cloud-migration-planning

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Cloud Migration Planning

云迁移规划

Overview

概述

Cloud migration planning involves assessing current infrastructure, designing migration strategies, executing migrations with minimal downtime, and validating outcomes. Support lift-and-shift, replatforming, and refactoring approaches for smooth cloud adoption.
云迁移规划包括评估当前基础设施、设计迁移策略、以最少停机时间执行迁移以及验证结果。支持lift-and-shift(直接迁移)、replatforming(平台优化迁移)和refactoring(架构重构)方法,以实现顺畅的云平台采用。

When to Use

适用场景

  • Moving from on-premises to cloud
  • Cloud platform consolidation
  • Legacy system modernization
  • Reducing data center costs
  • Improving scalability and availability
  • Meeting compliance requirements
  • Disaster recovery enhancement
  • Technology refresh initiatives
  • 从本地环境迁移到云平台
  • 云平台整合
  • 遗留系统现代化
  • 降低数据中心成本
  • 提升可扩展性和可用性
  • 满足合规要求
  • 增强灾难恢复能力
  • 技术更新计划

Implementation Examples

实施示例

1. Migration Assessment and Planning

1. 迁移评估与规划

python
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python
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Cloud migration assessment tool

Cloud migration assessment tool

from enum import Enum from typing import Dict, List, Tuple from dataclasses import dataclass
class MigrationStrategy(Enum): LIFT_AND_SHIFT = "lift_and_shift" # Rehost REPLATFORM = "replatform" # Rehost with optimizations REFACTOR = "refactor" # Rebuild for cloud REPURCHASE = "repurchase" # Switch to SaaS RETIRE = "retire" # Decommission
class ApplicationComplexity(Enum): LOW = 1 MEDIUM = 2 HIGH = 3
@dataclass class ApplicationAssessment: name: str complexity: ApplicationComplexity dependencies: List[str] estimated_effort: int # days business_criticality: int # 1-10 current_costs: float # annual cloud_costs_estimate: float # annual
class CloudMigrationPlanner: def init(self): self.applications: List[ApplicationAssessment] = [] self.total_effort = 0 self.total_cost_savings = 0
def add_application(self, app: ApplicationAssessment):
    """Add application to migration assessment"""
    self.applications.append(app)

def recommend_migration_strategy(self, app: ApplicationAssessment) -> MigrationStrategy:
    """Recommend migration strategy based on application characteristics"""
    if app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.LOW:
        return MigrationStrategy.LIFT_AND_SHIFT

    elif app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.MEDIUM:
        # Check if cost savings justify refactoring
        annual_savings = app.current_costs - app.cloud_costs_estimate
        refactor_cost = app.estimated_effort * 500  # cost per day
        payback_months = (refactor_cost / annual_savings) * 12 if annual_savings > 0 else float('inf')

        if payback_months < 6:
            return MigrationStrategy.REFACTOR
        else:
            return MigrationStrategy.REPLATFORM

    else:  # HIGH complexity
        # Evaluate if modernization is worthwhile
        if app.business_criticality >= 8:
            return MigrationStrategy.REFACTOR
        else:
            return MigrationStrategy.RETIRE  # Consider retiring

def create_migration_wave_plan(self) -> Dict:
    """Create phased migration plan"""
    # Sort by criticality and dependencies
    sorted_apps = sorted(
        self.applications,
        key=lambda x: (len(x.dependencies), -x.business_criticality)
    )

    waves = {
        'wave_1': [],  # Low-risk, few dependencies
        'wave_2': [],  # Medium-risk
        'wave_3': []   # High-risk or critical
    }

    migrated = set()

    for app in sorted_apps:
        # Check if dependencies are satisfied
        deps_satisfied = all(dep in migrated for dep in app.dependencies)

        if not deps_satisfied:
            continue

        if app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.LOW:
            waves['wave_1'].append(app.name)
        elif app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.MEDIUM:
            waves['wave_2'].append(app.name)
        else:
            waves['wave_3'].append(app.name)

        migrated.add(app.name)

    return {
        'waves': waves,
        'total_applications': len(self.applications),
        'migrated_count': len(migrated),
        'total_effort_days': sum(app.estimated_effort for app in self.applications)
    }

def calculate_roi(self) -> Dict:
    """Calculate migration ROI"""
    total_current_costs = sum(app.current_costs for app in self.applications)
    total_cloud_costs = sum(app.cloud_costs_estimate for app in self.applications)
    annual_savings = total_current_costs - total_cloud_costs

