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If the response is `{"errcode": 40164, ...}` (invalid IP) or `{"errcode": 40013, ...}` (invalid appid) — surface that error to the user; it means the connector setup itself is wrong, not the request.

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curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/uploadimg?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -F "media=@/path/to/your-image.jpg"

Limits: ≤ 1 MB, JPG/PNG only, no count limit on this endpoint.

curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}&type=thumb" \
  -F "media=@/path/to/cover.jpg" | jq '{media_id, url}'

The `media_id` you get back is what you pass as `thumb_media_id` when creating a draft.
Recommended cover dimensions: 900×500 px, JPG, < 64 KB ideally.

TITLE="Q1 product update"
AUTHOR="Acme Inc."
THUMB_MEDIA_ID="MEDIA_ID_FROM_PREVIOUS_STEP"
CONTENT_HTML='<p>欢迎关注我们的最新动态。</p><p><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/..."></p><p>更多内容请见底部「阅读原文」。</p>'
DIGEST="Q1 has been a wild ride — here's what shipped."
SOURCE_URL="https://example.com/q1-recap"   # optional; populates 「阅读原文」, leave empty to omit

PAYLOAD=$(jq -nc \
  --arg title       "$TITLE" \
  --arg author      "$AUTHOR" \
  --arg thumb       "$THUMB_MEDIA_ID" \
  --arg content     "$CONTENT_HTML" \
  --arg digest      "$DIGEST" \
  --arg source_url  "$SOURCE_URL" \
  '{articles: [{
    article_type: "news",
    title: $title,
    author: $author,
    thumb_media_id: $thumb,
    content: $content,
    digest: $digest,
    content_source_url: $source_url,
    need_open_comment: 0,
    only_fans_can_comment: 0
  }]}')

curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/draft/add?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw "$PAYLOAD" | jq

Tell the user: *"Draft created. Open https://mp.weixin.qq.com → 草稿箱 to review and tap «发表» from there."* — that's the safest path because the user controls the publish click in WeChat's own UI.

curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/draft/batchget?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw '{"offset": 0, "count": 20, "no_content": 1}' \
  | jq '.item[] | {media_id, update_time, title: .content.news_item[0].title}'

DRAFT_MEDIA_ID="..."
curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/draft/get?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw "$(jq -nc --arg m "$DRAFT_MEDIA_ID" '{media_id: $m}')" | jq

curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/draft/update?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw "$(jq -nc --arg m "$DRAFT_MEDIA_ID" --arg t "Updated title" --arg c "<p>new body</p>" --arg th "$THUMB_MEDIA_ID" '
    {media_id: $m, index: 0, articles: {
      title: $t, content: $c, thumb_media_id: $th
    }}')" | jq

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Then poll publish status (publishing is async, takes ~5-30 seconds):

```sh
PUBLISH_ID="..."
curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/freepublish/get?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw "$(jq -nc --arg p "$PUBLISH_ID" '{publish_id: $p}')" | jq '{publish_status, fail_idx, article_id, article_url: .article_detail.item[0].article_url}'

When `publish_status == 0`, return `article_detail.item[0].article_url` to the user — that's the canonical https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/... URL.

curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/freepublish/batchget?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw '{"offset": 0, "count": 20, "no_content": 1}' \
  | jq '.item[] | {article_id, update_time, title: .content.news_item[0].title, url: .content.news_item[0].url}'

OPENID="oXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"   # the recipient follower's openid
TEXT="Hi! Your subscription has been renewed. Thanks for sticking with us."

curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw "$(jq -nc --arg u "$OPENID" --arg t "$TEXT" '
    {touser: $u, msgtype: "text", text: {content: $t}}')" | jq

BEGIN="2026-04-25"
END="2026-05-01"   # max 7-day window for getusersummary

`datacube/*` requires an authenticated (已认证) account with the data-cube permission.

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NEXT=""
curl -sS "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/get?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}&next_openid=${NEXT}" \
  | jq '{total, count, openids: .data.openid, next: .next_openid}'

For each openid, batch-fetch profile (≤ 100 per call):

```sh
curl -sS -X POST \
  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/batchget?access_token=${WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
  --data-raw '{"user_list": [{"openid": "OPENID1", "lang": "zh_CN"}]}' \
  | jq '.user_info_list[] | {openid, nickname, subscribe_time, tagid_list}'