Loading...
Loading...
Compare original and translation side by side
| Factor | Choose SPR | Choose BLI |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Small molecules, fragments (<500 Da) | Large complexes, antibodies |
| Throughput | Low-medium (serial) | High (96-well parallel) |
| Sample purity | Required (clogs fluidics) | Tolerates crude lysates |
| Kinetic resolution | Higher (better for fast kinetics) | Lower |
| Mass transport | More sensitive (may distort kon) | Less sensitive |
| Maintenance | High (fluidics system) | Low (dip-and-read) |
| Sample consumption | Higher (continuous flow) | Lower |
| Cost per experiment | Lower chip cost, higher run cost | Higher tip cost, lower run cost |
| 考量因素 | 选择SPR | 选择BLI |
|---|---|---|
| 灵敏度 | 小分子、片段(<500 Da) | 大型复合物、抗体 |
| 通量 | 中低(串行) | 高(96孔并行) |
| 样品纯度 | 要求高(易堵塞流路) | 可兼容粗裂解液 |
| 动力学分辨率 | 更高(更适合快速动力学) | 较低 |
| 传质效应 | 更敏感(可能扭曲kon) | 敏感度较低 |
| 维护成本 | 高(流路系统) | 低(浸取式读取) |
| 样品消耗量 | 高(连续流动) | 低 |
| 单次实验成本 | 芯片成本低,运行成本高 | 耗材(Tip)成本高,运行成本低 |
| Cause | Mechanism | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrophobic CDRs | Adsorb to SPR gold/dextran surface | Add 0.05% Tween-20, use CM7 chip with longer dextran |
| Aggregation | Mass transport artifacts in SPR fluidics | Filter sample (0.22μm), reduce ligand density |
| High instability | Degrades during continuous flow | Shorter cycle time, add stabilizers (trehalose 5%) |
| Charge mismatch | Nonspecific binding to charged dextran | Adjust buffer pH ±1 from pI, add BSA 1mg/mL |
| Slow dissociation | Long regeneration needed (damages ligand) | Use BLI (disposable tips) |
| 原因 | 机制 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 疏水性CDR | 吸附到SPR金表面/葡聚糖基质 | 添加0.05% Tween-20,使用带有更长葡聚糖链的CM7芯片 |
| 聚集 | SPR流路中出现传质伪影 | 过滤样品(0.22μm),降低配体密度 |
| 稳定性差 | 连续流动过程中降解 | 缩短循环时间,添加稳定剂(5%海藻糖) |
| 电荷不匹配 | 与带电荷的葡聚糖发生非特异性结合 | 调整缓冲液pH至偏离等电点±1,添加1mg/mL BSA |
| 解离缓慢 | 再生所需时间长(损伤配体) | 改用BLI(一次性Tip) |
| Cause | Mechanism | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Small analyte | BLI less sensitive for <10 kDa | Use SPR with appropriate chip |
| Weak affinity (KD >10μM) | Fast dissociation in BLI dip | Increase analyte concentration |
| Low expression | Not enough signal | Increase biosensor loading |
| 原因 | 机制 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 分析物分子小 | BLI对<10 kDa的样品灵敏度低 | 使用SPR搭配合适芯片 |
| 亲和力弱(KD >10μM) | BLI浸取过程中解离过快 | 提高分析物浓度 |
| 表达量低 | 信号不足 | 提高生物传感器负载量 |
| Strategy | SPR | BLI |
|---|---|---|
| Reduce ligand density | <200 RU for high-affinity | <0.5 nm shift loading |
| Increase flow rate | 50-100 μL/min | Increase shake speed (1000 rpm) |
| Use oriented immobilization | His-tag capture | Biotinylated ligand |
| Include in fitting | Mass transport model (kt) | Usually less critical |
| 策略 | SPR | BLI |
|---|---|---|
| 降低配体密度 | 高亲和力体系<200 RU | 负载量<0.5 nm偏移 |
| 提高流速 | 50-100 μL/min | 提高振荡速度(1000 rpm) |
| 使用定向固定 | His标签捕获 | 生物素化配体 |
| 拟合时纳入模型 | 传质模型(kt) | 通常无需重点考虑 |
| Additive | Concentration | Mechanism | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSA | 0.5-1 mg/mL | Blocks hydrophobic sites | General use |
| Tween-20 | 0.02-0.05% | Prevents surface adsorption | Hydrophobic analytes |
| Trehalose | 1-5% | Stabilizes + blocks | Unstable proteins |
| Sucrose | 5% | BLI-specific blocker | BLI tips |
| Carboxymethyl dextran | 1 mg/mL | Competitive blocking | SPR with charged proteins |
| NaCl | 150-500 mM | Reduces ionic interactions | Charged proteins |
| 添加剂 | 浓度 | 作用机制 | 最佳适用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSA | 0.5-1 mg/mL | 封闭疏水位点 | 通用场景 |
| Tween-20 | 0.02-0.05% | 防止表面吸附 | 疏水性分析物 |
| 海藻糖 | 1-5% | 稳定样品+封闭位点 | 不稳定蛋白 |
| 蔗糖 | 5% | BLI专用封闭剂 | BLI Tip |
| 羧甲基葡聚糖 | 1 mg/mL | 竞争性封闭 | 带电荷蛋白的SPR实验 |
| NaCl | 150-500 mM | 减少离子相互作用 | 带电荷蛋白 |
| Condition | Targets | Caution |
|---|---|---|
| 10 mM Glycine pH 2.0-2.5 | Most protein-protein | May denature ligand |
| 10 mM Glycine pH 1.5 | Strong interactions | Harsh, limit exposure |
| 1-2 M NaCl | Ionic interactions | Mild, try first |
| 10 mM NaOH | Very stable ligands | Can hydrolyze proteins |
| 10 mM Glycine pH 9-10 | Acid-stable proteins | Can aggregate |
| 10 mM EDTA | His-tag, metal-dependent | Strips Ni-NTA |
| 4 M MgCl2 | Hydrophobic interactions | Check ligand stability |
| 条件 | 适用对象 | 注意事项 |
|---|---|---|
| 10 mM 甘氨酸 pH 2.0-2.5 | 大多数蛋白-蛋白相互作用 | 可能使配体变性 |
| 10 mM 甘氨酸 pH 1.5 | 强相互作用 | 条件苛刻,限制暴露时间 |
| 1-2 M NaCl | 离子相互作用 | 温和,优先尝试 |
| 10 mM NaOH | 稳定性极高的配体 | 可水解蛋白 |
| 10 mM 甘氨酸 pH 9-10 | 耐酸性蛋白 | 可能导致聚集 |
| 10 mM EDTA | His标签、金属依赖型相互作用 | 会洗脱Ni-NTA |
| 4 M MgCl2 | 疏水性相互作用 | 检查配体稳定性 |