    # Estimate migration costs
    total_effort = sum(app.estimated_effort for app in self.applications)
    migration_cost = total_effort * 250  # cost per day

    payback_months = (migration_cost / annual_savings) * 12 if annual_savings > 0 else float('inf')

    return {
        'total_current_costs': total_current_costs,
        'total_cloud_costs': total_cloud_costs,
        'annual_savings': annual_savings,
        'migration_cost': migration_cost,
        'payback_months': payback_months,
        'year1_savings': annual_savings - migration_cost,
        'year3_savings': (annual_savings * 3) - migration_cost
    }
from enum import Enum from typing import Dict, List, Tuple from dataclasses import dataclass
class MigrationStrategy(Enum): LIFT_AND_SHIFT = "lift_and_shift" # Rehost REPLATFORM = "replatform" # Rehost with optimizations REFACTOR = "refactor" # Rebuild for cloud REPURCHASE = "repurchase" # Switch to SaaS RETIRE = "retire" # Decommission
class ApplicationComplexity(Enum): LOW = 1 MEDIUM = 2 HIGH = 3
@dataclass class ApplicationAssessment: name: str complexity: ApplicationComplexity dependencies: List[str] estimated_effort: int # days business_criticality: int # 1-10 current_costs: float # annual cloud_costs_estimate: float # annual
class CloudMigrationPlanner: def init(self): self.applications: List[ApplicationAssessment] = [] self.total_effort = 0 self.total_cost_savings = 0
def add_application(self, app: ApplicationAssessment):
    """Add application to migration assessment"""
    self.applications.append(app)

def recommend_migration_strategy(self, app: ApplicationAssessment) -> MigrationStrategy:
    """Recommend migration strategy based on application characteristics"""
    if app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.LOW:
        return MigrationStrategy.LIFT_AND_SHIFT

    elif app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.MEDIUM:
        # Check if cost savings justify refactoring
        annual_savings = app.current_costs - app.cloud_costs_estimate
        refactor_cost = app.estimated_effort * 500  # cost per day
        payback_months = (refactor_cost / annual_savings) * 12 if annual_savings > 0 else float('inf')

        if payback_months < 6:
            return MigrationStrategy.REFACTOR
        else:
            return MigrationStrategy.REPLATFORM

    else:  # HIGH complexity
        # Evaluate if modernization is worthwhile
        if app.business_criticality >= 8:
            return MigrationStrategy.REFACTOR
        else:
            return MigrationStrategy.RETIRE  # Consider retiring

def create_migration_wave_plan(self) -> Dict:
    """Create phased migration plan"""
    # Sort by criticality and dependencies
    sorted_apps = sorted(
        self.applications,
        key=lambda x: (len(x.dependencies), -x.business_criticality)
    )

    waves = {
        'wave_1': [],  # Low-risk, few dependencies
        'wave_2': [],  # Medium-risk
        'wave_3': []   # High-risk or critical
    }

    migrated = set()

    for app in sorted_apps:
        # Check if dependencies are satisfied
        deps_satisfied = all(dep in migrated for dep in app.dependencies)

        if not deps_satisfied:
            continue

        if app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.LOW:
            waves['wave_1'].append(app.name)
        elif app.complexity == ApplicationComplexity.MEDIUM:
            waves['wave_2'].append(app.name)
        else:
            waves['wave_3'].append(app.name)

        migrated.add(app.name)

    return {
        'waves': waves,
        'total_applications': len(self.applications),
        'migrated_count': len(migrated),
        'total_effort_days': sum(app.estimated_effort for app in self.applications)
    }

def calculate_roi(self) -> Dict:
    """Calculate migration ROI"""
    total_current_costs = sum(app.current_costs for app in self.applications)
    total_cloud_costs = sum(app.cloud_costs_estimate for app in self.applications)
    annual_savings = total_current_costs - total_cloud_costs

