flows
Use hardcoded test data
Ignore performance regressions
Test implementation details
Make tests flaky or unreliable
Skip testing on actual devices
Ignore accessibility testing
Create interdependent tests
Test without mocking APIs
Deploy untested code

跳过UI关键流程的测试
使用硬编码的测试数据
忽略性能回归问题
测试实现细节
编写不稳定或不可靠的测试
跳过在真实设备上的测试
忽略可访问性测试
创建相互依赖的测试
不模拟API就进行测试
部署未测试的代码