npm install -g @googleworkspace/cli   # or: brew install googleworkspace-cli

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export GOOGLE_WORKSPACE_CLI_TOKEN="$GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN"

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Each helper exits with a non-zero status and a JSON error on stderr if
Google rejects the request — surface that error verbatim. `+send` /
`+reply` need the `gmail.send` scope; if the user only granted
`gmail.readonly` you'll see `403 insufficientPermissions` and should ask
them to re-install the connector with the send box checked.

All the read / list / search / label / attachment recipes below are
intentionally **not** rewritten to `gws` — a one-line `curl ... | jq` is
shorter and easier to compose with shell pipelines.

curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/profile" \
  | jq '{email: .emailAddress, totalMessages, totalThreads, historyId}'

curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages" \
  --data-urlencode 'q=is:unread in:inbox newer_than:7d' \
  --data-urlencode 'maxResults=20' \
  | jq '.messages // [] | .[]'

IDS=$(curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages" \
  --data-urlencode 'q=is:unread in:inbox' \
  --data-urlencode 'maxResults=10' \
  | jq -r '.messages // [] | .[].id')

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ID='18f1a2b3c4d5e6f0'
RESP=$(curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages/$ID" \
  --data-urlencode 'format=full')

echo "$RESP" | jq '{id, snippet, headers: (.payload.headers | map({(.name): .value}) | add)}'

If the plain-text leaf is empty, fall back to the `text/html` leaf
(same walk, swap the mimeType filter) and tell the user it's HTML.

THREAD_ID='18f1a2b3c4d5e6f0'
curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/threads/$THREAD_ID" \
  --data-urlencode 'format=metadata' \
  --data-urlencode 'metadataHeaders=From' \
  --data-urlencode 'metadataHeaders=Subject' \
  --data-urlencode 'metadataHeaders=Date' \
  | jq '{id, historyId, messages: [(.messages // [])[] | {id, snippet, from: (.payload.headers | from_entries.From), date: (.payload.headers | from_entries.Date)}]}'

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`q` syntax reference: <https://support.google.com/mail/answer/7190> —
the model-friendly bits are `from:`, `to:`, `cc:`, `subject:`, `label:`,
`is:unread`, `is:read`, `is:starred`, `has:attachment`, `filename:pdf`,
`newer_than:7d`, `older_than:30d`, `after:YYYY/MM/DD`, `before:`, `in:inbox`,
`in:trash`. Combine with `OR` / `()` / `-`.

curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/labels" \
  | jq '.labels[] | {id, name, type, color: .color.backgroundColor}'

LABEL_ID='Label_4'  # from labels.list above
curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages" \
  --data-urlencode "labelIds=$LABEL_ID" \
  --data-urlencode 'maxResults=20' \
  | jq '.messages // []'

MSG_ID='18f1a2b3c4d5e6f0'

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PAGE_TOKEN=''
while : ; do
  RESP=$(curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
    --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages" \
    --data-urlencode 'q=in:inbox' \
    --data-urlencode 'maxResults=100' \
    ${PAGE_TOKEN:+--data-urlencode "pageToken=$PAGE_TOKEN"})
  echo "$RESP" | jq -c '.messages[]?'
  PAGE_TOKEN=$(echo "$RESP" | jq -r '.nextPageToken // empty')
  [ -z "$PAGE_TOKEN" ] && break
done

MSG_ID='18f1a2b3c4d5e6f0'

The `modify` endpoint takes `addLabelIds` and `removeLabelIds`
together — useful for atomic "archive + label" moves. Use the same
shape on `/threads/$THREAD_ID/modify` to apply across a whole thread.

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Creating a brand-new label needs the same scope:

```sh
curl -sS -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data '{"name":"Follow up","messageListVisibility":"show","labelListVisibility":"labelShow"}' \
  "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/labels" \
  | jq '{id, name}'

MSG_ID='18f1a2b3c4d5e6f0'
curl -sS -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages/$MSG_ID/trash"

Use `/untrash` (same shape) to restore. **Never** use
`messages.delete` — it permanently deletes and needs a higher scope
that we don't request.

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For non-ASCII subjects (Chinese / emoji), use MIME encoded-word:

```sh
SUBJECT_RAW='你好，季度复盘草稿'
SUBJECT_ENCODED="=?UTF-8?B?$(printf %s "$SUBJECT_RAW" | base64)?="

ORIG_MSG_ID='18f1a2b3c4d5e6f0'
ORIG=$(curl -sS -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  --get "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages/$ORIG_MSG_ID" \
  --data-urlencode 'format=metadata' \
  --data-urlencode 'metadataHeaders=Message-ID' \
  --data-urlencode 'metadataHeaders=Subject' \
  --data-urlencode 'metadataHeaders=From')
MID=$(echo "$ORIG" | jq -r '.payload.headers | from_entries | .["Message-ID"] // .["Message-Id"]')
FROM=$(echo "$ORIG" | jq -r '.payload.headers | from_entries | .From')
SUBJ=$(echo "$ORIG" | jq -r '.payload.headers | from_entries | .Subject')
TID=$(echo "$ORIG" | jq -r .threadId)

RAW=$(printf 'To: %s\r\nSubject: Re: %s\r\nIn-Reply-To: %s\r\nReferences: %s\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\n\r\n%s' \
  "$FROM" "$SUBJ" "$MID" "$MID" \
  'Replying inline — will follow up later today.' \
  | base64 | tr -d '\n' | tr '+/' '-_' | tr -d '=')

curl -sS -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data "{\"raw\":\"$RAW\",\"threadId\":\"$TID\"}" \
  "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages/send" \
  | jq '{id, threadId}'

curl -sS -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $GOOGLE_GMAIL_TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data "{\"message\":{\"raw\":\"$RAW\"}}" \
  "https://gmail.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/drafts" \
  | jq '{id, message: {id: .message.id, threadId: .message.threadId}}'