    # Estimate migration costs
    total_effort = sum(app.estimated_effort for app in self.applications)
    migration_cost = total_effort * 250  # cost per day

    payback_months = (migration_cost / annual_savings) * 12 if annual_savings > 0 else float('inf')

    return {
        'total_current_costs': total_current_costs,
        'total_cloud_costs': total_cloud_costs,
        'annual_savings': annual_savings,
        'migration_cost': migration_cost,
        'payback_months': payback_months,
        'year1_savings': annual_savings - migration_cost,
        'year3_savings': (annual_savings * 3) - migration_cost
    }

Usage

Usage

planner = CloudMigrationPlanner()
app1 = ApplicationAssessment( name="Web Frontend", complexity=ApplicationComplexity.LOW, dependencies=[], estimated_effort=5, business_criticality=7, current_costs=50000, cloud_costs_estimate=30000 )
app2 = ApplicationAssessment( name="API Backend", complexity=ApplicationComplexity.MEDIUM, dependencies=["Database"], estimated_effort=20, business_criticality=9, current_costs=80000, cloud_costs_estimate=40000 )
app3 = ApplicationAssessment( name="Database", complexity=ApplicationComplexity.HIGH, dependencies=[], estimated_effort=30, business_criticality=10, current_costs=120000, cloud_costs_estimate=80000 )
planner.add_application(app1) planner.add_application(app2) planner.add_application(app3)
print("Migration Wave Plan:") print(planner.create_migration_wave_plan())
print("\nROI Analysis:") print(planner.calculate_roi())
undefined
planner = CloudMigrationPlanner()
app1 = ApplicationAssessment( name="Web Frontend", complexity=ApplicationComplexity.LOW, dependencies=[], estimated_effort=5, business_criticality=7, current_costs=50000, cloud_costs_estimate=30000 )
app2 = ApplicationAssessment( name="API Backend", complexity=ApplicationComplexity.MEDIUM, dependencies=["Database"], estimated_effort=20, business_criticality=9, current_costs=80000, cloud_costs_estimate=40000 )
app3 = ApplicationAssessment( name="Database", complexity=ApplicationComplexity.HIGH, dependencies=[], estimated_effort=30, business_criticality=10, current_costs=120000, cloud_costs_estimate=80000 )
planner.add_application(app1) planner.add_application(app2) planner.add_application(app3)
print("Migration Wave Plan:") print(planner.create_migration_wave_plan())
print("\nROI Analysis:") print(planner.calculate_roi())
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2. Database Migration Strategies

2. 数据库迁移策略

bash
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bash
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AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

aws dms create-replication-instance
--replication-instance-identifier my-replication-instance
--replication-instance-class dms.t3.large
--allocated-storage 100
--vpc-security-group-ids sg-12345
aws dms create-replication-instance
--replication-instance-identifier my-replication-instance
--replication-instance-class dms.t3.large
--allocated-storage 100
--vpc-security-group-ids sg-12345

Create source endpoint

Create source endpoint

aws dms create-endpoint
--endpoint-identifier source-db
--endpoint-type source
--engine-name postgres
--server-name source-db.example.com
--port 5432
--username sourceadmin
--password sourcepassword
--database-name sourcedb
aws dms create-endpoint
--endpoint-identifier source-db
--endpoint-type source
--engine-name postgres
--server-name source-db.example.com
--port 5432
--username sourceadmin
--password sourcepassword
--database-name sourcedb

Create target endpoint

Create target endpoint

aws dms create-endpoint
--endpoint-identifier target-rds
--endpoint-type target
--engine-name postgres
--server-name my-db.xyz.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com
--port 5432
--username targetadmin
--password targetpassword
--database-name targetdb
aws dms create-endpoint
--endpoint-identifier target-rds
--endpoint-type target
--engine-name postgres
--server-name my-db.xyz.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com
--port 5432
--username targetadmin
--password targetpassword
--database-name targetdb

Create migration task

Create migration task

aws dms create-replication-task
--replication-task-identifier postgres-migration
--source-endpoint-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:endpoint/source-db
--target-endpoint-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:endpoint/target-rds
--replication-instance-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:rep:my-replication-instance
--migration-type fullload
--table-mappings file://mappings.json
aws dms create-replication-task
--replication-task-identifier postgres-migration
--source-endpoint-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:endpoint/source-db
--target-endpoint-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:endpoint/target-rds
--replication-instance-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:rep:my-replication-instance
--migration-type fullload
--table-mappings file://mappings.json

Monitor migration

Monitor migration

aws dms describe-replication-tasks
--filters Name=replication-task-arn,Values=arn:aws:dms:region:account:task:task-id
aws dms describe-replication-tasks
--filters Name=replication-task-arn,Values=arn:aws:dms:region:account:task:task-id

Start migration

Start migration

aws dms start-replication-task
--replication-task-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:task:postgres-migration
--start-replication-task-type start-replication
undefined
aws dms start-replication-task
--replication-task-arn arn:aws:dms:region:account:task:postgres-migration
--start-replication-task-type start-replication
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3. Terraform Migration Infrastructure

3. Terraform迁移基础设施

hcl
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hcl
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migration.tf

migration.tf

terraform { required_providers { aws = { source = "hashicorp/aws" version = "~> 5.0" } } }
provider "aws" { region = var.aws_region }
terraform { required_providers { aws = { source = "hashicorp/aws" version = "~> 5.0" } } }
provider "aws" { region = var.aws_region }

VPC for migration infrastructure

VPC for migration infrastructure

resource "aws_vpc" "migration" { cidr_block = "10.100.0.0/16" enable_dns_hostnames = true
tags = { Name = "migration-vpc" } }
resource "aws_vpc" "migration" { cidr_block = "10.100.0.0/16" enable_dns_hostnames = true
tags = { Name = "migration-vpc" } }

Subnets for DMS

Subnets for DMS

resource "aws_subnet" "migration" { count = 2 vpc_id = aws_vpc.migration.id cidr_block = "10.100.${count.index}.0/24" availability_zone = data.aws_availability_zones.available.names[count.index]
tags = { Name = "migration-subnet-${count.index}" } }
resource "aws_subnet" "migration" { count = 2 vpc_id = aws_vpc.migration.id cidr_block = "10.100.${count.index}.0/24" availability_zone = data.aws_availability_zones.available.names[count.index]
tags = { Name = "migration-subnet-${count.index}" } }

Replication subnet group

Replication subnet group

resource "aws_dms_replication_subnet_group" "migration" { replication_subnet_group_description = "Migration subnet group" replication_subnet_group_id = "migration-subnet-group" subnet_ids = aws_subnet.migration[*].id }
resource "aws_dms_replication_subnet_group" "migration" { replication_subnet_group_description = "Migration subnet group" replication_subnet_group_id = "migration-subnet-group" subnet_ids = aws_subnet.migration[*].id }

Replication instance

Replication instance

resource "aws_dms_replication_instance" "migration" { allocated_storage = 100 apply_immediately = true auto_minor_version_upgrade = true engine_version = "3.4.5" multi_az = true publicly_accessible = false replication_instance_class = "dms.c5.2xlarge" replication_instance_id = "migration-instance" replication_subnet_group_id = aws_dms_replication_subnet_group.migration.id
tags = { Name = "migration-instance" } }
resource "aws_dms_replication_instance" "migration" { allocated_storage = 100 apply_immediately = true auto_minor_version_upgrade = true engine_version = "3.4.5" multi_az = true publicly_accessible = false replication_instance_class = "dms.c5.2xlarge" replication_instance_id = "migration-instance" replication_subnet_group_id = aws_dms_replication_subnet_group.migration.id
tags = { Name = "migration-instance" } }

Source database endpoint

Source database endpoint

resource "aws_dms_endpoint" "source" { endpoint_type = "source" engine_name = "postgres" server_name = var.source_db_host port = 5432 username = var.source_db_user password = var.source_db_password database_name = var.source_db_name endpoint_id = "source-postgres"
ssl_mode = "require"
tags = { Name = "source-endpoint" } }
resource "aws_dms_endpoint" "source" { endpoint_type = "source" engine_name = "postgres" server_name = var.source_db_host port = 5432 username = var.source_db_user password = var.source_db_password database_name = var.source_db_name endpoint_id = "source-postgres"
ssl_mode = "require"
tags = { Name = "source-endpoint" } }

Target RDS endpoint

Target RDS endpoint

resource "aws_dms_endpoint" "target" { endpoint_type = "target" engine_name = "postgres" server_name = aws_db_instance.target.endpoint port = 5432 username = aws_db_instance.target.username password = var.target_db_password database_name = aws_db_instance.target.db_name endpoint_id = "target-rds"
tags = { Name = "target-endpoint" } }
resource "aws_dms_endpoint" "target" { endpoint_type = "target" engine_name = "postgres" server_name = aws_db_instance.target.endpoint port = 5432 username = aws_db_instance.target.username password = var.target_db_password database_name = aws_db_instance.target.db_name endpoint_id = "target-rds"
tags = { Name = "target-endpoint" } }

Target RDS instance

Target RDS instance

resource "aws_db_instance" "target" { identifier = "migration-target-db" allocated_storage = 100 engine = "postgres" engine_version = "15.2" instance_class = "db.r5.2xlarge" username = "postgres" password = random_password.db.result db_name = "targetdb" multi_az = true publicly_accessible = false
backup_retention_period = 30 backup_window = "03:00-04:00"
skip_final_snapshot = false final_snapshot_identifier = "migration-target-final-snapshot" }
resource "aws_db_instance" "target" { identifier = "migration-target-db" allocated_storage = 100 engine = "postgres" engine_version = "15.2" instance_class = "db.r5.2xlarge" username = "postgres" password = random_password.db.result db_name = "targetdb" multi_az = true publicly_accessible = false
backup_retention_period = 30 backup_window = "03:00-04:00"
skip_final_snapshot = false final_snapshot_identifier = "migration-target-final-snapshot" }

Replication task

Replication task

resource "aws_dms_replication_task" "migration" { migration_type = "full-load-and-cdc" replication_instance_arn = aws_dms_replication_instance.migration.replication_instance_arn replication_task_id = "postgres-full-migration" source_endpoint_arn = aws_dms_endpoint.source.endpoint_arn target_endpoint_arn = aws_dms_endpoint.target.endpoint_arn
table_mappings = jsonencode({ rules = [ { rule_type = "selection" rule_id = "1" rule_action = "include" object_locator = { schema_name = "%" table_name = "%" } } ] })
replication_task_settings = jsonencode({ TargetMetadata = { TargetSchema = "public" SupportLobs = true FullLobMode = false LobChunkSize = 64 LobMaxSize = 32 } FullLoadSettings = { TargetPrepMode = "DROP_AND_CREATE" CreatePkAfterFullLoad = false StopTaskCachedSourceNotApplied = false } Logging = { EnableLogging = true LogComponents = [ { LogType = "SOURCE_UNSPECIFIED" Id = "%COMMON_MESSAGES%" Severity = "LOGGER_SEVERITY_DEBUG" } ] } })
tags = { Name = "postgres-migration" }
depends_on = [ aws_dms_endpoint.source, aws_dms_endpoint.target, aws_dms_replication_instance.migration ] }
resource "aws_dms_replication_task" "migration" { migration_type = "full-load-and-cdc" replication_instance_arn = aws_dms_replication_instance.migration.replication_instance_arn replication_task_id = "postgres-full-migration" source_endpoint_arn = aws_dms_endpoint.source.endpoint_arn target_endpoint_arn = aws_dms_endpoint.target.endpoint_arn
table_mappings = jsonencode({ rules = [ { rule_type = "selection" rule_id = "1" rule_action = "include" object_locator = { schema_name = "%" table_name = "%" } } ] })
replication_task_settings = jsonencode({ TargetMetadata = { TargetSchema = "public" SupportLobs = true FullLobMode = false LobChunkSize = 64 LobMaxSize = 32 } FullLoadSettings = { TargetPrepMode = "DROP_AND_CREATE" CreatePkAfterFullLoad = false StopTaskCachedSourceNotApplied = false } Logging = { EnableLogging = true LogComponents = [ { LogType = "SOURCE_UNSPECIFIED" Id = "%COMMON_MESSAGES%" Severity = "LOGGER_SEVERITY_DEBUG" } ] } })
tags = { Name = "postgres-migration" }
depends_on = [ aws_dms_endpoint.source, aws_dms_endpoint.target, aws_dms_replication_instance.migration ] }

Secrets Manager for credentials

Secrets Manager for credentials

resource "aws_secretsmanager_secret" "migration_creds" { name_prefix = "migration/" }
resource "aws_secretsmanager_secret_version" "migration_creds" { secret_id = aws_secretsmanager_secret.migration_creds.id secret_string = jsonencode({ source_db_password = var.source_db_password target_db_password = var.target_db_password }) }
resource "aws_secretsmanager_secret" "migration_creds" { name_prefix = "migration/" }
resource "aws_secretsmanager_secret_version" "migration_creds" { secret_id = aws_secretsmanager_secret.migration_creds.id secret_string = jsonencode({ source_db_password = var.source_db_password target_db_password = var.target_db_password }) }

CloudWatch monitoring

CloudWatch monitoring

resource "aws_cloudwatch_log_group" "dms" { name = "/aws/dms/migration" retention_in_days = 7 }
resource "aws_cloudwatch_metric_alarm" "migration_failed" { alarm_name = "dms-migration-failed" comparison_operator = "GreaterThanOrEqualToThreshold" evaluation_periods = 1 metric_name = "FailureCount" namespace = "AWS/DMS" period = 300 statistic = "Sum" threshold = 1 alarm_description = "Alert on DMS migration failure" }
resource "aws_cloudwatch_log_group" "dms" { name = "/aws/dms/migration" retention_in_days = 7 }
resource "aws_cloudwatch_metric_alarm" "migration_failed" { alarm_name = "dms-migration-failed" comparison_operator = "GreaterThanOrEqualToThreshold" evaluation_periods = 1 metric_name = "FailureCount" namespace = "AWS/DMS" period = 300 statistic = "Sum" threshold = 1 alarm_description = "Alert on DMS migration failure" }

Random password

Random password

resource "random_password" "db" { length = 16 special = true }
resource "random_password" "db" { length = 16 special = true }

Data source for AZs

Data source for AZs

data "aws_availability_zones" "available" { state = "available" }
data "aws_availability_zones" "available" { state = "available" }

Outputs

Outputs

output "dms_instance_id" { value = aws_dms_replication_instance.migration.replication_instance_id }
output "target_db_endpoint" { value = aws_db_instance.target.endpoint }
undefined
output "dms_instance_id" { value = aws_dms_replication_instance.migration.replication_instance_id }
output "target_db_endpoint" { value = aws_db_instance.target.endpoint }
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4. Cutover Validation Checklist

4. 切换验证清单

yaml
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yaml
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cutover-validation.yaml

cutover-validation.yaml

pre_cutover:
  • name: "Source Database Health Check" steps:
    • command: "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_stat_replication;"
    • validate: "Replication lag < 1 second"
    • expected: "All replicas in sync"
  • name: "Target Database Readiness" steps:
    • command: "SELECT datname, pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size(datname)) FROM pg_database;"
    • validate: "Target DB size matches source"
    • expected: "Exact match"
  • name: "Network Connectivity" steps:
    • test: "Source to Target connectivity"
    • command: "nc -zv target-db.rds.amazonaws.com 5432"
    • expected: "Connection successful"
  • name: "Backup Validation" steps:
    • verify: "Recent backup exists"
    • test: "Restore to test instance"
    • expected: "Restore successful"
cutover:
  • name: "Pre-Cutover Tasks" steps:
    • "Notify stakeholders"
    • "Stop application writes"
    • "Verify replication lag < 1 second"
    • "Capture final metrics from source"
  • name: "DNS Cutover" steps:
    • "Update DNS to point to target"
    • "Verify DNS propagation"
    • "Test connectivity from test client"
  • name: "Application Failover" steps:
    • "Update connection strings"
    • "Restart application servers"
    • "Verify application health"
    • "Run smoke tests"
post_cutover:
  • name: "Validation" steps:
    • "Run test suite on production"
    • "Verify data integrity"
    • "Check application logs"
    • "Monitor error rates"
  • name: "Cleanup" steps:
    • "Document final metrics"
    • "Archive source database"
    • "Update documentation"
    • "Schedule post-migration review"
validation_criteria:
  • "Zero data loss"
  • "Application response time < 200ms"
  • "Error rate < 0.1%"
  • "All user journeys pass"
  • "Database replication successful"
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pre_cutover:
  • name: "Source Database Health Check" steps:
    • command: "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_stat_replication;"
    • validate: "Replication lag < 1 second"
    • expected: "All replicas in sync"
  • name: "Target Database Readiness" steps:
    • command: "SELECT datname, pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size(datname)) FROM pg_database;"
    • validate: "Target DB size matches source"
    • expected: "Exact match"
  • name: "Network Connectivity" steps:
    • test: "Source to Target connectivity"
    • command: "nc -zv target-db.rds.amazonaws.com 5432"
    • expected: "Connection successful"
  • name: "Backup Validation" steps:
    • verify: "Recent backup exists"
    • test: "Restore to test instance"
    • expected: "Restore successful"
cutover:
  • name: "Pre-Cutover Tasks" steps:
    • "Notify stakeholders"
    • "Stop application writes"
    • "Verify replication lag < 1 second"
    • "Capture final metrics from source"
  • name: "DNS Cutover" steps:
    • "Update DNS to point to target"
    • "Verify DNS propagation"
    • "Test connectivity from test client"
  • name: "Application Failover" steps:
    • "Update connection strings"
    • "Restart application servers"
    • "Verify application health"
    • "Run smoke tests"
post_cutover:
  • name: "Validation" steps:
    • "Run test suite on production"
    • "Verify data integrity"
    • "Check application logs"
    • "Monitor error rates"
  • name: "Cleanup" steps:
    • "Document final metrics"
    • "Archive source database"
    • "Update documentation"
    • "Schedule post-migration review"
validation_criteria:
  • "Zero data loss"
  • "Application response time < 200ms"
  • "Error rate < 0.1%"
  • "All user journeys pass"
  • "Database replication successful"
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Best Practices

最佳实践

✅ DO

✅ 建议

  • Perform thorough discovery and assessment
  • Run parallel systems during transition
  • Test thoroughly before cutover
  • Have rollback plan ready
  • Monitor closely post-migration
  • Document all changes
  • Train operations team
  • Maintain previous systems temporarily
  • 执行全面的发现与评估
  • 过渡期间运行并行系统
  • 切换前进行充分测试
  • 准备好回滚计划
  • 迁移后密切监控
  • 记录所有变更
  • 培训运维团队
  • 暂时保留原系统

❌ DON'T

❌ 避免

  • Rush migration without planning
  • Migrate without testing
  • Forget rollback procedures
  • Ignore dependencies
  • Skip stakeholder communication
  • Migrate everything at once
  • Forget to update documentation
  • 未经规划就仓促迁移
  • 未测试就进行迁移
  • 忘记回滚流程
  • 忽略依赖关系
  • 跳过利益相关者沟通
  • 一次性迁移所有系统
  • 忘记更新文档

Migration Phases

迁移阶段

  1. Assessment (2-4 weeks): Discover, evaluate, plan
  2. Pilot (2-8 weeks): Migrate non-critical application
  3. Wave Migration (8-16 weeks): Migrate by priority
  4. Optimization (4+ weeks): Fine-tune cloud resources
  5. Closure (1-2 weeks): Decommission source systems
  1. 评估(2-4周):发现、评估、规划
  2. 试点(2-8周):迁移非关键应用
  3. 分批迁移(8-16周):按优先级迁移
  4. 优化(4周以上):微调云资源
  5. 收尾(1-2周):停用源系统

Resources

资源